Author: claimsbot

1. A method of advising clients of a certificate authority trust level of a certificate authority on a device having a processor, the method comprising:
executing on the processor instructions that cause the device to:
responsive to receiving a certificate issued by the certificate authority for a domain:
evaluate the certificate to verify a certificate authenticity of the certificate;
upon verifying the certificate authenticity of the certificate, raise a certificate authority trust level of the certificate authority in a certificate authority trust set; and
upon failing to verify the certificate authenticity of the certificate, reduce the certificate authority trust level of the certificate authority in the certificate authority trust set; and

distribute the certificate authority trust set to the clients.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the certificate is issued by the certificate authority for a domain; and
evaluating the certificate further comprises: comparing the certificate with a second certificate issued by the certificate authority for the domain.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the certificate is associated with a revocation by the certificate authority of the second certificate.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the certificate is received from at least one client to which the certificate was transmitted by a domain; and
evaluating the certificate further comprises: determining a client count of clients that received the certificate from the domain.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein evaluating the certificate to verify the certificate authenticity further comprises: evaluating a historic submission rate of the certificate from the clients that received the certificate from the domain.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the certificate is issued by a certificate authority sequence comprising at least two certificate authorities beginning with a root certificate authority; and
evaluating the certificate to verify the certificate authenticity further comprises: evaluating the respective certificate authorities in the certificate authority sequence.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein evaluating the certificate authority sequence further comprises: evaluating a certificate authorities count of certificate authorities in the certificate authority sequence.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein evaluating the certificate authority sequence further comprises: evaluating a certificate authority type of the respective certificate authorities in the certificate authority sequence.
9. A certificate authority trust server that advise clients of a certificate authority trust level of a certificate authority, the server comprising:
a processor;
a memory;
a certificate evaluator comprising instructions stored in the memory that, when executed on the processor, cause the server to, responsive to receiving a certificate issued by the certificate authority for a domain:
evaluate the certificate to verify a certificate authenticity of the certificate;
upon verifying the certificate authenticity of the certificate, raise a certificate authority trust level of the certificate authority in a certificate authority trust set; and
upon failing to verify the certificate authenticity of the certificate, reduce the certificate authority trust level of the certificate authority in the certificate authority trust set; and

a certificate authority trust distributor comprising instructions stored in the memory that, when executed on the processor, cause the server to distribute the certificate authority trust set to the clients.
10. The server of claim 9, wherein the certificate evaluator evaluates the certificate to verify the certificate authenticity according to a certificate scope of the certificate.
11. The server of claim 10, wherein the certificate scope of the certificate further comprises a domain count of domains for which the certificate is issued by the certificate authority.
12. The server of claim 10, wherein the certificate scope of the certificate further comprises a subdomain wildcard of the certificate.
13. The server of claim 9, wherein:
the certificate is issued by the certificate authority on behalf of a domain; and
the certificate evaluator further evaluates the certificate to verify the certificate authenticity by:
determining a domain type of the domain; and
evaluating the certificate in view of the domain type of the domain.
14. The server of claim 13, wherein determining the domain type of the domain further comprises: evaluating a domain name of the domain name to determine the domain type.
15. The server of claim 13, wherein determining the domain type of the domain further comprises:
retrieving a resource hosted by the domain; and
determining the domain type of the domain according to the resource hosted by the domain.
16. A memory device storing instructions that, when executed on a processor of a computing device, cause the computing device to advise clients of a certificate authority trust level of a certificate authority on a device having a processor, by:
responsive to receiving a certificate issued by the certificate authority for a domain:
evaluating the certificate to verify a certificate authenticity of the certificate;
upon verifying the certificate authenticity of the certificate, raising a certificate authority trust level of the certificate authority in a certificate authority trust set; and
upon failing to verify the certificate authenticity of the certificate, reducing the certificate authority trust level of the certificate authority in the certificate authority trust set; and

distributing the certificate authority trust set to the clients.
17. The memory device of claim 16, wherein:
the certificate is issued by the certificate authority using a certification technique; and
evaluating the certificate to verify the certificate authenticity further comprises:
evaluating a certification reliability of the certification technique used by the certificate authority of the certificate.
18. The memory device of claim 17, wherein executing the instructions further causes the computing device to, upon detecting a vulnerability of a compromised certification technique, advise at least one certificate authority not to use the compromised certification technique to issue certificates.
19. The memory device of claim 18, further comprising: upon determining that a certificate using the compromised certification technique was issued by a selected certificate authority after advising the selected certificate authority not to use the compromised certification technique, reduce the certificate authority trust level of the certificate authority in the certificate authority trust set.
20. The memory device of claim 18, further comprising: notifying the clients not to trust certificates using the compromised certification technique.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A power line communication (PLC) device switchable between noise detecting and filtering functions, comprising:
a power receiving port having an end connected to a power supply unit so as to receive a power signal transmitted from the power supply unit and a network signal carried by the power signal;
a filtering unit having a first end connected to an opposite end of the power receiving port;
a power output port having an end connected to a second end of the filtering unit and an opposite end electrically connected to a load so as to provide to the load the power signal transmitted from the filtering unit, and so as for the filtering unit to filter out noise generated in the power signal by the load;
a switching unit comprising a first connecting end, a second connecting end, and a control end, the first connecting end being connected to the first end of the filtering unit, the second connecting end being connected to the second end of the filtering unit, the control end being switchable to a state in which the control end is in conduction with only the first connecting end or the second connecting end; and
a processing unit connected to the control end and comprising a bridge module and a detection module, wherein when the control end of the switching unit is in conduction with the first connecting end, the noise generated in the power signal by the load is filtered out by the filtering unit, so as for the bridge module to, after receiving the power signal transmitted from the power receiving port, correctly convert the power signal into the network signal and transmit the network signal to a network apparatus; and when the control end of the switching unit is in conduction with the second connecting end, the detection module receives the power signal transmitted from the power output port and detects a level of the noise generated in the power signal by the load.
2. The power line communication device of claim 1, wherein the processing unit further comprises a display module, the display module being connected to the detection module so that the detection module can, after detecting the level of the noise generated in the power signal by the load, display a detection result through the display module.
3. The power line communication device of claim 2, wherein the bridge module is connected to the network apparatus through a physical connecting line so as to deliver the network signal to the network apparatus.
4. The power line communication device of claim 2, wherein the bridge module delivers the network signal to the network apparatus by wireless transmission.
5. A power line communication (PLC) device switchable between noise detecting and filtering functions, comprising:
a power receiving port having an end connected to a power supply unit so as to receive a power signal transmitted from the power supply unit and a network signal carried by the power signal;
a filtering unit having a first end connected to an opposite end of the power receiving port;
a switching unit comprising a first connecting end, a second connecting end, and a control end, the first connecting end being connected to the first end of the filtering unit, the second connecting end being connected to a second end of the filtering unit, the control end being switchable to a state in which the control end is in conduction with only the first connecting end or the second connecting end;
a power output port having an end connected to the control end and an opposite end connected to a load; and
a processing unit connected to the first end of the filtering unit and comprising a detection module and a bridge module, wherein once the control end of the switching unit is switched into conduction with the first connecting end, the detection module receives the power signal transmitted from the power output port and detects a level of noise generated in the power signal by the load; and once the control end is switched into conduction with the second connecting end, the noise generated in the power signal by the load is filtered out by the filtering unit, so as for the bridge module to, after receiving the power signal transmitted from the power receiving port, correctly convert the power signal into the network signal and transmit the network signal to a network apparatus.
6. The power line communication device of claim 5, wherein the processing unit further comprises a display module, the display module being connected to the detection module so that the detection module can, after detecting the level of the noise generated in the power signal by the load, display a detection result through the display module.
7. The power line communication device of claim 6, wherein the bridge module is connected to the network apparatus through a physical connecting line so as to deliver the network signal to the network apparatus.
8. The power line communication device of claim 6, wherein the bridge module delivers the network signal to the network apparatus by wireless transmission.
9. A power line communication (PLC) device switchable between noise detecting and filtering functions, comprising:
a power receiving port having an end connected to a power supply unit so as to receive a power signal transmitted from the power supply unit and a network signal carried by the power signal;
a filtering unit having a first end connected to an opposite end of the power receiving port;
a switching unit comprising a first connecting end, a second connecting end, and a control end, the first connecting end being connected to the first end of the filtering unit, the second connecting end being connected to a second end of the filtering unit, the control end being switchable to a state in which the control end is in conduction with only the first connecting end or the second connecting end; and
a processing unit connected to the control end and comprising a bridge module and a detection module, wherein when the control end of the switching unit is in conduction with the first connecting end, the processing unit is directly connected to the power receiving port, thus allowing the detection module to detect a level of noise in the power signal; and when the control end of the switching unit is in conduction with the second connecting end, the processing unit is connected to the power receiving port through the filtering unit so as for the filtering unit to filter out the noise in the power signal, and for the bridge module to, after receiving the power signal transmitted from the power receiving port, correctly convert the power signal into the network signal and transmit the network signal to a network apparatus.

1. A volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus comprised of:
a valve housing;
at least one volumetric pressure vessel component;
a velocity fuse assembly;
an inflow aperture; and
an outflow aperture;
wherein the shape and size of said at least one volumetric pressure vessel compartment changes to maximize the shut-off of fluid flow.
2. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which includes multiple volumetric pressure vessel components.
3. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 2 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel components are connected in a series configuration.
4. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 2 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel components are connected in a parallel configuration.
5. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein the thickness of said valve housing is proportional to the volumetric pressure of the hydraulic system in which said volumetric pressure vessel valve is used.
6. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein the diameters of said inflow aperture and said outflow aperture are proportional to the Reynolds number representation.
7. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which further includes a spring.
8. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which further includes a snap ring.
9. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 which further includes a spool.
10. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 9 which further includes a spool housing threaded to said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component and a washer between said spool housing and said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component.
11. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein fluid accumulates in said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component.
12. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein said valve housing further includes a tool contour for engaging tools.
13. The volumetric pressure vessel valve apparatus of claim 1 wherein said at least one volumetric pressure vessel component is of a configuration selected from the group consisting of square, tubular, round, spiral, ribbed, multi-channeled, sieved, and angular.
14. A hydraulic system resistant to fluid surges comprised of:
multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves each comprised of:
a valve housing;
at least one volumetric pressure vessel component;
a velocity fuse assembly;
an inflow aperture; and
an outflow aperture.
15. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves are connected in series.
16. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves are connected in parallel.
17. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein at least one of said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves is located in the pressure supply side of said hydraulic system.
18. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein at least one of said multiple volumetric pressure vessel valves is located in the lower volume subsystem of said hydraulic system.
19. The hydraulic system of claim 14 wherein said hydraulic system further includes equipment having at least one reservoir, said equipment selected from the group consisting of a bulldozer, backhoe, crane, oil rig and mining equipment.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A chain extender composition which comprises
(i) an aromatic primary diamine, and
(ii) a component selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an aliphatic secondary diamine;
(b) an aliphatic primary diamine;
(c) an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine;
(d) a diimine; and
(e) a combination of any two or more of (a) through (d),

with the proviso that when (ii) is (a), (a) has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and with the proviso that when (ii) is (d), and (d) is an aromatic diimine, each imino hydrocarbylidene group has at least two carbon atoms.
2. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of one phenyl ring having two amino groups on the ring, which amino groups are meta or para relative to each other.
3. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one amino group on each ring.
4. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (i) is a mixture of 2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine and 4,6-diethyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
5. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring, and wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring.
6. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
7. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-TCD diamine.
8. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
9. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
10. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein the aliphatic secondary diamine either
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring,
wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring; or
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
11. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic secondary diamine is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-3(4),8(9)-bis-(aminomethyl)-tricyclo5.2.1.0(2,6)decane.
12. A composition as in claim 1 wherein (ii) is an aromatic diimine which is either in the form of one phenyl ring having two imino groups on the ring, in which each position ortho to an imino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, or is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one imino group on each ring, in which each position ortho to an imino group bears a hydrocarbyl group.
13. A process for producing a polymer, which process comprises mixing together (A) at least one aromatic polyisocyanate, (B) at least one polyol andor at least one polyetheramine, and (C) a chain extender comprised of
(i) an aromatic primary diamine, and
(ii) a component selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an aliphatic secondary diamine;
(b) an aliphatic primary diamine;
(c) an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine;
(d) a diimine; and
(e) a combination of any two or more of (a) through (d),

with the proviso that when (ii) is (a), (a) has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and with the proviso that when (ii) is (d), and (d) is an aromatic diimine, each imino hydrocarbylidene group has at least two carbon atoms.
14. A process as in claim 13 wherein said polyisocyanate is 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, and wherein (B) is at least one polyetheramine.
15. A process as in claim 13 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of one phenyl ring having two amino groups on the ring, which amino groups are meta or para relative to each other.
16. A process as in claim 13 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one amino group on each ring.
17. A process as in claim 13 wherein (i) is a mixture of 2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine and 4,6-diethyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
18. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring, and wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring.
19. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
20. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-TCD diamine.
21. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
22. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein the aliphatic secondary diamine either
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring,
wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring; or
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
23. A process as in claim 13 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic secondary diamine is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-3(4),8(9)-bis-(aminomethyl)-tricyclo5.2.1.0(2,6)decane.
24. A process as in claim 13 wherein a quasiprepolymer is formed during the process.
25. A process as in claim 13 wherein a prepolymer is formed during the process.
26. A polymer which is formed from ingredients comprising (A) at least one aromatic polyisocyanate, (B) at least one polyol andor at least one polyetheramine, and (C) a chain extender comprised of
(i) an aromatic primary diamine, and
(ii) a further component selected from the group consisting of:
(a) an aliphatic secondary diamine;
(b) an aliphatic primary diamine;
(c) an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine;
(d) a diimine; and
(e) a combination of any two or more of (a) through (d),

with the proviso that when (ii) is (a), (a) has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and with the proviso that when (ii) is (d), and (d) is an aromatic diimine, each imino hydrocarbylidene group has at least two carbon atoms.
27. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein said polyisocyanate is 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, and wherein (B) is at least one polyetheramine.
28. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of one phenyl ring having two amino groups on the ring, which amino groups are meta or para relative to each other.
29. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (i) is an aromatic primary diamine in which each position ortho to an amino group bears a hydrocarbyl group, and which aromatic primary diamine is in the form of two phenyl rings connected by an alkylene bridge and having one amino group on each ring.
30. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (i) is a mixture of 2,4-diethyl-6-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine and 4,6-diethyl-2-methyl-1,3-benzenediamine.
31. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring, and wherein at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring.
32. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine which has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups, and wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
33. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-TCD diamine.
34. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic primary diamine has at least one of the following features:
the hydrocarbyl portion of the diamine is cyclic or a straight chain;
the aliphatic primary diamine has about four to about ten carbon atoms.
35. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein the aliphatic secondary diamine either
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
wherein the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine has a single ring,
and at least one of the amino groups is bound directly to a ring; or
has amino hydrocarbyl groups which are secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl groups,
and the hydrocarbyl portion of the aliphatic secondary diamine is a straight chain.
36. A polymer as in claim 26 wherein (ii) is an aliphatic secondary diamine and an aliphatic primary diamine, and wherein said aliphatic secondary diamine is N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-1,6-diaminohexane, N,N\u2032-di-2-(4-methylpentyl)-isophoronediamine, or N,N\u2032-di-(3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl)-3(4),8(9)-bis-(aminomethyl)-tricyclo5.2.1.0(2,6)decane.