Author: claimsbot

1. A direct retinal display for displaying an image on the retina of an eye with a wide field of view comprising:
a scan source that is arranged to generate a scanned optical beam in two dimensions over a scan angle in each dimension, the scanned optical beam being modulated with the image;
a diverging reflector in the path of the scanned optical beam that is arranged to reflect the scanned optical beam incident on the diverging reflector outwardly with a magnified scan angle; and
a converging reflector in the path of the reflected scanned optical beam that is arranged to reflect the scanned optical beam, having a magnified scan angle, substantially toward a convergence spot at the pupil of the eye for reconstruction and display of the image on the retina with a wide field of view.
2. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the diverging reflector at least partially comprises a spherical reflecting surface in the path of the scanned optical beam such that the scanned optical beam incident on the spherical reflecting surface is reflected at an altered angle to magnify the scan angle to create the wide field of view.
3. A direct retinal display according to claim 2 wherein the diverging reflector is a hemispherical reflector.
4. A direct retinal display according to claim 2 wherein the diverging reflector is a spherical reflector.
5. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the converging reflector at least partially comprises a substantially elliptical reflecting surface in the path of the scanned optical beam reflected from the diverging reflector such that the scanned optical beam incident on the substantially elliptical reflecting surface is reflected substantially toward the convergence spot at the pupil of the eye.
6. A direct retinal display according to claim 5 wherein the converging reflector is an elliptical reflector.
7. A direct retinal display according to claim 5 wherein the converging reflector is a quasi-elliptical reflector that is shaped to reduce any misconvergence of the scanned optical beam at the pupil of the eye that is caused by the shape of the diverging reflector.
8. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan source comprises an optical beam generator for generating an optical beam, a modulator for imparting an image pixel on the optical beam at each position in the scan, and a scanner for redirecting the optical beam in two dimensions over a scan angle in each dimension.
9. A direct retinal display according to claim 8 wherein the optical beam generator comprises an arrangement of lasers.
10. A direct retinal display according to claim 8 wherein the optical beam generator of the scanner comprises an arrangement of light emitting diodes.
11. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan source is arranged to non-linearly scan the optical beam over the scan angle in each dimension to compensate for any non-linear magnification of the scan angle at the diverging reflector to thereby ensure the image is displayed on the retina correctly.
12. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan source is arranged to non-linearly pre-distort the image to compensate for any non-linear magnification of the scan angle at the diverging reflector to thereby ensure the image is displayed on the retina correctly.
13. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan source is arranged to scan the optical beam in two dimensions to generate a conical bundle of optical beams.
14. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan source is arranged to scan a two-dimensional image on the retina of the eye.
15. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan source is arranged to adjust the focus of the optical beam in accordance with the relative depth of each pixel of the image in order to display a three-dimensional image on the retina of the eye.
16. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the converging reflector is partially reflective and partially transparent to enable images to be superimposed onto real life scenes for augmented reality.
17. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the convergence spot is large enough to substantially cover the pupil of the eye to reduce the effects of movement of the eye.
18. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the field of view produced at the eye in the horizontal direction relative to the eye is at least 80 degrees.
19. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the field of view produced at the eye in the horizontal direction relative to the eye is at least 100 degrees.
20. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the field of view produced at the eye in the horizontal direction relative to the eye is at least 120 degrees.
21. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the field of view produced at the eye in the vertical direction relative to the eye is at least 60 degrees.
22. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the field of view produced at the eye in the vertical direction relative to the eye is at least 80 degrees.
23. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the field of view produced at the eye in the vertical direction relative to the eye is at least 90 degrees.
24. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the resolution of the images displayed is at least 800 pixels in the horizontal direction by at least 600 pixels in the vertical direction.
25. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the resolution of the images displayed is at least 1280 pixels in the horizontal direction by at least 1024 pixels in the vertical direction.
26. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the resolution of the images displayed is at least 8000 pixels in the horizontal direction by at least 5000 pixels in the vertical direction.
27. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan angle in either dimension is at least 2 degrees.
28. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan angle in either dimension is at least 5 degrees.
29. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan angle in either dimension is magnified by at least 20 times.
30. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the scan angle in either dimension is magnified by at least 25 times.
31. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the display is for displaying an image on the retinas of two eyes and comprises two converging reflectors, one for each eye, and the scan source is arranged to generate two scanned optical beams, modulated with the image, in two dimensions over a scan angle in each dimension toward opposite sides of a diverging reflector located between the converging reflectors, the diverging reflector being arranged to reflect each scanned optical beam, with a magnified scan angle, toward a respective converging reflector, each converging reflector being arranged to reflect each scanned optical beam substantially toward a convergence spot at the pupil of each respective eye for reconstruction and display of the image on the retina of each eye.
32. A direct retinal display according to claim 31 wherein the converging reflectors are quasi-elliptical reflectors that are shaped to converge the scanned optical beams to the convergence spots at the pupil of each eye and the diverging reflector is a spherical reflector.
33. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the direct retinal display is for displaying an image on the retinas of two eyes and comprises a scan source, diverging reflector and converging reflector for each eye.
34. A direct retinal display according to claim 1 wherein the direct retinal display is arranged for mounting to the head of a user.
35. A direct retinal display for displaying an image on the retina of an eye with a wide field of view comprising:
a scan source that is arranged to generate a scanned optical beam in two dimensions over a scan angle in each dimension, the optical beam being modulated with the image;
a diverging reflector that has a spherical reflecting surface in the path of the scanned optical beam that is arranged to reflect the scanned optical beam incident on the spherical reflecting surface outwardly with a magnified scan angle; and
a converging reflector that has a substantially elliptical reflecting surface in the path of the reflected scanned optical beam that is arranged to reflect the scanned optical beam, having a magnified scan angle, substantially toward a convergence spot at the pupil of the eye for reconstruction and display of the image on the retina with a wide field of view.
36. A direct retinal display according to claim 35 wherein the elliptical reflecting surface of the converging reflector is a quasi-elliptical reflecting surface that is shaped to reduce any misconvergence of the scanned optical beam at the pupil of the eye that is caused by the shape of the spherical reflecting surface of the diverging reflector.
37. A direct retinal display according to claim 35 wherein the scan source comprises an optical beam generator for generating an optical beam, a modulator for imparting an image pixel on the optical beam at each position in the scan, and a scanner for redirecting the optical beam in two dimensions over a scan angle in each dimension.
38. A direct retinal display according to claim 35 wherein the scan source is arranged to non-linearly scan the optical beam over the scan angle in each dimension to compensate for any non-linear magnification of the scan angle at the diverging reflector to thereby ensure the image is displayed on the retina correctly.
39. A direct retinal display according to claim 35 wherein the scan source is arranged to non-linearly pre-distort the image to compensate for any non-linear magnification of the scan angle at the diverging reflector to thereby ensure the image is displayed on the retina correctly.
40. A direct retinal display according to claim 35 wherein the scan source is arranged to scan the optical beam in two dimensions to generate a conical bundle of optical beams.
41. A direct retinal display according to claim 35 wherein the scan source is arranged to scan to display a two-dimensional image on the retina of the eye.
42. A direct retinal display according to claim 35 wherein the scan source is arranged to adjust the focus of the optical beam in accordance with the relative depth of each pixel of the image in order to display a three-dimensional image on the retina of the eye.
43. A direct retinal display for displaying an image on the retinas of two eyes of a user comprising:
a scan source that is arranged to generate two scanned optical beams, one for each eye, in two dimensions over a scan angle in each dimension, the scanned optical beams being modulated with the image;
a diverging reflector in the path of the scanned optical beams that is arranged to reflect the scanned optical beams incident on opposite sides of the diverging reflector outwardly with a magnified scan angle; and
two converging reflectors, one for each eye, each in the path of a respective reflected scanned optical beam that are arranged to reflect the scanned optical beams, having a magnified scan angle, substantially toward a convergence spot at the pupil of each eye for reconstruction and display of the image on the retinas of the eyes with a wide field of view.
44. A direct retinal display according to claim 43 wherein the diverging reflector comprises substantially spherical reflecting surfaces in the path of the scanned optical beams.
45. A direct retinal display according to claim 43 wherein the diverging reflector is a spherical reflector that is located between the two converging reflectors.
46. A direct retinal display according to claim 43 wherein the converging reflectors comprise quasi-elliptical reflecting surfaces in the path of the scanned optical beams reflected from the diverging reflector.
47. A direct retinal display according to claim 43 wherein there are two diverging reflectors, one for each eye, each being located in the path of one of the scanned optical beams and being arranged to reflect the scanned optical beams onto a respective converging reflector.
48. A direct retinal display according to claim 47 wherein the diverging reflectors are spherical reflectors and the converging reflectors are quasi-elliptical reflectors.
49. A direct retinal display according to claim 43 wherein the display is arranged to be securable to the head of the user.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for automatically identifying a synchronization sub-pattern associated with a test pattern having a predefined length, the method comprising:
receiving, by an input of a test and measurement instrument, a data stream including the test pattern from a device under test;
reading from a memory, contents of a memory word associated with a memory address;
setting the contents of the memory word as a trigger pattern;
loading the trigger pattern to a trigger;
triggering the test and measurement instrument in response to detecting a first instance of the trigger pattern in the data stream;
beginning a count, by a trigger-to-trigger counter, in response to detecting the first instance of the trigger pattern;
triggering the test and measurement instrument in response to detecting a second instance of the trigger pattern in the data stream;
ending the count, by the trigger-to-trigger counter, in response to detecting the second instance of the trigger pattern; and
comparing the count to the predefined length of the test pattern.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the count being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern, determining that the trigger pattern is the synchronization sub-pattern associated with the test pattern.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein:
beginning the count includes beginning a count of time in response to detecting the first instance of the trigger pattern;
ending the count includes ending the count of time in response to detecting the second instance of the trigger pattern;
the predefined length of the test pattern is a length of time; and
comparing includes comparing the count of time to the length of time of the test pattern.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
beginning the count includes beginning a count of characters in response to detecting the first instance of the trigger pattern;
ending the count includes ending the count of characters in response to detecting the second instance of the trigger pattern;
the predefined length of the test pattern is a length of characters; and
comparing includes comparing the count of characters to the length of characters of the test pattern.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the count not being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern, determining that the trigger pattern is not the synchronization sub-pattern, and changing the trigger pattern.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
in response to the count being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern, saving the synchronization sub-pattern.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
taking control of the memory; and
resetting the count.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
resetting a wait counter;
beginning a wait count, by the wait counter, in response to detecting the first instance of the trigger pattern; and
ending the wait count, by the wait counter, in response to the wait count expiring after at least two times the predefined length of the test pattern.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
determining, within two times the predefined length of the test pattern, whether or not a given trigger pattern is the synchronization sub-pattern.
10. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
in response to the wait count expiring, stopping receiving the data stream and stopping reading from the memory.
11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
skipping counting, by the trigger-to-trigger counter, any aligned primitives in the data stream.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the memory address is referred to as a first memory address and the memory word is referred to as a first memory word, the method further comprising:
in response to the count not being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern:
reading from the memory contents of a second memory word associated with a second memory address; and
setting the contents of the second memory word as the trigger pattern.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the memory address is referred to as a first memory address and the memory word is referred to as a first memory word, the method further comprising:
in response to the count not being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern:
for each of a series of iterations, reading from the memory contents of a selected one of 2nd through Nth memory words associated with 2nd through Nth memory addresses, respectively;
for each of the series of iterations, setting the selected one of the 2nd through Nth memory words as the trigger pattern;
for each of the series of iterations, loading the trigger pattern to the trigger, triggering the test and measurement instrument in response to detecting the first instance of the trigger pattern in the data stream, beginning the count in response to detecting the first instance of the trigger pattern, triggering the test and measurement instrument in response to detecting the second instance of the trigger pattern in the data stream, ending the count in response to detecting the second instance of the trigger pattern, and comparing the count to the predefined length of the test pattern; and
in response to the count being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern during any of the series of iterations, determining that the trigger pattern is the synchronization sub-pattern associated with the test pattern, and stopping further iterations.
14. A test and measurement instrument, comprising:
an input configured to receive a data stream including a test pattern having a predefined length;
a memory configured to store a plurality of memory words;
automatic synchronization logic coupled to the memory and configured to read contents of a memory word from among the plurality of memory words, to set the contents of the memory word as a trigger pattern;
a trigger configured to trigger the test and measurement instrument in response to a first instance of the trigger pattern in the data stream and to trigger the test and measurement instrument in response to a second instance of the trigger pattern in the data stream;
a trigger-to-trigger counter configured to begin counting a count, in response to the triggered first instance of the trigger pattern and to end counting the count in response to the triggered second instance of the trigger pattern; and
a comparator configured to compare the count to the predefined length of the test pattern.
15. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, wherein:
the test pattern is associated with a synchronization sub-pattern; and
in response to the count being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern, the automatic synchronization logic is configured to determine that the trigger pattern is the synchronization sub-pattern associated with the test pattern.
16. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, wherein the predefined length is a length of time and the trigger-to-trigger counter is configured to count time.
17. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, wherein the predefined length is a length of characters and the trigger-to-trigger counter is configured to count characters.
18. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, wherein:
the test pattern is associated with a synchronization sub-pattern; and
in response to the count not being equal to the predefined length of the test pattern, the automatic synchronization logic is configured to determine that the trigger pattern is not the synchronization sub-pattern associated with the test pattern, and to change the trigger pattern.
19. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, further comprising:
a wait counter configured to begin counting a wait count in response to the first instance of the trigger pattern and to end counting the wait count in response to the wait count expiring after at least two times the predefined length of the test pattern.
20. The test and measurement instrument of claim 19, wherein:
in response to the wait count expiring, the input is configured to stop receiving the data stream and the automatic synchronization logic is configured to stop reading from the memory.
21. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, wherein the automatic synchronization logic is configured to determine, within two times the predefined length of the test pattern, whether or not a given trigger pattern is a synchronization sub-pattern.
22. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, further comprising a blanking primitive detector configured to cause the trigger-to-trigger counter to skip counting any aligned primitives in the data stream.
23. The test and measurement instrument of claim 14, wherein the trigger pattern corresponds to a synchronization sub-pattern having a globally unique sub-sub-pattern therein.

1. An implant comprising:
a metal composite which comprises:
a cellular nanomatrix comprising a metallic nanomatrix material; and
a metal matrix disposed in the cellular nanomatrix,

the implant being configured to disintegrate in response to contact with a fluid.
2. The implant of claim 1, wherein the metal matrix comprises magnesium.
3. The implant of claim 2, wherein the metal matrix further comprises aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, or a combination thereof.
4. The implant of claim 3, wherein the metal matrix is an alloy.
5. The implant of claim 1, wherein the metallic nanomatrix material comprises aluminum, calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, zinc, an intermetallic compound thereof, or a combination thereof.
6. The implant of claim 1, wherein the metal composite further comprises a disintegrating agent.
7. The implant of claim 6, wherein the disintegration agent comprises cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
8. The implant of claim 7, wherein the implant comprises a plurality of components, each component comprising the metal composite and having a same or different disintegration rate.
9. The implant of claim 8, wherein the plurality of components comprises:
a first component; and
a second component attached to or interworking with the first component.
10. The implant of claim 1, wherein the metal matrix is present in an amount from 50 wt % to 99 wt %, based on the weight of the metal composite, and the metal nanomatrix material is present in an amount from 1 wt % to 30 wt %, based on the weight of the metal composite.
11. The implant of claim 1, wherein the implant has a percent elongation from 0.1% to 25%, and the implant has a compressive strength of about 30 ksi to about 80 ksi.
12. The implant of claim 1, wherein the implant is disintegrable in response to contact with a fluid which comprises blood, a blood substitute, saline, a salt, an organic acid, a buffer, an alkaline compound, a protein, an amino acid, a nucleic acid, an enzyme, a carbohydrate, a gas, bone marrow, a tissue, serum, plasma, urine, semen, a lacrimal secretion, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, sweat, synovial fluid, a mucous secretion, lymph, or a combination thereof.
13. The implant of claim 1, wherein the implant has a disintegration rate from 0.1 mgcm2hr to 100 mgcm2hr.
14. The implant of claim 1, wherein the implant is a pin, rod, plate, screw, nut, suture, stent, staple, scaffold, wire, prosthesis, nail, or a combination thereof.
15. A method for repairing tissue, the method comprising:
disposing an implant in a patient, the implant comprising a metal composite which comprises:
a cellular nanomatrix comprising a metallic nanomatrix material; and
a metal matrix disposed in the cellular nanomatrix;

contacting tissue of the patient with the implant, the tissue being in need of repair; and
non-operatively removing the implant to repair the tissue.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein non-operatively removing the implant comprises disintegrating the implant by contacting the implant with a fluid comprising blood, a blood substitute, saline, a salt, an organic acid, a buffer, an alkaline compound, a protein, an amino acid, a nucleic acid, an enzyme, a carbohydrate, a gas, bone marrow, a tissue, serum, plasma, urine, semen, a lacrimal secretion, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, sweat, synovial fluid, a mucous secretion, lymph, or a combination thereof.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the implant has an in vitro lifetime effective for the implant to stabilize the tissue during repair and to disintegrate at a rate such that an amount of gas production and blood alkalization from a product of disintegrating the implant is biologically tolerable and non-toxic to the patient.
18. The method of claim 15, further comprising bending, drilling, twisting, compressing, stretching the implant prior to disposing the implant in the patient, or a combination thereof.
19. The method of claim 15, further comprising growing additional tissue on the implant.
20. The method of claim 15, wherein the tissue comprises a first tissue and a second tissue that is different than the first tissue, and contacting the tissue of the patient with the implant comprises attaching the implant to the first tissue and the second tissue.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A communications protocol for providing a connection-oriented interconnection via an internet protocol communications system between a first mobile terminal and a node, in which the first mobile terminal and the node form part of an internet session; in which the first mobile terminal is initially connected to the node via a first mobile controller (MC) in which the protocol comprises means for providing to the first MC an internet address of the node and a record number identifying the internet session.
2. The communications protocol as a claimed in claim 1 in which the node comprises a fixed terminal, in which the fixed terminal is connected to the internet protocol communications system via a router;
in which the internet address identifies the router, and in which the record number is allocated by the router.
3. The communications protocol as claimed in claim 1 in which the node comprises a server; in which the internet address identifies the server, and in which the record number is allocated by the server.
4. The communications protocol as claimed in claim 1 in which the node comprises a further mobile terminal, in which the further mobile terminal is connected to the internet protocol communications system via a further MC;
in which the internet address identifies the further MC, and in which the record number is allocated by the further MC.
5. The communications protocol as claimed in any above claim including the step of maintaining the session as the interconnection between the first mobile terminal and the node is redirected from via the first MC to via a second MC.
6. The protocol as claimed in claim 5 in which the first MC sends a message via the internet protocol communications system to the second MC for requesting the redirection.
7. The communications protocol as claimed in any one of claims 5 and 6 including the steps of establishing the interconnection as a first virtual message-path (VMP) between the first mobile terminal and the node; and for transferring the interconnection from the first VMP to a second VMP in which the first MC is included in the first VMP and the second MC is included in the second VMP.
8. The protocol as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 7 as dependent from any one of claims 2 to 4 in which the second MC opens the second VMP to the server or to the node’s router or to the further MC.
9. The protocol as claimed in claim 8 including the step of extending the second VMP from the node’s router to the node via that part of the first VMP that extends between the node’s router and the node.
10. The protocol as claimed in claim 8 including the step of extending the second VMP from the further MC to the further mobile terminal via that part of the first VWP that extends between the further MC and the further mobile terminal.
11. The protocol as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 10 in which the second MC instructs the server or the node’s router or the further MC to redirect the interconnection from via the first MC to via the second MC.
12. The communications protocol as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 11 in which redirection of the interconnection takes place in a seamless manner.
13. The communications protocol as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 12 including, during redirection of the interconnection, the steps of the node’s router accepting messages from the second MC in addition to the first MC for forwarding to the node and at the same time forwarding all messages received from the node for forwarding to the first mobile terminal via the second MC.
14. The communications protocol as claimed in any above claim in which the internet session is initiated by the node; and in which communication between the first mobile terminal and the node takes place over a VMP set up by the first mobile terminal.
15. The communications protocol as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 in which the internet session is initiated by the first mobile terminal;
and in which communication between the first mobile terminal and the node takes place over a VMP set up by the first mobile terminal.
16. A communications protocol for interconnecting a first mobile terminal via the internet protocol communications system with another fixed or mobile terminal, in which the first mobile terminal is treated as a special service.
17. A communications system comprising means for implementing the protocol of any above claim.