Author: claimsbot

1. A Ho:YAG crystal laser amplifier with a separate thulium fiber coherent light pump source at a wavelength of 1.9 \u03bcm to amplify a signal having a wavelength of 2.1 \u03bcm by directly end pumping the Ho:YAG crystal laser at its 5I7 to 5I8 transition, the Ho:YAG crystal laser amplifier comprising:
a yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal host rod doped with less than 2% holmium (Ho) active ions, and having a length long enough to produce an output laser emission with less than 2% holmium active ions in the Ho:YAG crystal laser; and
wherein the Ho:YAG crystal laser has a quantum defect less than 1.0 when the holmium ions are directly pumped from the pump source to produce an output laser emission having a wavelength of 2.1 \u03bcm.
2. The Ho:YAG crystal laser amplifier of claim 1 further comprising a source of seed pulses to cause amplified pulses to be output from the laser when it is used as an amplifier.
3. The Ho:YAG crystal laser amplifier of claim 1 wherein the laser has no sensitizer ions to thereby eliminate any energy mismatches caused by sensitizer ions, and thereby increase the efficiency of the laser while minimizing detrimental thermal loading in the laser caused by up-conversion loss processes.
4. The Ho:YAG crystal laser amplifier of claim 3 wherein the pump source provides an output at a wavelength of 1.9 \u03bcm that is used to directly pump the holmium doped laser at the holmium 5I7 to 5I8 transition.
5. The Ho:YAG crystal laser amplifier of claim 4 further comprising a source of seed pulses to cause amplified pulses to be output from the laser when it is used as an amplifier.
6. The Ho:YAG crystal laser of claim 4 wherein the coherent light pump source is a thulium fiber laser that provides an output at a wavelength at or near 1.9 \u03bcm that is used to directly pump the holmium doped laser at the holmium 5I7 to 5I8 transition.
7. A holmium doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal laser amplifier comprising:
a crystal host material doped with less than 2% active ions, and having a length long enough to produce an output laser emission with that low level of doping when pumped; and
a thulium fiber laser pump source that provides an output at a wavelength of 1.9 \u03bcm that is used to directly pump the holmium doped laser amplifier at the holmium 5I7 to 5I8 transition, wherein the holmium doped host material has no sensitizer ions to thereby eliminate any energy mismatches caused by sensitizer ions, and thereby increase the efficiency of the laser amplifier while minimizing detrimental thermal loading in the laser amplifier caused by up-conversion loss processes.
8. The holmium doped crystal laser amplifier of claim 7 further comprising a source of seed pulses that when input to the holmium doped crystal host material causes amplified pulses to be output from the laser amplifier.
9. The holmium doped crystal laser amplifier of claim 7 wherein the doping with less than 2% holmium active ions in the YAG crystal host rod reduces unwanted up-conversions losses in the laser which thereby helps to minimize detrimental thermal loading in the laser amplifier.
10. A holmium doped crystal laser of claim 9 wherein the doping with less than 2% holmium active ions reduces absorption of its own energy to thereby increase the operating efficiency of the laser amplifier.
11. A laser crystal amplifer for amplifying seed pulses and the amplified pulses have a wavelength of 2.1 microns, the laser crystal amplifier comprising:
a laser crystal having a host material doped with less than 2% holmium active ions, and having a length long enough to produce an output laser emission;
a pump laser for generating a pump beam having a wavelength of 1.9 microns that is imput to the laser crystal of the amplifier; and
optical means for combining the pump beam and the seed pulses to be amplified before they are input to the laser crystal;
wherein each time a seed pulse is input to the laser crystal along with the pump beam there is a pulse output from the laser crystal, and the output pulse is an amplified version of the seed pulse, and wherein the holmium doped host material has no sensitizer ions to thereby eliminate any energy mismatches caused by sensitizer ions, and thereby increase the efficiency of the laser amplifier while minimizing detrimental thermal loading in the laser amplifier caused by up-conversion loss.
12. The laser crystal amplifier of claim 11 wherein the pump laser is a thulium fiber laser.
13. The laser crystal amplifier of claim 12 wherein the host material of the holmium doped laser crystal is yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) the output laser emission from which is at 2.1 microns yielding a pump ratio of 0.9 and thereby a very low quantum defect for the laser crystal.
14. The laser crystal amplifier of claim 11 wherein the pump beam output from the pump laser and input to the laser crystal is pulsed, and the seed pulses to be amplified are input to the laser crystal via the optical mean after each pulse from the pump laser.
15. The laser crystal amplifier of claim 14 wherein the optical means has a high transmissivity at the pump wavelength of 1.9 microns and a high reflectivity at substantially 2.1 microns to input the seed pulses and the pump beam along the same optical path to be input on the laser crystal.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A building wrap membrane comprising a sheet of spunbonded vapor permeable polypropylene base member with integral adhesive attachment means on the front and back of said sheet, said adhesive attachment means comprising at least one pressure sensitive adhesive strip with a release cover, a drainage matrix secured to the front of said sheet, said drainage matrix being constructed of individual thermoplastic threads randomly laid down and secured together by heat bonding; said threads being formed into spaced rows with at least one expansion joint formed across said rows, said drainage matrix being secured to said base member leaving an uncovered area at the top of said sheet to receive an adhesive attachment strip while substantially covering the rest of said sheet.
2. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein said drainage matrix rows are composed of nylon threads.
3. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein said drainage matrix rows are composed of polypropylene threads.
4. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein said drainage matrix rows are composed of CLP plastic threads.
5. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein said adhesive attachment means applied to the back of said base member is at least one strip of vapor permeable pressure sensitive adhesive ranging from 1\xbd inches to 6 inches in width with a similar sized release cover.
6. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein said adhesive attachment means applied to the front of said base member is at least one strip of vapor permeable pressure sensitive adhesive with a release cover positioned above said drainage matrix parallel to the top and bottom edges of said base member.
7. A building wrap membrane of claim 5, wherein said adhesive strip with a release cover is about 6 inches in width.
8. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein said at least one expansion joint is a plurality of spaced expansion joints.
9. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein said at least one expansion joint ranges from \xbd inch to 1 inch in width.
10. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein each thread row height is about 3 mm nominal plus or minus 1 mm in height.
11. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein each thread row height is about 7 mm nominal plus or minus 1 mm in height.
12. A building wrap membrane of claim 1, wherein each thread row height is about 11 mm nominal plus or minus 1 mm in height.
13. A water vapor permeable air and moisture barrier rain drainage sheet configured in sheet form that can be applied to a building wall structure comprising a sheet of spunbonded polypropylene sheet member with integral adhesive attachment means formed on the front and back surfaces of said sheet member, a drainage matrix secured to said sheet member on the front surface of said sheet member adjacent said front surface adhesive attachment means, said drainage matrix being comprised of individual thermoplastic threads randomly laid down to form a net and secured together by heat bonding; said thermoplastic threads being formed into spaced rows ranging from about \xbd inch to about 1 inch in width with a substantially uniform height, a plurality of expansion joints in the form of linear spaces are formed across said rows and positioned perpendicular thereto, said drainage matrix being applied to the outer surface of said sheet member leaving a space from said drainage member to an upper edge of said sheet member ranging from 6 inches to 9 inches.
14. A building wrap membrane of claim 13, wherein said expansion joints range from \xbd inch to 1 inch in width.
15. A building wrap membrane of claim 13, wherein each row height is about 3 mm nominal plus or minus 1 mm in height.
16. A building wrap membrane of claim 13, wherein each row height is about 7 mm nominal plus or minus 1 mm in height.
17. A building wrap membrane of claim 13, wherein each row height is about 11 mm nominal plus or minus 1 mm in height.
18. A building wrap membrane of claim 13 wherein said adhesive attachment means is an adhesive tape with a removable cover liner.
19. A building wrap membrane of claim 18 wherein said adhesive tape applied to the front surface of said sheet member ranges from about 2 \xbd inches to about 4 \xbd inches in width.
20. A building wrap membrane of claim 18 wherein said adhesive tape applied to the rear surface of said sheet member ranges from about 1 \xbd inches to about 6 inches in width.
21. A water vapor permeable air and moisture barrier rain drainage sheet configured in sheet form that can be applied to a building wall structure comprising a sheet of spunbonded polypropylene sheet member with integral adhesive attachment means formed on the front and rear surfaces of said sheet member, said adhesive attachment means comprising a permeable pressure sensitive adhesive strip with a release cover, said permeable pressure sensitive adhesive strip being positioned on the top portion of said sheet member front surface and the rear portion of the said rear surface adjacent the bottom of the sheet member, a drainage matrix secured to said sheet member on the front surface of said sheet member adjacent said front sheet permeable adhesive strip, said drainage matrix being comprised of individual thermoplastic threads randomly laid down to form a net and secured together by heat bonding; said thermoplastic threads being formed into spaced parallel rows ranging from about \xbd inch to about 1 inch in width with a plurality of expansion joints formed across said spaced rows and positioned perpendicular thereto, the base of said expansion joints being substantially equal to the base of a channel formed by adjacent rows, said drainage matrix being applied to the outer surface of said sheet member leaving a space from said drainage member to an upper edge of said sheet member ranging from about 6 inches to about 9 inches.

1. A street lamp for providing safe driving information, the street lamp comprising:
a main illumination unit that illuminates a road;
a vehicle reception unit that receives an accident occurrence signal or a malfunction occurrence signal of a disabled vehicle;
a control unit that generates an accident recognition signal or a malfunction recognition signal depending on whether the accident occurrence signal is received or the malfunction occurrence signal is received, the accident recognition signal and the malfunction recognition signal being generated to be distinguishable from each other;
a vehicle transmission unit that selectively transmits the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal to vehicles positioned ahead of or behind an accident spot or a malfunction spot;
a street lamp transmission that selectively transmits the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal to neighboring street lamps ahead and behind with respect a vehicle running direction; and
a street lamp reception unit that receives the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal from the neighboring street lamps ahead and behind with respect a vehicle running direction,
wherein the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal received through the street lamp reception unit is selectively transmitted to the neighboring street lamps ahead and behind with respect to the running direction of the vehicle through the street lamp transmission unit after subtracting 1 from a value of the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal.
2. The street lamp of claim 1, further comprising:
an illumination control unit that outputs different driving signals depending on whether the accident occurrence signal is received or the malfunction occurrence signal is received; and
a warning lamp that emits light of a color corresponding with a driving signal output from the illumination control unit.
3. The street lamp of claim 1, wherein, when an emergency bell provided at a lower side of a street lamp post is pushed, the control unit transmits the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal through the vehicle transmission unit and the street lamp transmission unit.
4. The street lamp of claim 3, further comprising:
a control center communication unit that communicates with a traffic regulating center server to receive an audio signal and an emergency signal; and
an audio transmission unit that transmits the audio signal to the vehicles,
wherein according to the emergency signal, the warning lamp is caused to blink on and off with a color which is different from a color at the time of receiving the accident occurrence signal or the malfunction occurrence signal.
5. The street lamp of claim 1, further comprising:
a broadcast reception unit that receives an Internet broadcast or a radio frequency; and
a broadcast transmission unit that transmits the broadcast signal received through the broadcast reception unit to the vehicles to inform drivers of a traffic situation of the road where the vehicles currently run.
6. A system for providing safe driving information using a street lamp, the system comprising:
the street lamp for providing safe driving information; and
a vehicle equipment part,
wherein the vehicle equipment part comprises:
an accident sensing unit provided in a vehicle to sense accident occurrence;
an wireless transmission unit that, when the accident occurrence is sensed by the accident sensing unit, transmits an accident occurrence signal to the vehicle reception unit of the street lamp;
an wireless reception unit that receives an accident recognition signal transmitted through the vehicle transmission unit of the street lamp;
an alarm unit that, when the wireless reception unit receives the accident recognition signal, notifies a driver of the accident occurrence; and

an emergency button to be capable of being selected by a driver when a vehicle has malfunction, and
wherein, when the emergency button is pushed, a malfunction occurrence signal is transmitted to the vehicle reception unit of the street lamp for providing safe driving information through the wireless transmission unit.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the vehicle equipment part further comprises:
an audio reception unit that notifies the traffic information of the corresponding road transmitted through the audio transmission unit of the street lamp for providing safe driving information; and
a speaker that reproduces the traffic information received through the audio reception unit.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the vehicle equipment part further comprises:
a cancel button that is capable of cancelling the accident occurrence signal or the malfunction occurrence signal after receiving, through the audio reception unit, the confirmation audio signal received by the control unit.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the vehicle equipment part further comprises:
an accident confirmation unit that outputs an audio signal to confirm whether the accident has occurred through the speaker when the signal sensed by the accident sensing unit is lower than a reference signal, senses whether the cancel button is pushed, and cancels the accident occurrence signal when the cancel button is selected.
10. A street lamp for providing safe driving information, the street lamp comprising:
a main illumination unit that illuminates a road;
a vehicle reception unit that receives an accident occurrence signal or a malfunction occurrence signal of a disabled vehicle;
a control unit that generates an accident recognition signal or a malfunction recognition signal depending on whether the accident occurrence signal is received or the malfunction occurrence signal is received, the accident recognition signal and the malfunction recognition signal being generated to be distinguishable from each other,
wherein the control unit transmits a confirmation audio signal that confirms whether the received accident signal or malfunction signal is true or false though the audio transmission unit, and when a cancel signal is received within a predetermined length of time after transmitting the confirmation audio signal, the control unit nullifies the received accident signal or malfunction signal; and

a vehicle transmission unit that selectively transmits the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal to vehicles positioned ahead of or behind an accident spot or a malfunction spot.
11. The street lamp of claim 10, wherein the accident signal or the malfunction signal is nullified before or after transmitting the accident recognition signal or the malfunction recognition signal.
This change was needed for a \u201crequirement\u201d by the PTO that a claim cannot depend from a subsequent claim.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A pulsed polarimeter for conducting remote, non-perturbative diagnostic measurements of inducing fields of a medium demonstrating induced optical activity, the pulse polarimeter comprising:
a light source configured to emit a polarized light pulse having sufficiently narrow spatial extent and at a prescribed wavelength;
a light gathering optical system including:
a light gathering optic having a optic axis directed toward the medium and positioned so that a predetermined solid angle of an emission from the medium is collected and collimated into a collimated emission beam, wherein the light gathering optic preserves the polarization state of the emission;

a directional coupler configured to make coincident the propagation direction of the polarized light pulse with the optic axis of the light gathering optic and direct the polarized light pulse toward the medium; and
a polarization detection system configured to measure the intensity and determine the polarization state of the collimated emission beam continuously in time as the polarized light pulse transits the medium, wherein the intensity and polarization state can be used to determine the inducing fields.
2. The pulsed polarimeter claim 1 wherein the light gathering optical system further comprises a collimating optic configured to collimate the emission from the light gathering optic into the collimated emission beam.
3. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the light source further comprises one or more of:
a laser;
a coherent laser; and
an incoherent light source.
4. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the polarized light pulse emitted from the light source further comprises one or more of:
linearly polarized light;
circularly polarized light; and
elliptically polarized light.
5. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the polarized light pulse emitted from the light source is frequency modulated.
6. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the directional coupler further comprises one of:
a curved or planar reflective surface;
a plane mirror with a hole;
a non-polarizing beamsplitter; and
a frequency selective reflecting surface.
7. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the light gathering optical system further comprises:
a reflecting light gathering optic having a hole on axis with the optic axis and is configured to focus the emission; and
a reflecting collimating optic positioned to receive and collimate the emission into the collimated emission beam that is transmitted through the hole of the light gathering optic.
8. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the light gathering optical system further comprises:
a light gathering optic lens configured to focus the emission; and
a light collimating optic lens positioned to receive and collimate the focused light pulse induced emission into the collimated emission beam.
9. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the polarization preserving optical system further comprises:
a reflecting light gathering optic configured to focus the emission; and
a light collimating optic lens positioned to receive and collimate the focused light pulse induced emission into the collimated emission beam.
10. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the polarization detection system further comprises:
a polarizing beam splitter configured to analyze and separate the collimated emission beam into a first collimated polarized beam and a second collimated polarized beam polarized orthogonally to the first collimated polarized beam;
a first focusing lens configured to receive and focus the first collimated polarized beam;
a second focusing lens configured to receive and focus the second collimated polarized beam;
a first detector positioned to detect the focused first collimated polarized beam and produce an electrical signal that is proportional to the intensity of the first collimated polarized beam; and
a second detector positioned to detect the focused second collimated polarized beam and produce electrical signal that is proportional to the intensity of the second collimated polarized beam.
11. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the optically active medium demonstrating induced optical activity further comprises one of:
a magnetized laboratory plasma and the magneto-optical Faraday effect;
an optically transparent medium demonstrating the magneto-optical Faraday effect;
an optically transparent medium demonstrating the electro-optical Kerr effect; and
an optically transparent medium demonstrating the electro-optic Pockels effect.
12. The pulsed polarimeter of claim 1 wherein the intensity and polarization state can be used to determine the inducing fields further comprises one of:
determine a spatial distribution of an magnetic field along the trajectory of the polarized light pulse when the medium is in a magneto-optically active medium with location given by time-of-flight; and
determine a spatio-temporal development of an electric field along the trajectory of the polarized light pulse when the medium is an electro-optically active medium with location given by time-of-flight.
13. A method of conducting remote, non-perturbative diagnostic measurements of the inducing fields of a medium demonstrating induced optical activity, the method comprising:
generating a polarized light pulse having sufficiently narrow spatial extent and at a prescribed wavelength;
collecting a predetermined solid angle of an emission from the medium along a optic axis of a light gathering optic and collimating the emission into a collimated emission beam while preserving the polarization state of the emission;
making coincident the propagation path of the polarized light pulse with the optic axis of the light gathering optic and directing the polarized light pulse toward the medium; and
determining the inducing fields based on measuring the intensity and determining the polarization state of the collimated emission beam continuously in time as the polarized light pulse transits the medium.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the polarized light pulse further comprises one or more of:
linearly polarized light;
circularly polarized light; and
elliptically polarized light.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein generating the polarized light pulse further comprises frequency modulating the polarized light pulse.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein directing the polarized light pulse toward the optically active medium along the axis of the solid angle further comprises reflecting the polarized light pulse off of a reflective surface.
17. The method of claim 13 wherein collimating the polarized light pulse induced emission further comprises:
gathering the light pulse induced emission; and
reflecting the gathered light pulse induced emission into the collimated emission beam.
18. The method of claim 13 wherein determining the intensity and the polarization state of the collimated emission beam further comprises spatially separating and resolving the collimated emission beam into a first collimated polarized beam and a second collimated polarized beam, wherein the polarization state of the first collimated polarize beam is orthogonal to the polarization state of the second collimated polarized beam.
19. The method of claim 13 wherein the optically active medium further comprises one of:
a magnetized laboratory plasma and the magneto-optical Faraday effect;
an optically transparent medium demonstrating the magneto-optic Faraday effect
an optically transparent medium demonstrating the electro-optical Kerr effect; and
an optically transparent medium demonstrating the electro-optic Pockels effect
20. The method of claim 13 wherein determining the inducing fields further comprises one of:
determining a spatial distribution of an magnetic field along the propagation path of the polarized light pulse when the medium is a magneto-optically active medium with location given by time-of-flight; and
determining a spatio-temporal development of an electric field along the propagation path of the polarized light pulse when the medium is an electro-optically active medium with location given by time-of-flight.