Author: claimsbot

1. A method, comprising:
receiving an Ethernet frame;
processing a layer 2 frame header of the received Ethernet frame;
classifying the received Ethernet frame based on one of a set three priority bits in a tag field of the layer 2 frame header of the received Ethernet frame;
determining a per-hop behavior based on the classification;
determining a presence of congestion based on the other two of the set of three priority bits;
allocating a link bandwidth among multiple virtual local area networks (VLANs) based on the per-hop behavior; and
throttling traffic until congestion abates.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising conditioning the frame.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein conditioning includes determining a forwarding treatment for the frame based on the per-hop behavior.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining a forwarding treatment for the frame includes determining a discard treatment.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the forwarding treatment is based on an Ethernet differentiated services class specified by the one of the set of three priority bits used for the classifying.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the Ethernet differentiated services class includes at least one of Ethernet expedited forwarding, Ethernet assured forwarding, Ethernet class selector, and Ethernet default forwarding.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein conditioning includes determining a bandwidth profile based on the classification.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising metering the frame based on the bandwidth profile.
9. The method of claim 2, wherein conditioning comprises marking a header of the frame with a per-hop-behavior indication.
10. The method of claim 2, wherein conditioning comprises setting the priority bits in the frame to a particular combination.
11. The method of claim 2, wherein conditioning comprises mapping the per-hop behavior of the frame between multiple domains.
12. The method of claim 2, wherein conditioning comprises mapping the Ethernet per-hop behaviors to a set of indicator bits in a frame according to a different network protocol.
13. The method of claim 2, wherein conditioning includes encapsulating the frame for delivery on a core node.
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising forwarding the frame based on the determined per-hop behavior.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the congestion indication includes at least one of a forward congestion indication and a backward congestion indication.
16. A device, comprising:
input circuitry configured to receive an Ethernet frame; and
a networking circuitry configured to:
process a layer 2 frame header of the received Ethernet frame;
classify the received Ethernet frame based on one of a set of three priority bits in a tag field of the layer 2 frame header of the received Ethernet frame, the classification including determining a per-hop behavior based on the classification;
determine a presence of congestion based on the other two of the set of three priority bits;
allocate a link bandwidth among multiple virtual local area networks (VLANs) based on the per-hop behavior; and
throttle traffic until congestion abates.
17. The device of claim 16, wherein the networking circuitry is further configured to condition the frame.
18. The device of claim 16, further comprising circuitry configured to determine a bandwidth profile based on the classification.
19. The device of claim 16, further comprising marker circuitry configured to mark the frame header with a particular per-hop-behavior indication.
20. The device of claim 19, further comprising a shaper circuitry configured to receive a frame from the marker circuitry and determine a behavior based on the per-hop behavior.
21. The device of claim 20, wherein the shaper circuitry includes a dropper circuit.
22. The device of claim 19, wherein the marker circuitry is configured to set the priority bits in the frame to a particular combination.
23. The device of claim 16, further comprising frame meter circuitry.
24. The device of claim 23, wherein the frame meter circuitry is configured to determine temporal properties of a set of frames.
25. The device of claim 16, further comprising circuitry configured to map the per-hop behavior of the frame between the multiple VLANs.
26. The device of claim 16, wherein the networking circuitry is configured to encapsulate the frame for delivery on a core node.
27. The device of claim 16, wherein the networking circuitry is configured to set a set of bits included in the frame to a particular combination based on the determined per hop behavior.
28. The device of claim 16, wherein the networking circuitry is configured to determine a forwarding treatment for the frame based on the per-hop behavior.
29. The device of claim 16, wherein the Ethernet frame includes a canonical format indicator bit providing a class of service indication.
30. A computer program product, tangibly embodied in a non-transient computer readable storage medium, for executing instructions on a processor, the computer program product comprising instructions to cause a machine to:
receive an Ethernet frame;
process a layer 2 frame header of the Ethernet frame;
classify the Ethernet frame based on one of a set of three priority bits in a tag field of the layer 2 frame header of the received Ethernet frame;
determine a per-hop behavior based on the classification;
determine a presence of congestion based on the other two of the set of three priority bits;
allocate a link bandwidth among multiple virtual local area networks (VLANs) based on the per-hop behavior; and
throttle traffic until congestion abates.
31. The computer program product of claim 30, further comprising instructions to cause a machine to condition the frame based on the per-hop behavior.
32. The computer program product of claim 31, wherein instructions to cause a machine to condition the frame include instructions to cause a machine to determine a forwarding treatment for the frame based on the per-hop behavior.
33. The computer program product of claim 31, wherein instructions to cause a machine to condition the frame include instructions to cause a machine to mark a header of the frame with a per-hop behavior indication.
34. The computer program product of claim 31, further comprising instructions to cause a machine to forward the frame based on the determined per-hop behavior.
35. The computer program product of claim 31, wherein instructions to cause a machine to condition the frame include instructions to cause a machine to set the priority bits in the frame to a particular combination.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A microactuator comprising a fixed portion and a movable portion that is provided in such a way as to be movable relative to said fixed portion between a first position at which it is in contact with a predetermined portion of said fixed portion and a second position away from said first position, characterized in that:
said fixed portion has a first electrode portion;
said movable portion has a second electrode portion that can produce an electrostatic force between it and said first electrode portion by a voltage between it and said first electrode portion; and
said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that a first force that biases said movable portion in a direction toward said first position according to said electrostatic force created when said voltage is constant reaches a peak when said movable portion is at a third position between said first position and said second position.
2. A microactuator according to claim 1 characterized in that said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that said first and second electrode portions substantially do not overlap each other when seen in the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions.
3. A microactuator comprising a fixed portion and a movable portion that is provided in such a way as to be movable relative to said fixed portion between a first position at which it is in contact with a predetermined portion of said fixed portion and a second position away from said first position, characterized in that:
said fixed portion has a first electrode portion;
said movable portion has a second electrode portion that can produce an electrostatic force between it and said first electrode portion by a voltage between it and said first electrode portion; and
said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that said first and second electrode portions substantially do not overlap each other when seen in the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions.
4. A microactuator according to claim 1 characterized in that each of said first and second electrode portions has a substantially plane symmetric shape with respect to at least one same plane containing the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions.
5. A microactuator according to claim 1 characterized in that the microactuator is designed in such a way that a second force that biases said movable portion in a direction from said first position toward said second position can be generated.
6. A microactuator according to claim 5 characterized in that said movable portion is provided in such a way that a spring force that tends to return to said second position is regenerated as said second force.
7. A microactuator according to claim 5 characterized in that the microactuator is provided with generation means that generates a third force different from said first and second forces in said movable portion.
8. A microactuator according to claim 6 characterized in that the microactuator is provided with generation means that generates a third force different from said first and second forces in said movable portion.
9. A microactuator according to claim 8 characterized in that said generation means comprises a current path that is provided in said movable portion and disposed in a magnetic field and generates a Lorentz force when supplied with a current.
10. A microactuator according to claim 9 characterized in that said generation means comprises a current path that is provided in said movable portion and disposed in a magnetic field and generates a Lorentz force when supplied with a current.
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. A microactuator according to claim 2 characterized in that each of said first and second electrode portions has a substantially plane symmetric shape with respect to at least one same plane containing the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions.
14. A microactuator according to claim 2 characterized in that the microactuator is designed in such a way that a second force that biases said movable portion in a direction from said first position toward said second position can be generated.
15. A microactuator according to claim 14 characterized in that said movable portion is provided in such a way that a spring force that tends to return to said second position is regenerated as said second force.
16. A microactuator according to claim 14 characterized in that the microactuator is provided with generation means that generates a third force different from said first and second forces in said movable portion.
17. A microactuator according to claim 15 characterized in that the microactuator is provided with generation means that generates a third force different from said first and second forces in said movable portion.
18. A microactuator according to claim 17 characterized in that said generation means comprises a current path that is provided in said movable portion and disposed in a magnetic field and generates a Lorentz force when supplied with a current.
19. A microactuator according to claim 18 characterized in that said generation means comprises a current path that is provided in said movable portion and disposed in a magnetic field and generates a Lorentz force when supplied with a current.
20. A microactuator according to claim 3 characterized in that each of said first and second electrode portions has a substantially plane symmetric shape with respect to at least one same plane containing the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions.
21. A microactuator according to claim 3 characterized in that the microactuator is designed in such a way that a second force that biases said movable portion in a direction from said first position toward said second position can be generated.
22. A microactuator according to claim 21 characterized in that said movable portion is provided in such a way that a spring force that tends to return to said second position is regenerated as said second force.
23. A microactuator according to claim 21 characterized in that the microactuator is provided with generation means that generates a third force different from said first and second forces in said movable portion.
24. A microactuator according to claim 22 characterized in that the microactuator is provided with generation means that generates a third force different from said first and second forces in said movable portion.
25. A microactuator according to claim 24 characterized in that said generation means comprises a current path that is provided in said movable portion and disposed in a magnetic field and generates a Lorentz force when supplied with a current.
26. A microactuator according to claim 25 characterized in that said generation means comprises a current path that is provided in said movable portion and disposed in a magnetic field and generates a Lorentz force when supplied with a current.
27. An optical apparatus comprising a microactuator and a driven member,
wherein said microactuator includes a fixed portion and a movable portion that is provided in such a way as to be movable relative to said fixed portion between a first position at which it is in contact with a predetermined portion of said fixed portion and a second position away from said first position,
said fixed portion has a first electrode portion,
said movable portion has a second electrode portion that can produce an electrostatic force between it and said first electrode portion by a voltage between it and said first electrode portion, and
said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that a first force that biases said movable portion in a direction toward said first position according to said electrostatic force created when said voltage is constant reaches a peak when said movable portion is at a third position between said first position and said second position, and
wherein said driven member is mounted on said movable portion of said microactuator and includes an optical element.
28. An optical apparatus according to claim 27 characterized in that said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that said first and second electrode portions substantially do not overlap each other when seen in the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions.
29. An optical switch comprising a microactuator and a driven member,
wherein said microactuator includes a fixed portion and a movable portion that is provided in such a way as to be movable relative to said fixed portion between a first position at which it is in contact with a predetermined portion of said fixed portion and a second position away from said first position,
said fixed portion has a first electrode portion,
said movable portion has a second electrode portion that can produce an electrostatic force between it and said first electrode portion by a voltage between it and said first electrode portion, and
said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that a first force that biases said movable portion in a direction toward said first position according to said electrostatic force created when said voltage is constant reaches a peak when said movable portion is at a third position between said first position and said second position, and
wherein said driven member is mounted on said movable portion of said microactuator and includes a mirror.
30. An optical switch according to claim 29 characterized in that said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that said first and second electrode portions substantially do not overlap each other when seen in the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions.
31. An optical apparatus comprising a microactuator and a driven member,
wherein said microactuator includes a fixed portion and a movable portion that is provided in such a way as to be movable relative to said fixed portion between a first position at which it is in contact with a predetermined portion of said fixed portion and a second position away from said first position,
said fixed portion has a first electrode portion,
said movable portion has a second electrode portion that can produce an electrostatic force between it and said first electrode portion by a voltage between it and said first electrode portion, and
said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that said first and second electrode portions substantially do not overlap each other when seen in the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions, and
wherein said driven member is mounted on said movable portion of said microactuator and includes an optical element.
32. An optical switch comprising a microactuator and a driven member,
wherein said microactuator includes a fixed portion and a movable portion that is provided in such a way as to be movable relative to said fixed portion between a first position at which it is in contact with a predetermined portion of said fixed portion and a second position away from said first position,
said fixed portion has a first electrode portion,
said movable portion has a second electrode portion that can produce an electrostatic force between it and said first electrode portion by a voltage between it and said first electrode portion, and
said first and second electrode portions are arranged in such a way that said first and second electrode portions substantially do not overlap each other when seen in the direction of movement of said movable portion between said first and second positions, and
wherein said driven member is mounted on said movable portion of said microactuator and includes a mirror.

1. A compound having the structure (B) or an N-oxide, N,N\u2032-dioxide, N,N\u2032,N\u2033-trioxide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
wherein:
each of Z1, Z2 and Z3 is independently selected from a group consisting of N, and N\u2014R4, wherein R4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,
X is absent or is NH; and
Y is absent or is selected from a group consisting of the following moieties:
R1 is an unsubstituted or a substituted C3-C12 heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms;
R2 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1-C18 alkyl, \u2014OH, NO2, \u2014CN, C1-C18 alkoxy, \u2014NHSO2R5, \u2014SO2NHR5, \u2014NHCOR5, \u2014NH2, \u2014NR5R6, \u2014S(O)R5, S(O)2R5, \u2014CO2R5, \u2014CONR5R6, wherein R5 and R6 are independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C18alkyl, and a substituted C1-C12 alkyl; and
R3 is selected from a group consisting of a C1-C18 alkyl, a substituted C1-C12 alkyl, a C1-C12 cycloalkyl, a substituted C1-C12 cycloalkyl, a substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl having 0-3 heteroatoms, an C6-C12 aryl, a substituted C6-C12 aryl, a heterocycle, a substituted heterocycle, a C3-C12 heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms, a substituted C3-C12 heteroaryl having 1-3 heteroatoms, a C7-C24 aralkyl, a substituted C7-C24 aralkyl, a C7-C24 alkylaryl, and a substituted C7-C24 alkaryl.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of:
R3 is selected from the group consisting of:
n is an integer selected from a group consisting of 0, 1, 2, and 3, and
R\u2032 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, a C1-C18 alkyl, and a substituted C1-C18 alkyl.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound having structure (B) is selected from a group consisting of compounds having the following formulae:
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
5. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
6. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
7. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
8. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
9. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
10. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
11. The compound of claim 3, wherein the compound has the formula:
12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as set forth in claim 1, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. The compound of claim 1, wherein Y is
14. A compound represented by:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or N-oxides thereof.
15. A composition comprising the compound of claim 14, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of increasing a first specific productivity of a recombinant antibody or fragment thereof in a first cell, comprising co-expressing said antibody or fragment thereof with adenovirus GAM1 or a fragment andor variant thereof, wherein said first specific productivity is greater for said antibody or fragment thereof compared with a second specific productivity of the same antibody or fragment thereof expressed in a second cell, wherein said adenovirus GAM1 or fragment andor variant thereof is not expressed.
2. (canceled)
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said antibody is humanized or is fully human.
4. (canceled)
5. (canceled)
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said antibody is a domain antibody.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said first cell is a mammalian cell.
8. (canceled)
9. The method of claim 7, wherein said first cell is a CHO cell.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said first cell comprises an artificial chromosome.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said first cell comprises episome DNA.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein said first and second cell are the same.
13. (canceled)
14. The method of claim 1, wherein adenovirus GAM1 is wild type.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein said adenovirus GAM1 is avian.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein said first cell is stably transfected with DNA encoding said antibody or antibody fragment and DNA encoding said adenovirus GAM1 or fragment andor variant thereof.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein said first cell is stably transfected with DNA encoding said antibody or antibody fragment and DNA encoding said adenovirus GAM1 or fragment andor variant thereof is expressed from a vector in said first cell.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein said adenovirus GAM1 or fragment andor variant thereof is present in more than one copy.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein said adenovirus GAM1 is a variant of wild type adenovirus GAM1.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein said variant of wild type adenovirus GAM1 increases the specific productivity of said monoclonal antibody or fragment thereof more than wild type adenovirus GAM1.
21. The method of claim 1, wherein said first cell is sequentially or simultaneously transfected with DNA encoding said antibody or antibody fragment and DNA encoding said adenovirus GAM1 or fragment andor variant thereof.
22. (canceled)
23. A method of increasing integral viable cells of a first cell culture comprising co-expressing an antibody or fragment thereof with adenovirus GAM1 or a fragment andor variant thereof in at least one cell of said first cell culture wherein said integral viable cells of said first cell culture is greater compared with the integral viable cells of a second cell culture, wherein said adenovirus GAM1 or fragment andor variant thereof is not expressed.
24-42. (canceled)
43. A method of creating an expression stable, viable cell line comprising transfecting at least one mammalian cell with DNA encoding adenovirus GAM1 or a variant andor fragment thereof wherein said expression stable, viable cell line comprises said at least one mammalian cell.
44. The method of claim 43, wherein said cell line remains viable and expression stable over at least about 60 passages.
45. The method of claim 44, wherein at least 1 passage occurs every 3 to 4 days.
46. The method of claim 43, wherein said cell line remains viable and expression stable for at least 210 days.
47. (canceled)
48. The method of claim 43, wherein said at least one mammalian cell is sequentially transfected with DNA encoding an antibody or fragment thereof.
49. The method of claim 43, wherein at least one mammalian cell is simultaneously or sequentially co-transfected with DNA encoding said adenovirus GAM1 or a fragment or variant thereof and DNA encoding an antibody or fragment thereof.
50-52. (canceled)
53. An expression stable, viable cell line comprising DNA encoding adenovirus GAM1 or a fragment andor a variant thereof and capable of producing a monoclonal antibody or fragment andor variant thereof.