Author: claimsbot

1. An apparatus for storing and transferring content, the apparatus comprising:
an interface configured to send and receive messages through a communications medium, the interface including a first cryptographic function for protecting messages being sent, and a second cryptographic function for verifying received messages;
a memory storing at least a current content, a respective unique identifier of the storage media, and a log of content transfers; and
a controller operatively coupled to the interface and the memory, the controller operating under control of instruction code to execute a Transfer-In process to record a transfer of message content to the storage media, and to execute a Transfer-Out process to record a transfer of message content from the storage media:
wherein the Transfer-In process comprises steps of:
receiving, via the interface, a content transfer message including at least a message content to be transferred
determining, using the second cryptographic function, a validity of the received content transfer message;
determining, using the log, whether the received content transfer message is likely a duplicate;
if the received content transfer message is valid and is not a duplicate, increasing the current content by the message content to be transferred and recording information of the content transfer in the log; and

wherein the Transfer-Out process comprises steps of:
receiving, via the interface, a content transfer request message including at least a message content to be transferred;
determining whether the current content is equal to or greater than the message content to be transferred, and if it is, then generating a content transfer message including the message content to be transferred, decreasing the current content by the message content amount to be transferred; recording information of the content transfer in the log, and using the first cryptographic function to protect the generated content transfer message.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each storage media comprises any one of:
a physical storage media; and
a virtual storage media instantiated and maintained by a server.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communications medium comprises any one or more of:
a network;
a communications device connected to the network and connected to a respective storage media via the interface, the communications device hosting the storage media for communications through the network; and
a direct link between the storage media and a terminal or another storage media.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the network is the internet.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the communications device is selected from the list comprising Personal Data Assistants (PDAs); cell phones, hand-held computers and lap-top computers.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the direct link is a wireless link.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the terminal is selected from the list comprising merchant’s point-of-sale devices, self-service kiosks and \u201ctouch-and-go\u201d terminals.
8-9. (canceled)
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein each transfer request message contains a challenge word, and wherein detecting a likely duplicate transfer request message comprises:
for each content transfer process completed by the controller, storing the challenge word contained in the respective transfer request message, as part of the information of the content transfer stored in the log; and
upon receipt of a new transfer request message, comparing the respective challenge word contained in the new transfer request message to challenge words already stored in the log.
11-31. (canceled)
32. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first cryptographic function comprises applying a digital signature to the message being sent, and wherein the second cryptographic function comprises determining a validity of a digital signature included in a received message.
33. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the information recorded in the log comprises a digest of each transfer message.
34. The apparatus as claimed in claim 33, wherein the digest comprises a hash of the respective transfer message.
35. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a display operatively connected to the controller, such that the controller can display information including the current content.
36. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein the display is a touch-screen for receiving user input.
37. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, further comprising at least one button for receiving user input.
38. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein the transfer-out process comprises comparing the message content to be transferred to a user-input content, and generating the transfer message only if the message content to be transferred matches the user-input content.
39. The apparatus as claimed in claim 35, wherein the received transfer request message includes a message content to be transferred having a null value, and wherein the transfer-out process comprises generating the transfer message using the user-input content as the message content to be transferred.
40. An electronic content exchange system comprising:
a communications medium; and
at least two storage media in accordance with claim 1.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A polymer electrolyte containing a block copolymer comprising one or more blocks having sulfonic acid groups and one or more blocks having substantially no sulfonic acid group, and at least one block among all the blocks is a block having aromatic rings in the main chain thereof.
2. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein the blocks having sulfonic acid groups have a structure where the sulfonic acid groups are directly bonded to the aromatic rings.
3. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocks having sulfonic acid groups are blocks composed of the repeating units represented by the general formula 1 into which sulfonic acid groups have been introduced:
8
in the formula, X represents O, S, NH or direct bond, R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and a is an integer from 0 to 3, and when a plurality of R1s are present, these may be the same or different.
4. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 3, wherein X is O in the general formula 1.
5. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocks having sulfonic acid groups are blocks composed of the repeating units represented by the general formula 2 into which sulfonic acid groups have been introduced:
9
in the formula, Ar1 represents a group selected from the following structures,
10
in the formulae, R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a phenoxy group, b is an integer from 0 to 4, and c is an integer from 0 to 6, and when a plurality of R2s are present, these may be the same or different.
6. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocks having sulfonic acid groups are blocks composed of an epoxy resin into which sulfonic acid groups have been introduced.
7. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 6, wherein the blocks having sulfonic acid groups are blocks having a repeating unit represented by the general formula 3 into which sulfonic acid groups have been introduced:
11
in the formula 3, Ar2 represents a group selected from the following structures,
12
in the formulae, R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, d is an integer from 0 to 3, and e is an integer from 0 to 2; when a plurality of R3s are present, these may be the same or different; Y represents O, S, an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkylenedioxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and when a plurality of Ys are present, these may be the same or different.
8. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocks having substantially no sulfonic acid group are aromatic polyethers having a repeating unit represented by the general formula 4:
13
in the formula, R4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; f is an integer from 0 to 4; when a plurality of R4s are present, these may be the same or different; and Z represents CO or SO2.
9. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 8, wherein Z is SO2 in the general formula 4.
10. The polymer electrolyte according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of the block having substantially no sulfonic acid group is from 60 to 95% by weight based on the weight of the whole block copolymer.
11. A method for producing a polymer electrolyte of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of: reacting a precursor of a block having repeating units represented by the general formula 1, 2 or 3, with a precursor of a block having a repeating unit represented by the general formula 4 to produce a block copolymer; and then sulfonating said copolymer.
12. The method for producing a polymer electrolyte according to claim 11, wherein it comprises a step of sulfonating the block copolymer with sulfuric acid having a concentration of 90% or more.
13. A fuel cell obtainable by using a polymer electrolyte of any one of claims 1 to 10.

1. A folding ball trolley comprising:
a frame having
two main rod assemblies arranged apart from each other; each main rod assembly having
two main rods pivotally connected to each other;

four top seats respectively and pivotally mounted on the four main rods of the main rod assemblies;
four bottom seats respectively and pivotally mounted on the four main rods of the main rod assemblies, and disposed below the top seats;
two connecting rod assemblies mounted between the main rod assemblies, and arranged apart from each other; the main rod assemblies and the connecting rod assemblies connected into a rectangle; each connecting rod assembly having
two connecting rods pivotally connected to each other; each connecting rod having
a top end pivotally connected to one of the top seats on one of the main rod assemblies; and
a bottom end pivotally connected to one of the bottom seats on the other main rod assembly; and
four wheels respectively mounted on bottom ends of the four main rods of the main rod assemblies; and

a bag mounted on the frame, connected to the main rods of the main rod assemblies, and having an inner space and an opening;
wherein
each top seat has
a top abutting surface inclined downward, and selectively abutting the main rod on which the top seat is mounted; and

each bottom seat has
a bottom abutting surface inclined upward, and selectively abutting the main rod on which the bottom seat is mounted.
2. A folding ball trolley comprising:
a frame having
two main rod assemblies arranged apart from each other; each main rod assembly having
two main rods pivotally connected to each other;

four top seats respectively and pivotally mounted on the four main rods of the main rod assemblies;
four bottom seats respectively and pivotally mounted on the four main rods of the main rod assemblies, and disposed below the top seats;
two connecting rod assemblies mounted between the main rod assemblies, and arranged apart from each other; the main rod assemblies and the connecting rod assemblies connected into a rectangle; each connecting rod assembly having
two connecting rods pivotally connected to each other; each connecting rod having
a top end pivotally connected to one of the top seats on one of the main rod assemblies; and
a bottom end pivotally connected to one of the bottom seats on the other main rod assembly; and
four wheels respectively mounted on bottom ends of the four main rods of the main rod assemblies; and

a bag mounted on the frame, connected to the main rods of the main rod assemblies, and having an inner space and an opening;
wherein
each top seat has
a top abutting surface inclined downward, and selectively abutting the connecting rod connected to the top seat; and

each bottom seat has
a bottom abutting surface inclined upward, and selectively abutting the connecting rod connected to the bottom seat.
3. A folding ball trolley comprising:
a frame having
two main rod assemblies arranged apart from each other; each main rod assembly having
two main rods pivotally connected to each other;

four top seats respectively and pivotally mounted on the four main rods of the main rod assemblies;
four bottom seats respectively and pivotally mounted on the four main rods of the main rod assemblies, and disposed below the top seats;
two connecting rod assemblies mounted between the main rod assemblies, and arranged apart from each other; the main rod assemblies and the connecting rod assemblies connected into a rectangle; each connecting rod assembly having
two connecting rods pivotally connected to each other; each connecting rod having
a top end pivotally connected to one of the top seats on one of the main rod assemblies; and
a bottom end pivotally connected to one of the bottom seats on the other main rod assembly; and
four wheels respectively mounted on bottom ends of the four main rods of the main rod assemblies; and

a bag mounted on the frame, connected to the main rods of the main rod assemblies, and having an inner space and an opening;
wherein
each top seat has
two top abutting surfaces inclined downward; one of the top abutting surfaces selectively abutting the main rod on which the top seat is mounted; the other top abutting surface selectively abutting the connecting rod connected to the top seat; and

each bottom seat has
two bottom abutting surfaces inclined upward; one of the bottom abutting surfaces selectively abutting the main rod on which the bottom seat is mounted; the other bottom abutting surface selectively abutting the connecting rod connected to the bottom seat.
4. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3, wherein
each top seat has
four pivot walls; two of the pivot walls of the top seat respectively disposed in opposite sides of one of the top abutting surfaces, and pivotally connected to the main rod on which the top seat is mounted; the other two pivot walls of the top seat respectively disposed in opposite sides of the other top abutting surface, and pivotally connected to the connecting rod connected to the top seat; and

each bottom seat has
four pivot walls; two of the pivot walls of the bottom seat respectively disposed in opposite sides of one of the bottom abutting surfaces, and pivotally connected to the main rod on which the bottom seat is mounted; the other two pivot walls of the bottom seat respectively disposed in opposite sides of the other bottom abutting surface, and pivotally connected to the connecting rod connected to the bottom seat.
5. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3, wherein
each top seat has a top long segment and a top short segment perpendicularly connected to each other; the top abutting surfaces of the top seat are respectively disposed in an end of the top long segment and an end of the top short segment; the four top seats respectively are two first top seats and two second top seats; the first top seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other; the second top seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other;
the top long segment and the top short segment of each first top seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the main rod on which the first top seat is mounted and the connecting rod connected to the first top seat;
the top long segment and the top short segment of each second top seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the connecting rod connected to the second top seat and the main rod on which the second top seat is mounted;
each bottom seat has a bottom long segment and a bottom short segment perpendicularly connected to each other; the bottom abutting surfaces of the bottom seat are respectively disposed in an end of the bottom long segment and an end of the bottom short segment; the four bottom seats respectively are two first bottom seats and two second bottom seats; the first bottom seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other; the second bottom seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other;
the bottom long segment and the bottom short segment of each first bottom seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the connecting rod connected to the first bottom seat and the main rod on which the first bottom seat is mounted;
the bottom long segment and the bottom short segment of each second bottom seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the main rod on which the second bottom seat is mounted and the connecting rod connected to the second bottom seat; and
the first top seats are respectively disposed aligned with and above the first bottom seats.
6. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 4, wherein
each top seat has a top long segment and a top short segment perpendicularly connected to each other; the top abutting surfaces of the top seat are respectively disposed in an end of the top long segment and an end of the top short segment; the four top seats respectively are two first top seats and two second top seats; the first top seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other; the second top seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other;
the top long segment and the top short segment of each first top seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the main rod on which the first top seat is mounted and the connecting rod connected to the first top seat;
the top long segment and the top short segment of each second top seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the connecting rod connected to the second top seat and the main rod on which the second top seat is mounted;
each bottom seat has a bottom long segment and a bottom short segment perpendicularly connected to each other; the bottom abutting surfaces of the bottom seat are respectively disposed in an end of the bottom long segment and an end of the bottom short segment; the four bottom seats respectively are two first bottom seats and two second bottom seats; the first bottom seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other; the second bottom seats are disposed diagonally opposite to each other;
the bottom long segment and the bottom short segment of each first bottom seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the connecting rod connected to the first bottom seat and the main rod on which the first bottom seat is mounted;
the bottom long segment and the bottom short segment of each second bottom seat are respectively and pivotally connected to the main rod on which the second bottom seat is mounted and the connecting rod connected to the second bottom seat; and
the first top seats are respectively disposed aligned with and above the first bottom seats.
7. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3, wherein the top seats and the bottom seats are the same in structure.
8. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 6, wherein the top seats and the bottom seats are the same in structure.
9. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3 further comprising two engaging rod assemblies respectively mounted on the connecting rod assemblies; each engaging rod assembly having two engaging rods and an engager; outer ends of the engaging rods respectively and pivotally connected to the connecting rods of the connecting rod assembly; inner ends of the engaging rods pivotally connected to each other; the engager pivotally connected to one of the engaging rods, and selectively engaging with the other engaging rod.
10. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 8 further comprising two engaging rod assemblies respectively mounted on the connecting rod assemblies; each engaging rod assembly having two engaging rods and an engager; outer ends of the engaging rods respectively and pivotally connected to the connecting rods of the connecting rod assembly; inner ends of the engaging rods pivotally connected to each other; the engager pivotally connected to one of the engaging rods, and selectively engaging with the other engaging rod.
11. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main rods and the connecting rods are square tubes.
12. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 10, wherein the main rods and the connecting rods are square tubes.
13. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main rods and the connecting rods are made by aluminum extrusion.
14. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 12, wherein the main rods and the connecting rods are made by aluminum extrusion.
15. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3, wherein
the bag has
a first outer surface;
a second outer surface opposite to the first outer surface; and
four mounting segments; two of the mounting segments mounted facing to each other on the first outer surface; the other two mounting segments mounted facing to each other on the second outer surface; each mounting segment being elongated, inclined downward from an outer end to an inner end and having an inner space and an opening; and

the main rods are respectively mounted in the mounting segments of the bag.
16. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 14, wherein
the bag has
a first outer surface;
a second outer surface opposite to the first outer surface; and
four mounting segments; two of the mounting segments mounted facing to each other on the first outer surface; the other two mounting segments mounted facing to each other on the second outer surface; each mounting segment being elongated, inclined downward from an outer end to an inner end and having an inner space and an opening; and

the main rods are respectively mounted in the mounting segments of the bag.
17. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 3 further comprising a fastening belt mounted on the bag and selectively surrounding and fastening the four main rods of the frame.
18. The folding ball trolley as claimed in claim 16 further comprising a fastening belt mounted on the bag and selectively surrounding and fastening the four main rods of the frame.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A flexible display apparatus comprising;
a first film including a first surface and a second surface that are opposite each other, and a first groove formed in the first surface, the first film having a first rigidity;
a third, film on the second surface of the first film;
a fourth film facing the third film;
an emission display unit between and encapsulated by the third film and the fourth film; and
a second film on the fourth film and facing the first film, the second film having a second rigidity that is less than the first rigidity,
wherein the emission display unit comprises a pixel electrode on the third film, an organic emission layer on the pixel electrode, and an opposite electrode on the organic emission layer,
wherein the fourth film is on the opposite electrode,
wherein a width of the first groove is at least two times greater than a thickness of the first film, and
wherein the first film is bendable by at least 90 degrees at the first groove.
2. The flexile display apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the flexible display apparatus comprises a neutral portion in which is tensile stress and a compressive stress are not incurred by a force when the force capable of bending the flexible display apparatus is applied to the flexible display apparatus, and
wherein the emission display unit is positioned at the neutral portion.
3. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a bending portion configured to be bent, wherein the first groove is positioned at the bending portion.
4. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first groove includes a plurality of grooves.
5. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first groove has a V-shape.
6. The flexible display apparatus of claim 5, wherein a depth h1 of the first groove satisfies an equation:
0<h1\u2266t1,

where t1 is the thickness of the first film.
7. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first film is divided by the first groove into a first region and a second region, and a portion of the third film is exposed at a region corresponding to the first groove.
8. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an elastic member in the first groove.
9. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second film includes a third surface adjacent to the fourth film, and a fourth surface opposite the third surface and having a second groove formed therein.
10. The flexible display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the third film has flexibility, and the fourth film is formed as a thin film comprising a multi-layered inorganic or an inorganic film and an organic film.
11. A method of manufacturing a flexible display apparatus, the method comprising:
forming a third film on a supporting substrate;
forming an emission display unit on the third film;
forming a fourth film on the emission display unit;
forming a second film having a second rigidity on the fourth film;
separating the supporting substrate from the third film; and
forming a first film on a surface of the third film opposite to another surface of the third film on which the emission display unit is formed, wherein the first film has a first rigidity greater than the second rigidity and comprises a second surface adjacent to the third film, and a first surface that is opposite to the second surface and has a first groove,
wherein the emission display unit comprises a pixel electrode on the third film, an organic emission layer on the pixel electrode, and an opposite electrode on the Organic emission layer,
wherein the fourth film is on the opposite electrode,
wherein a width of the first groove is at least two times greater than a thickness of the first film, and
wherein the first film is bendable by at least 90 degrees at the first groove.
12. The method of claim 11,
wherein the flexible display apparatus comprises a neutral portion in which a tensile stress and a compressive stress are not incurred by a force when the force capable of bending the flexible display apparatus is applied to the flexible display apparatus, and
wherein the emission display unit is positioned at the neutral portion.
13. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the first film comprises forming the first film having the first groove such that the first groove is positioned at a bending portion formed in the flexible display apparatus to allow the flexible display apparatus to be bent.
14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first groove includes a plurality of grooves.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first groove has a V-shape.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein as depth h1 of the first groove satisfies an equation:
0<h1\u2266t1,

where t1 is the thickness of the first film.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein the first film is divided by the first groove into a first region and a second region, and a portion of the third film is exposed at a region corresponding to the first groove.
18. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming an elastic member in the first groove.
19. The method of claim 11, wherein the second film has a third surface adjacent to the fourth film, and a fourth surface opposite the third surface and having a second groove formed therein.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein the third film has flexibility, and the fourth film is formed as a thin film comprising a multi-layered inorganic film, or an inorganic film and an organic film.