1. A method for carrier phase recovery of a carrier wave modulated with a plurality of information symbols, the method comprising:
receiving a digital signal corresponding to an information symbol, wherein the information symbol represents data; and
performing a coarse phase recovery using the digital signal, wherein the performing the coarse phase recovery comprises:
generating a first estimate of an optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by performing a coarse blind phase search;
generating a second estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the first estimate of the optimal phase angle into a first maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block; and
generating a third estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the second estimate of the optimal phase angle into a second maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating a second estimate of the optimal phase angle precedes the generating the third estimate of the optimal phase angle.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier wave is modulated with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and the performing the coarse blind phase search comprises testing fewer than M test phase angles.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier wave is an optical carrier wave.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a fourth estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the third estimate of the optimal phase angle into a third maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the generating the third estimate of the optimal phase angle precedes the generating the fourth estimate of the optimal phase angle k.
7. An apparatus for carrier phase recovery of a carrier wave modulated with a plurality of information symbols, the apparatus comprising:
a processor; and
a memory to store computer program instructions,
the computer program instructions, when executed on the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a digital signal corresponding to an information symbol, wherein the information symbol represents data; and
performing a coarse phase recovery using the digital signal, wherein performing the coarse phase recovery comprises:
generating a first estimate of an optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by performing a coarse blind phase search;
generating a second estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the first estimate of the optimal phase angle into a first maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block; and
generating a third estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the second estimate of the optimal phase angle into a second maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the generating a second estimate of the optimal phase angle precedes the generating the third estimate of the optimal phase angle.
9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the carrier wave is modulated with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and the performing the coarse blind phase search comprises testing fewer than M test phase angles.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, the operations further comprising:
generating a fourth estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the third estimate of the optimal phase angle into a third maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the generating the third estimate of the optimal phase angle precedes the generating the fourth estimate of the optimal phase angle.
12. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer program instructions for carrier phase recovery of a carrier wave modulated with a plurality of information symbols, which, when executed on a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
receiving a digital signal corresponding to an information symbol, wherein the information symbol represents data; and
performing a coarse phase recovery using the digital signal, wherein the performing the coarse phase recovery comprises:
generating a first estimate of an optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by performing a coarse blind phase search;
generating a second estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the first estimate of the optimal phase angle into a first maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block; and
generating a third estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the second estimate of the optimal phase angle into a second maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block.
13. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein the generating a second estimate of the optimal phase angle precedes the generating the third estimate of the optimal phase angle.
14. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein the carrier wave is modulated with M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and the performing the coarse blind phase search comprises testing fewer than M test phase angles.
15. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, wherein the processor performs further operations comprising:
generating a fourth estimate of the optimal phase angle corresponding to the digital signal by inputting the digital signal and the third estimate of the optimal phase angle into a third maximum likelihood phase recovery and decoding block.
16. A non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein the generating the third estimate of the optimal phase angle precedes the generating the fourth estimate of the optimal phase angle.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for targeting users, the method comprising:
receiving, at a server, one or more content objects and one or more ZIP+4 codes as targeting parameters for the one or more content objects;
using one or more computers, retrieving personal information of a plurality of users;
using one or more computers, identifying one or more of the plurality of users located in geographic areas corresponding to the one or more ZIP+4 codes based, at least in part, on the personal information;
using one or more computers, compiling a target user list using the personal information and based on the one or more ZIP+4 codes; wherein the target user list comprises user identifiers of the one or more users;
using one or more computers, associating the target user list with the one or more content objects in a network addressable content targeting system by mapping the content objects to the user identifiers of the one or more users;
receiving one or more targeting criteria at a server;
sending the one or more targeting criteria to an information furnisher; and
responsive to sending the one or more targeting criteria, receiving the one or more ZIP+4 codes corresponding to the targeting criteria.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the user identifier is one of an email address, a username, a screen name, a user identity (ID), an open ID Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and an alias name.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the content object is one of an image, text, a video, a sound clip, an animated graphics interchange format (GIF) object, a flash object, a web page and a URL.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising presenting the one or more content objects to the users comprised in the target user list based on the association of the target user list with the one nr more object.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more ZIP+4 codes comprise at least a minimum number of individuals satisfying the one or more targeting criteria.
6. The method of claim 5 further comprising:
receiving, at the server, an indication of the minimum number of individuals required to satisfy the one or more targeting criteria in each of the one or more ZIP+4 codes; and
sending the indication to the information furnisher.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the targeting criteria is one or more of demographic criteria, psychographic criteria, behavioral criteria and geographic criteria.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein mapping the content objects to the user identifiers of the one or more users is based on a commonality between the one or more ZIP+4 codes as targeting parameters and the one or more ZIP+4 codes associated with the geographic areas of the users.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the content objects based on a context of the content objects indicated by metadata associated with the content objects and context of a web page requested by the user.
10. A system for targeting users for content provision, the system comprising:
one or more network interfaces;
at least one processor;
a memory; and
computer program code stored in a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer program code, when executed, is operative to cause the at least one processor to:
receive at a server, one or more content objects and one or more ZIP+4 codes as targeting parameters for the one more content object;
retrieve personal information of a plurality of users;
identify one or more of the plurality of users located in geographic areas corresponding to the one or more ZIP+4 codes based, at least in part, on the personal information;
compile a target user list using the personal information and based on the one or more ZIP+4 codes; wherein the target user list comprises user identifiers of the one or more users;
associate the target user list with the one or more content objects in a network addressable content targeting system by mapping the content objects to the user identifiers of the one or more users;
receive one or more targeting criteria at a server;
send the one or more targeting criteria to an information furnisher; and
responsive to sending the one or more targeting criteria, receive the one or more ZIP+4 codes corresponding to the targeting criteria.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the user identifier is one of an email address, a username, a screen name, a user identity (ID), an open ID Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and an alias name.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein the content object is one of an image, text, a video, a sound clip, an animated graphics interchange format (GIF) object, a flash object, a web page and a URL.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the computer program code is further operative to present the one or more content objects to the users comprised in the target user list based on the association of the target user list with the one or more content objects.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein each of the one or more ZIP+4 codes comprise at least a minimum number of individuals satisfying the one or more targeting criteria.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein the computer program code is further operative to cause the at least one processor to:
receive, at the server, an indication of the minimum number of individuals required to satisfy the one or more targeting criteria in each of the one or more ZIP+4 codes; and
send the indication to the information furnisher.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the targeting criteria is one or more of demographic criteria, psychographic criteria, behavioral criteria and geographic criteria.
17. A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium encoded with computer-executable instructions for targeting users for content provision, the computer-executable instructions, when executed, cause one or more processors to:
receive at a server, one or more content objects and one or more ZIP+4 codes as targeting parameters for the one or more content objects;
retrieve personal information of a plurality of users;
identify one or more of the plurality of users located in geographic areas corresponding to the one or more ZIP+4 codes based, at least in part, on the personal information;
compile a target user list using the personal information and based on the one or more ZIP+4 codes; wherein the target user list comprises user identifiers of the one or more users;
associate the target user list with the one or more content objects in a network addressable content targeting system by mapping the content objects to the user identifiers of the one or more users;
receive one or more targeting criteria at a server;
send the one or more targeting criteria to an information furnisher; and responsive corresponding the one or more targeting criteria, receive the one or more ZIP+4 codes corresponding to the targeting criteria.
18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the user identifier is one of an email address, a username, a screen name, a user identity (ID), an open ID Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and an alias name.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the content object is one of an image, text, a video, a sound clip, an animated graphics interchange format (GIF) object, a flash object, a web page and a URL.
20. The computer program product of claim 17 further comprising computer-executable instructions operable to cause the one or more processors to present the one or more content objects to the users comprised in the target user list based on the association of the target user list with the one or more content objects.
21. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein each of the one or more ZIP+4 codes comprise at least a minimum number of individuals satisfying the one or more targeting criteria.
22. The computer program product of claim 21, wherein the computer program code is further operative to cause the at least one processor to:
receive, at the server, an indication of the minimum number of individuals required to satisfy the one or more targeting criteria in each of the one or more ZIP+4 code; and
send the indication to the information furnisher.
23. The computer program product of claim 21, wherein the targeting criteria is one or more of demographic criteria, psychographic criteria, behavioral criteria and geographic criteria.