Author: claimsbot

What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A method for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet, the method providing a client, who authors the training courses, release control and secure confidentiality of all contents of the training courses prior to authorized course release by the client and which provides selective control whereby the training courses can only be made available over the Internet by a predetermined training course service provider, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing at least one computer having a browser and an Internet communicating link for use by the authoring client;
b) providing a server which comprises an Internet communicating link for the purpose of communicating with the at least one computer for receiving training course development material and assembling the training material into training courses and which further comprises applets, plug-ins and other software programs for reconfiguring the browser as a training course authoring tool;
c) establishing an application service provider connection between the at least one computer and the server;
d) communicating, as downloading software available from the server, applets, plug-ins and other program software by which the browser is reconfigured to provide a training course authoring tool within the at least one computer for use by the authoring client;
e) as a part of the authoring tool, providing an encrypting key defining program and an encrypting program which encodes all training course material composed by the authoring client to provide a securely encrypted file of all such course material sent to the server to be stored therein;
f) accessing the server via the at least one computer for the purpose of reconfiguring the browser as a training course authoring tool and receiving the encrypting key program;
g) defining a secure encryptingdecrypting key set for selected use with the at least one computer;
h) using the authoring tool to compose training course development material which is at least a portion of a predetermined training course as an Internet transmittable file;
i) encrypting the file;
j) transmitting the file to the server for assembly and storage as an organized, encrypted training course file which can only be used after decryption thus assuring that any such file can only be accessed from the server for use solely by the authoring client.
2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the step of assembling within the server the encrypted transmitted training course file with any other encrypted so transmitted training course files of the predetermined training course to provide an authoring client retrievable file which can only be used in any manner after decryption using the encryptingdecrypting key set, disposed within the at least one computer, thus assuring that the assembled file can only be used as training course material via the server by only the authoring client.
3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising a step of using SSL publicprivate key encrypted transmission for communications between the authoring client and server.
4. The method according to claim 1 comprising an additional step of defining a server based public key file whereby public keys of multiple authors are made available to other authors who are authorized access to training course development files.
5. The method according to claim 1 comprising an additional step of defining a server based tool shed whereby common tools used in a training course is made to multiple authors.
6. The method according to claim 5 comprising an additional step of defining a server base tool control file.
7. The method according to claim 1 comprising an additional step of defining a segment control file whereby multiple authors may cooperate in production of a single training course.
8. The method according to claim 2 comprising the steps of requesting the assembled training course from the server, then receiving and decrypting the training course within a computer having the secure encryptingdecrypting key set, for testing and editing purposes.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein the requesting step comprises defining parameters associated with a desired data transmission rate and characteristics to simulate expected predetermined variations in Internet transmission and reception.
10. The method according to claim 9 comprising a further step of simulating the desired data and transmission and characteristics by the server while sending the assembled training course to the computer through which the requesting step is made.
11. The method according to claim 1 comprising a step of doubly decrypting received data to decode files encrypted by both the encrypting key defining program and as an SSL publicprivate encrypted transmission.
12. The method according to claim 1 comprising a step of transmitting the secure encryptingdecrypting key set to the server, thereby permitting decryption at the server site of the training course file as currently assembled thereat for publishing and distributing a released Internet training course by the server.
13. The method according to claim 1 comprising a step of adding certification testing material to the predetermined training course by the authoring client.
14. The method according to claim 13 further comprising a step of providing, from the server, applets, plug-ins and other programs to at least one computer at a student client site to provide an authoring tool thereat.
15. The method according to claim 14 comprising steps of editing and adapting the certification testing material to meet particular certification requirements at the student client site.
16. The method according to claim 15 comprising step of providing, as a part of the authoring tool, an encrypting key defining program and an encrypting program which encodes all certification testing material composed by an author at the student client site to provide a securely encrypted file of all such certification testing material sent to the server.
17. The method according to claim 16 comprising step of defining a secure student client encryptingdecrypting key set for selected use with the at least one computer at the student client site.
18. The method according to claim 17 comprising step of encrypting the certification testing material using the student client encryptingdecrypting key set.
19. The method according to claim 18 comprising step of composing and transmitting the file to the server for assembly and storage as an organized, encrypted certification course testing file which can only be used after decryption using the secure encryptingdecrypting key set thus assuring that any such file can only be accessed from the server for use solely by the authoring student client.
20. The method according to claim 19 further comprising the step of assembling within the server the encrypted transmitted certification testing course file with any other so encrypted certification testing course files of the predetermined training course to provide an student client retrievable file which can only be used in any manner after decryption using the secure encryptingdecrypting key set, disposed within the at least one computer, thus assuring that the assembled file can only be used as training course material via the server by only the student client.
21. The method according to claim 19 further comprising a step of using SSL publicprivate key encrypted transmission for communications between the authoring client and server.
22. The method according to claim 21 comprising a step of doubly decrypting received data to decode files encrypted by both the encrypting key defining program and as an SSL publicprivate encrypted transmission.
23. The method according to claim 21 comprising a step of transmitting the student client secure encryptingdecrypting key set to the server, thereby permitting decryption at the server site of the certification testing course file as currently assembled thereat for selectively publishing and distributing a released certifying Internet testing course by the server.
24. The method according to claim 1 comprising a further step of accessing and decrypting a training course file for the purpose of editing the training course material at the at least one computer.
25. The method according to claim 24 comprising repeating steps (c) through (j).
26. The method according to claim 1 comprising a further step of establishing an application service provider connection between the at least one computer and a portable remote server over a direct line, said remote server comprising applets, plug-ins and other software programs for reconfiguring the browser as a training course authoring tool.
27. The method according to claim 26 comprising a further step of transmitting applets, plug-ins and other software programs from the remote server to the at least one computer for reconfiguring the browser as a training course authoring tool.
28. The method according to claim 26 comprising steps of down loading an encrypted training course development material file from the server via the Internet to the portable remote server and files for reconfiguring the browser as a training course authoring tool the authoring client using the portable remote server.
29. The method according to claim 28 comprising performing steps (e) through (j) wherein the remote portable server is the server for the at least one computer.
30. The method according to claim 29 comprising a step of transmitting an encrypted training course file over the Internet from the remote portable server to a centrally disposed server to be stored as an encrypted file in the centrally disposed server.
31. The method according to claim 27 comprising a step of transmitting a new encrypted file to the remote server for assembly and storage through the browser which can only be used after decryption using the secure encryptingdecrypting key set, thus assuring that any such file can only be accessed from the remote server for use solely by the authoring client.
32. The method according to claim 30 further comprising the step of assembling within the remote server the encrypted transmitted training course file with any other encrypted so transmitted training course files of the predetermined training course to provide an authoring client retrievable file which can only be used in any manner after decryption using the encrypting key, disposed within the at least one computer, thus assuring that the assembled file can only be used as training course material via the remote server by only the authoring client.
33. The method according to claim 27 further comprising a step of using SSL publicprivate key encrypted transmission for all communications between the authoring client and remote server.
34. The method according to claim 27 comprising the steps of requesting and receiving from the remote server and, then, decrypting within a computer having the encrypting key, for testing and editing purposes, a contemporarily assembled portion of a training course.
35. The method according to claim 27 comprising a step of doubly decrypting received data to decode files encrypted by both the secure encryptingdecrypting key set defining program and as an SSL publicprivate encrypted transmission.
36. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet, whereby a client, who authors the courses, is assured release control and secure confidentiality of all contents of the courses prior to authorized course release by the client and whereby a service provider who distributes the training courses is assured selective control whereby the training courses can only be made available over the Internet by the service provider, said apparatus comprising:
a) at least one computer having a browser and an Internet link for use by the authoring client;
b) a server which comprises a centrally disposed link for communicating through the Internet link with the at least one computer for the purpose of receiving training course development material from the at least one computer;
c) an application service provider connection between the at least one computer and the server;
d) a server software package comprising applets, plug-ins and other programs for reconfiguring the browser to provide a training course authoring tool on the at least one computer for use by the authoring client;
e) said server software package further comprising software for defining a secure encryptingdecrypting key set and an associated encrypting program which encodes training course material composed by the authoring client to provide a secure encrypted file of all such course material sent to the server; and
f) training course material file storage disposed within said server for storing encrypted files of training course material received from the at least one computer, the encrypted files only being able to be decrypted by the at least one computer while the browser is reconfigured as a training course authoring tool and the encrypting key resides in the at least one computer.
37. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 wherein said server comprises an assembler for assembling a plurality of encrypted training course material files into a single encrypted training course file.
38. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 wherein said connection comprises an Internet connection.
39. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 38 wherein said server is a remote server and said connection is a direct connection to said at least one computer.
40. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 39 wherein said remote server comprises an Internet connection to a centrally disposed server.
41. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 wherein said at least one computer is at least two computers.
42. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 41 wherein said software for defining an encrypting key provides a tool shed and access to files addressed via the tool shed.
43. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 wherein said server software package further comprises software for defining authoring keys for the tool shed whereby a part of the training course material created by a predetermined author is selectively only edited by an author having the authoring key.
44. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 wherein said software package comprises a tool shed access program whereby a set of authoring keys are stored within the server to permit authorized access to tool shed and other program development material.
45. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 wherein said software package comprises an encrypting key transfer program whereby the secure encryptingdecrypting key set is transmitted to the server to decrypt the training course file for release and selective distribution over the Internet to student clients.
46. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 further comprising at least one computer having a browser and a communicating link for use by a student client in making a certification testing file associated with the training course.
47. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36
wherein said connection comprises an Internet connection.
48. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 36 wherein said server is a remote server and said connection is a direct connection to said at least one computer.
49. Apparatus for developing, releasing and distributing training courses via the Internet according to claim 48 wherein said remote server comprises an Internet connection to a centrally disposed server.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A plant of soybean variety A1035917, wherein a sample of seed of said variety has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. ______.
2. A plant part of the plant of claim 1, wherein the plant part comprises at least one cell of said plant.
3. The plant part of claim 2, further defined as pollen, a meristem, a cell, or an ovule.
4. A seed of soybean variety A1035917, wherein a sample of seed of said variety has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. ______.
5. A method of producing soybean seed, wherein the method comprises crossing the plant of claim 1 with itself or a second soybean plant.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method is further defined as comprising crossing the plant of soybean variety A1035917 with a second, distinct soybean plant to produce an F1 hybrid soybean seed.
7. An F1 hybrid soybean seed produced by the method of claim 6.
8. An F1 hybrid soybean plant produced by growing the seed of claim 7.
9. A composition comprising the seed of claim 4 comprised in plant seed growth media, wherein a sample of seed of said variety has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. ______.
10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the growth media is soil or a synthetic cultivation medium.
11. A plant produced by introducing a single locus conversion into soybean variety A1035917, or a selfed progeny thereof comprising the single locus conversion, wherein the single locus conversion was introduced into soybean variety A1035917 by backcrossing or genetic transformation and wherein a sample of seed of soybean variety A1035917 has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. ______.
12. The plant of claim 11, wherein the single locus conversion comprises a transgene.
13. A seed that produces the plant of claim 11.
14. The seed of claim 13, wherein the single locus confers a trait selected from the group consisting of male sterility, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, pest resistance, disease resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism, abiotic stress resistance, altered seed amino acid composition, site-specific genetic recombination, and modified carbohydrate metabolism.
15. The seed of claim 13, wherein the single locus confers tolerance to an herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, sulfonylurea, imidazalinone, dicamba, glufosinate, phenoxy proprionic acid, cyclohexanedione, triazine, benzonitrile, PPO-inhibitor herbicides and broxynil.
16. The seed of claim 13, wherein the single locus conversion comprises a transgene.
17. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises:
(a) crossing a plant grown from said F1 hybrid soybean seed with itself or a different soybean plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation;
(b) growing a progeny plant of a subsequent generation from said seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation and crossing the progeny plant of a subsequent generation with itself or a second plant to produce a progeny plant of a further subsequent generation; and
(c) repeating steps (a) and (b) using said progeny plant of a further subsequent generation from step (b) in place of the plant grown from said F1 hybrid soybean seed in step (a), wherein steps (a) and (b) are repeated with sufficient inbreeding to produce an inbred soybean plant derived from the soybean variety A1035917.
18. The method of claim 17, comprising crossing said inbred soybean plant derived from the soybean variety A1035917 with a plant of a different genotype to produce a seed of a hybrid soybean plant derived from the soybean variety A1035917.
19. A method of producing a commodity plant product comprising collecting the commodity plant product from the plant of claim 1.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the commodity plant product is protein concentrate, protein isolate, grain, soybean hulls, meal, flour, or oil.
21. A soybean commodity plant product produced by the method of claim 20, wherein the commodity plant product comprises at least one cell of soybean variety A1035917.

1. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type;
a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region;
a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the second semiconductor region;
a control electrode disposed within the first and second semiconductor regions;
an insulating film between the control electrode and the first and second semiconductor regions;
a first electrode electrically connected with the second semiconductor region and the third semiconductor region;
a second electrode; and
a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type between the second electrode and the first semiconductor region and electrically connected with the second electrode, the fourth semiconductor region including a first portion having a first dopant concentration and a second portion having a second dopant concentration higher than the first dopant concentration, wherein an area of contact of the first portion with the second electrode is larger than an area of contact of the second area with the second electrode.
2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein when an electric current smaller than a saturation current flows between the first electrode and the second electrode, carriers are injected into the first semiconductor region mostly from the first portion, and
when the saturation current flows between the first electrode and the second electrode, the carriers are injected into the first semiconductor region from the first portion and the second portion.
3. The semiconductor device according to claim 2, wherein a relationship S2(S1+S2)\u2266IrcIsc is satisfied, where S1 represents the first contact area, S2 represents the second contact area, Irc represents a rated current of the semiconductor device, and Isc represents a saturation current of the semiconductor device.
4. The semiconductor device according to claim 3, wherein S2(S1+S2) is equal to or smaller than \u2155.
5. The semiconductor device according to claim 4, wherein
the first dopant concentration is equal to or higher than 1\xd71016 cm\u22123 and equal to or lower than 1\xd71018 cm\u22123, and
the second dopant concentration is equal to or higher than 1\xd71018 cm\u22123 and equal to or lower than 1\xd71020 cm\u22123.
6. The semiconductor device according to claim 5, wherein
the first portion has a longer length in a first direction along a contact surface with the second electrode than the second portion.
7. The semiconductor device according to claim 6, wherein
W2(W1+W2) is equal to or smaller than \u2155, where W1 represents the length of the first portion and W2 represents the length of the second portion.
8. The semiconductor device according to claim 7, wherein the length of the second portion is equal to or larger than 0.1 micrometers and equal to or smaller than 10 micrometers.
9. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a fifth semiconductor region of the first conductivity type between the first semiconductor region and the fourth semiconductor region, the fifth semiconductor region having a higher dopant concentration than the first semiconductor region.
10. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the control electrode extends between a lower portion of the first semiconductor region and an upper portion of the third semiconductor region and is insulated from the first, second, and third semiconductor region by an insulating layer.
11. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type;
a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region;
a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the second semiconductor region;
a control electrode disposed within the first and second semiconductor regions;
an insulating film between the control electrode and the first and second semiconductor regions;
a first electrode electrically connected with the second semiconductor region and the third semiconductor region;
a second electrode; and
a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type between the second electrode and the first semiconductor region and electrically connected with the second electrode, the fourth semiconductor region including first and second portions arranged along a first direction, the first portion having a first dopant concentration and the second portion having a second dopant concentration higher than the first dopant concentration and a shorter length in the first direction than the first portion.
12. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, wherein
the first dopant concentration is equal to or higher than 1\xd71016 cm\u22123 and equal to or lower than 1\xd71018 cm\u22123, and
the second dopant concentration is equal to or higher than 1\xd71018 cm\u22123 and equal to or lower than 1\xd71020 cm\u22123.
13. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, wherein
W2(W1+W2) is equal to or smaller than \u2155, where W1 represents the length of the first portion and W2 represents the length of the second portion.
14. The semiconductor device according to claim 11, further comprising:
a fifth semiconductor region of the first conductivity type between the first semiconductor region and the fourth semiconductor region, the fifth semiconductor region having a higher dopant concentration than the first semiconductor region.
15. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first semiconductor region of a first conductivity type;
a second semiconductor region of a second conductivity type on the first semiconductor region;
a third semiconductor region of the first conductivity type on the second semiconductor region;
a control electrode disposed within the first and second semiconductor regions;
an insulating film between the control electrode and the first and second semiconductor regions;
a first electrode electrically connected with the second semiconductor region and the third semiconductor region;
a second electrode; and
a fourth semiconductor region of the second conductivity type between the second electrode and the first semiconductor region and electrically connected with the second electrode, the fourth semiconductor region including a first portion having a first dopant concentration and a second portion having a second dopant concentration higher than the first dopant concentration, wherein an area of contact of the first portion with the second electrode is larger than an area of contact of the second area with the second electrode, and a height of the first portion in a direction that extends from the second electrode to the first electrode is smaller than a height of the second portion in the same direction.
16. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein
the first dopant concentration is equal to or higher than 1\xd71016 cm\u22123 and equal to or lower than 1\xd71018 cm\u22123, and
the second dopant concentration is equal to or higher than 1\xd71018 cm\u22123 and equal to or lower than 1\xd71020 cm\u22123.
17. The semiconductor device according to claim 16, wherein
W2(W1+W2) is equal to or smaller than \u2155, where W1 represents a length of the first portion in a direction along a contact surface with the second electrode and W2 represents a length of the second portion in a direction along a contact surface with the second electrode.
18. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a fifth semiconductor region of the first conductivity type between the first semiconductor region and the fourth semiconductor region, and the fifth semiconductor region having a higher dopant concentration than the first semiconductor region.
19. The semiconductor device according to claim 18, wherein the first portion is in contact with the fifth semiconductor region and the second portion is not in contact with the fifth semiconductor region.
20. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, wherein the first portion is in contact with the first semiconductor region and the second portion is not in contact with the first semiconductor region.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for directly growing a non-Ga-polar surface of gallium nitride (GaN), comprising:
placing a seed crystal of GaN having an exposed non-Ga-polar surface of GaN into an autoclave;
placing a mineralizer into the autoclave;
placing a source into the autoclave;
adding ammonia to the autoclave;
heating the autoclave; and
ammonothermally growing the GaN in the heated autoclave, using the mineralizer, source and ammonia, wherein the exposed non-Ga-polar surface of the GaN is smoother than a Ga-polar surface of the GaN.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mineralizer is selected from a group comprising NaNH2, KNH2, LiNH2, NH4Cl, NH4Br, and NH4I.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the source comprises polycrystalline GaN.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the autoclave is heated in zones.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein a first zone is heated to a first temperature and a second zone is heated to a second temperature.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the source is placed in the first zone and the seed crystal of GaN having the exposed non-Ga polar surface of GaN is placed in the second zone.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-Ga polar surface is an N-polar C-plane (000-1) surface.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-Ga polar surface is an M-plane {10-10} surface.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-Ga polar surface is an A-plane {11-20} surface.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-Ga polar surface is a {10-11} surface.
11. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-Ga polar surface is a {10-1-1} surface.
12. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-Ga polar surface is a {11-22} surface.
13. The method of claim 6, wherein the non-Ga polar surface is a {11-2-2} surface.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the source comprises Ga metal.
15. A method of fabricating a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, comprising:
ammonothermally growing a GaN substrate resulting in an exposed N-polar (N-face) or M-plane surface that is smoother than a Ga-polar (Ga-face) surface of the GaN substrate.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the N-polar (N-face) or M-plane surface is smooth enough for growth of device layers.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the N-polar (N-face) or M-plane surface is smooth enough for direct growth of device layers.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the N-polar (N-face) or M-plane surface is smooth enough for direct growth of device layers without subsequent processing.
19. A method of fabricating an opto-electronic device comprising:
fabricating a GaN substrate from a GaN bulk crystal grown ammonothermally on a GaN seed, wherein a growth surface of the GaN bulk crystal is not a Ga-polar surface and the growth surface as grown is smoother than a Ga-polar surface; and
growing one or more group III nitride layers on the growth surface of the GaN substrate.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the growing step comprises:
growing a plurality of n-type group III nitride layers on the growth surface;
growing at least one group III nitride light-emitting active layer on the plurality of n-type group III nitride layers; and
growing at least one p-type group III nitride layer having an Mg doping on the active layers.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein an Mg concentration of the Mg-doped layer is more than 1021cm\u22123.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the growth surface is an M-plane {10-10} surface.
23. The method of claim 19, wherein the growth surface is an A-plane {11-20} surface.
24. The method of claim 19, wherein the growth surface is a {10-11} surface.
25. The method of claim 19, wherein the growth surface is a {10-1-1} surface.
26. The method of claim 19, wherein the growth surface is a {11-22} surface.
27. The method of claim 19, wherein the growth surface is a {11-2-2} surface.
28. The method of claim 19, wherein the growth surface is a {20-21} surface.
29. A method for fabricating a GaN layer, comprising:
utilizing an N-polar surface or an M-plane surface of the GaN layer as a growth surface, wherein the N-polar surface or the M-plane surface is prepared using an ammonothermal growth technique.
30. The method of claim 29, further comprising growing one or more group-III nitride layers to the N-polar or M-plane surface of the GaN layer.
31. A method for growing a group-III nitride layer, comprising:
ammonothermally growing a group-III nitride layer on a substrate, wherein the group-III nitride layer comprises an N-face of a C-plane (000-1) or a M-plane {10-10} that is directly exposed as a result of the growth of the group-III nitride layer.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the N-face of the C-plane (000-1) or the M-plane {10-10} is substantially co-planar with a surface of the substrate.
33. The method of claim 31, wherein the N-face of the C-plane (000-1) or the M-plane {10-10} is tilted with respect to a surface of the substrate.
34. The method of claim 31, wherein the N-face of the C-plane (000-1) or the M-plane {10-10} is tilted at an angle less than 10 degrees with respect to the surface of the substrate.
35. The method of claim 31, wherein the N-face of the C-plane (000-1) or the M-plane {10-10} directly accepts growth of at least one additional group-III nitride layer.
36. A method for fabricating a GaN substrate, comprising:
directly growing a GaN substrate with an exposed N-face or M-plane surface that is of device quality using an ammonothermal growth method.
37. The method of claim 36, further comprising growing a group-III nitride layer on the substrate, wherein the group III nitride layer comprises an N-face of a C-plane (000-1) or M-plane {10-10} that is directly exposed as a result of the growth of the group-III nitride layer.
38. The method of claim 36, wherein the N-face or M-plane is substantially co-planar with the plane of the substrate, rather than substantially perpendicular.
39. The method of claim 36, wherein the N-face or M-plane is slightly misaligned with the plane of the substrate.
40. The method of claim 36, wherein the group-III nitride layer directly accepts growth of at least one additional group-III nitride layer.