Author: claimsbot

1. A metal oxide-based fine particle comprising:
a metal oxide-based core region;
an intermediate region comprising an alkoxyorganosiloxane condensate structure, the intermediate region being formed on the outer periphery of the core region; and
a surface region comprising an organic molecular chain or an organic silicon molecular chain or a reactive functional group.
2. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 1, wherein the organic molecular chain or the organic silicon molecular chain or the reactive functional group of the surface region is bonded to a silicon atom of the condensate structure of the intermediate region via a linking group, and
a silicon atom of the condensate structure of the intermediate region and a metal atom of the metal oxide-based core region are bonded via a linking group.
3. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide-based fine particle is a fine particle formed by a reaction between organometallic compounds each comprising a first section comprising a metal alkoxide group comprising a plurality of alkoxy groups each having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a second section comprising an alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portion, the second section being bonded to the first section, and a third section comprising an organic molecular chain or an organic silicon molecular chain or a reactive functional group, the third section being bonded to the second section;
the metal oxide-based core region is a region formed by condensation between the metal alkoxide groups of the first sections;
the intermediate region is a region formed by condensation between the alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portions of the second sections; and
the surface region is a region comprising the organic molecular chains or the organic silicon molecular chains or the reactive functional groups of the third sections.
4. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 3, wherein the first section is represented by formula (I):
where R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, X represents a linking group, a represents 2 or 3, b represents 0, 1 or 2, c represents 2 or 3, and d represents 0 or a natural number, provided that a-b is 1 or more, one R1 is directly bonded to a Si atom to which R1O is bonded when a is 2, and one R2 is directly bonded to a Si atom to which R20 is bonded when c is 2;
the alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portion of the second section comprises a unit represented by formula (IIa):
where R4 represents an alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms equal to or more than the number of carbon atoms of R1, R2 and R3, and R5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, and when there are a plurality of each of R4 and R5 in one molecule, R4 and R5 may each be the same as or different from each other; and
the third section is represented by formula (III):
Formula 3
\u2014Y\u2014R8\u2003\u2003(III)
where R8 represents an organic molecular chain or an organic silicon molecular chain or a reactive functional group, and Y represents a linking group.
5. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein R4 is an alkyl group having one to four more carbon atoms than R1, R2 and R3.
6. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are a methyl group or an ethyl group.
7. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R4 is an alkyl group having the same number of carbon atoms as R1, R2 and R3.
8. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein d is 0.
9. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein the first section is represented by formula (IV):
where R9 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, X represents a linking group, and n represents an integer of 3 or more.
10. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 9, wherein R4 is an alkyl group having one to four more carbon atoms than R9.
11. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein R5 is an alkyl group.
12. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein the the alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portion further comprising a unit represented by formula (IIb):
where R6 and R7 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, and when there are a plurality of each of R6 and R7 in one molecule, R6 and R7 may each be the same as or different from each other; and
a molar ratio of the unit represented by formula (IIa) and the unit represented by formula (IIb)(IIa(IIa+IIb)) is in the range of 0.2 to 1.
13. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein the degree of polymerization of the alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portion of the second section is in the range of 2 to 30.
14. The metal oxide-based fine particle according to claim 4, wherein the degree of polymerization of the alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portion of the second section is in the range of 3 to 15.
15. A resin filler comprising the metal oxide-based fine particle as recited in claim 1.
16. A resin composition comprising the metal oxide-based fine particle as recited in claim 1 and a plastic.
17. A method for manufacturing a metal oxide-based fine particle comprising a metal oxide-based core region, an intermediate region comprising an alkoxyorganosiloxane condensate structure, the intermediate region being formed on the outer periphery of the core region, and a surface region comprising an organic molecular chain or an organic silicon molecular chain or a reactive functional group, the method comprising:
forming the metal oxide-based core region by a reaction between organometallic compound comprising a first section comprising a metal alkoxide group comprising a plurality of alkoxy groups each having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a second section comprising an alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portion, the second section being bonded to the first section, and a third section comprising an organic molecular chain or an organic silicon molecular chain or a reactive functional group, the third section being bonded to the second section, to conduct condensation between the metal alkoxide groups of the first sections; and
forming the intermediate region by the reaction to conduct condensation between the alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portions of the second sections, and forming the surface region comprising the organic molecular chains or the organic silicon molecular chains or the reactive functional groups located on the outer periphery of the intermediate region.
18. The method for manufacturing a metal oxide-based fine particle, according to claim 17, wherein the first section is represented by formula (I):
where R1, R2 and R3 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, X represents a linking group, a represents 2 or 3, b represents 0, 1 or 2, c represents 2 or 3, and d represents 0 or a natural number, provided that a-b is 1 or more, one R1 is directly bonded to a Si atom to which R10 is bonded when a is 2, and one R2 is directly bonded to a Si atom to which R20 is bonded when c is 2;
the alkoxyorganosiloxane structure portion of the second section comprises a unit represented by formula (IIa):
where R4 represents an alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms equal to or more than the number of carbon atoms of R1, R2 and R3, and R5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, and when there are a plurality of each of R4 and R5 in one molecule, R4 and R5 may each be the same as or different from each other; and
the third section is represented by formula (III):
Formula 8
\u2014Y\u2014R8\u2003\u2003(III)
where R8 represents an organic molecular chain or an organic silicon molecular chain or a reactive functional group, and Y represents a linking group.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. An implantable device for carrying a body fluid from a proximal portion to a distal portion of a body lumen, comprising:
a trunk having
a proximal face including an aperture disposed therein for ingress of the body fluid,
a distal face, and
at least one passageway in fluid communication with the aperture and extending distally from the proximal face to the distal face;

an anchor coupled to the trunk and extending to a peripheral portion of the proximal face, wherein the anchor affixes at least the peripheral portion to an interior tissue wall of the proximal portion of the body lumen; and
a tubular conduit having a proximal end, a distal end, and a channel therethrough, the proximal end being affixed to at least one of the distal face and a sidewall of the at least one passageway, the channel being in fluid communication with the at least one passageway of the trunk, and the distal end providing egress of the body fluid into the distal portion of the body lumen.
2. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the proximal face provides a surface that substantially redirects a flow of the body fluid from the proximal portion of the body lumen into the aperture.
3. The implantable device of claim 2, wherein the proximal face comprises a substantially flat surface formed of a fluid resistant, biocompatible material suitable for disposition within the flow of body fluid that occurs within the body lumen.
4. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the anchor is radially compressible.
5. The implantable device of claim 4, wherein the anchor includes a resilient wire frame that provides a radially expansive force that seals the trunk against the tissue wall of the body lumen.
6. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the trunk is dimensionally adapted for disposition within a short section of the body lumen that is proximal to a site of an aneurysm.
7. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the trunk has a longitudinal length between approximately 1.0 cm-3.0 cm.
8. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the longitudinal length of the trunk is substantially less than a length of the tubular conduit.
9. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the sidewall comprises a graft material.
10. The implantable device of claim 1, wherein the tubular conduit is bifurcated.
11. The implantable device of claim 1, further comprising hook elements coupled to the trunk for attaching the trunk to the tissue of the body lumen.
12. An implantable device for carrying a body fluid from a proximal portion to a distal portion of a body lumen, comprising:
a trunk having
a proximal face having an aperture disposed therein for ingress of the body fluid,
a distal face, and
at least one passageway in fluid communication with the aperture and extending distally from the proximal face to the distal face,

wherein the trunk comprises a radially expansive material extending to a periphery of the proximal face, the radially expansive material being expandable from a compressed shape insertable into the body lumen to an expanded shape that sealingly affixes at least the periphery to an interior tissue wall of the proximal portion of the body lumen; and
a tubular conduit having a proximal end, a distal end, and a channel therethrough, the proximal end being affixed to at least one of the distal face and a sidewall of the at least one passageway, the channel being in fluid communication with the at least one passageway of the trunk, and the distal end providing egress of the body fluid into the distal portion of the body lumen.
13. The implantable device of claim 12, wherein the radially expansive material is elastomeric.
14. An implantable device for carrying a body fluid from a proximal portion to a distal portion of a body lumen, comprising:
a trunk having
a proximal face with at least two proximal apertures disposed therein for ingress of the body fluid,
a distal face with at least two distal apertures disposed therein, and
at least two interior passageways within the trunk, a first interior passageway in fluid communication with a first proximal aperture and a first distal aperture, and a second interior passageway in fluid communication with a second proximal aperture and a second distal aperture, each of the at least two interior passageways having a sidewall;

an anchor coupled to the trunk and extending to a peripheral portion of the proximal face, wherein the anchor affixes at least the peripheral portion to an interior tissue wall of the proximal portion of the body lumen; and
at least two tubular conduits, each having a proximal end, a distal end, and a channel therethrough, wherein the proximal end of each conduit is affixed to at least one of the distal face and the distal aperture, wherein a first tubular conduit is in fluid communication with the first interior passageway and a second tubular conduit is in fluid communication with the second interior passageway, and wherein the distal end provides egress of the body fluid into the distal portion of the body lumen.
15. The implantable device of claim 14, further comprising an extension loop frame having a distal loop portion for coupling to a spoke element of a catheter delivery system, whereby the catheter delivery system may position the implant within the body lumen.
16. The implantable device of claim 14, wherein the distal portion of the body lumen comprises two fluid channels, and wherein the first tubular conduit is disposed within a first fluid channel and the second tubular conduit is disposed within a second fluid channel.
17. The implantable device of claim 14, wherein a vertical height of the trunk is substantially less than a length of the tubular conduit.

1. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, comprising a preparing step of preparing a chemical compound having at least one of elements of alkali metals and alkali earth metals along with platinum, and a reducing step of reducing said prepared chemical compound with a reducing agent to form platinum nanoparticles.
2. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chemical compound is not composed of sodium polyacrylate.
3. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, comprising a preparing step of mixing a chemical compound composed of at least one of elements of alkali metals and alkali earth metals with a solution of a platinum compound to form a mixture, and a reducing step of reducing said mixture with a reducing agent to form platinum nanoparticles.
4. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chemical compound has at least one of sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba).
5. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chemical compound includes at least one of an iodide, a chloride and a bromide.
6. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reducing step is carried out by blowing hydrogen gas in said mixture to bubble the same.
7. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chemical compound has at least one of platinic acid chloride, potassium tetrachloroplatinate, diammine dinitro platinum, hexaammine platinum tetrachloride, tetraammine platinum dichloride, platinum chloride and dihydrogen chloroplatinate hydrate.
8. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 3, wherein said solution of a platinum compound has potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4).
9. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 3, wherein said mixture is not composed of sodium polyacrylate.
10. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said preparing step includes:
a preparing step of preparing a carbon support, a dispersion medium, a platinum compound having platinum, an adsorbent having at least one of elements of alkali metals and alkali earth metals, which is adsorbable on surfaces of said carbon support, and a capping reagent capable of capping specific areas of crystals of platinum;
a first mixture liquid forming step of forming a mixture liquid in which said dispersion medium, said carbon support, said platinum compound and said adsorbent are mixed with each other; and
a second mixture liquid forming step of forming a second mixture liquid in which said first mixture liquid and said capping reagent are mixed with each other; and
in said reducing step, said second mixture liquid is reduced with said reducing agent to form platinum nanoparticles and support said platinum nanoparticles on said carbon support.
11. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 10, wherein in said first mixture liquid forming step, said first mixture liquid is formed: (i) by mixing one part of said adsorbent in said dispersion medium in which said carbon support has been dispersed; (ii) by mixing said platinum compound in said dispersion liquid; (iii) and by mixing a remaining part of said adsorbent in said dispersion liquid.
12. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 10, wherein in said first mixture liquid forming step, said first mixture liquid is formed by mixing said platinum compound in said dispersion liquid in which said carbon support has been dispersed, and thereafter by mixing said adsorbent in said dispersion medium.
13. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 10, wherein said adsorbent has at least one of sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba).
14. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 10, wherein said adsorbent has at least one of an iodide, a chloride and a bromide.
15. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 10, wherein said capping reagent is composed of at least one of sodium polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, and polyethylene oxide.
16. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said platinum nanoparticle has a polyhedral shape.
17. A method for producing platinum nanoparticles, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said platinum nanoparticle has a particle diameter of 50 nm or less.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A control device for an internal combustion engine that generates power by burning an air-fuel mixture in a cylinder, comprising:
in-cylinder pressure detecting means;
calculating means that calculates a control parameter based on an in-cylinder pressure detected by the in-cylinder pressure detecting means and an in-cylinder volume at the time of detecting the in-cylinder pressure; and
misfire determining means that determines a misfire condition in the cylinder based upon the control parameter calculated by the calculating means, wherein:
the control parameter is a product of the in-cylinder pressure detected by the in-cylinder pressure detecting means and a value obtained by exponentiating the in-cylinder volume at the time of detecting the in-cylinder pressure by a predetermined index number;
the calculating means calculates the control parameters in two predetermined points; and
the misfire determining means determines that an inside of the cylinder is in a misfire condition by comparing a difference component in the control parameters between the two predetermined points with a predetermined threshold value.
2. The control device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein:
the misfire determining means determines that the inside of the cylinder is in a half-misfire condition when the difference component in the control parameters between the two predetermined points is below a first threshold value.
3. The control device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein:
when the misfire determining means determines that the inside of the cylinder is in the half-misfire condition, at least one of a throttle opening, a fuel injection quantity, an openedclosed timing of an intake valve or an exhaust valve, and an exhaust gas recirculating rate is corrected in such a way as to restrain a subsequent misfire.
4. The control device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein:
the misfire determining means that the inside of the cylinder is in a complete-misfire condition in a case where after the correction is made for a predetermined time, the difference component in the control parameters between the two predetermined points is below the first threshold value and also below a second threshold value, which is smaller than the first threshold value.
5. The control device for the internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein:
one of the two predetermined points is set at a point after an intake valve opens and also before combustion starts, and the other is set at a point after the combustion starts and also before an exhaust valve opens.
6. A method for determining a misfire in an internal combustion engine that generates power by burning an air-fuel mixture in a cylinder comprising:
(a) a step of detecting an in-cylinder pressure;
(b) a step of calculating a control parameter based on the in-cylinder pressure detected in the step (a) and an in-cylinder volume at the time of detecting the in-cylinder pressure; and
(c) a step of determining a misfire condition in the cylinder based on the control parameter calculated in the step (b), wherein:
the control parameter to be calculated in the step (b) is a product of the in-cylinder pressure detected in the step (a) and a value obtained by exponentiating the in-cylinder volume at the time of detecting the in-cylinder pressure by a predetermined index number,
in the step (b), the control parameters are calculated in two predetermined points; and
in the step (c), it is determined that an inside of the cylinder is in a misfire condition by comparing a difference component in the control parameters between the two predetermined points with a predetermined threshold value.
7. The method for determining the misfire in the internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein:
in the step (c), it is determined that the inside of the cylinder is in a half-misfire condition when the difference component in the control parameters between the two predetermined points is below a first threshold value.
8. The method for determining the misfire for the internal combustion engine according to claim 7, further comprising:
(d) a step of correcting at least one of a throttle opening, a fuel injection quantity, an openedclosed timing of an intake valve or an exhaust valve, and an exhaust gas recirculating rate in such a way as to restrain a subsequent misfire when it is determined in the step (c) that the inside of the cylinder is in the half-misfire condition.
9. The method for determining the misfire for the internal combustion engine according to claim 8, further comprising:
(e) a step of determining that the inside of the cylinder is in a complete-misfire condition in a case where after the correction in the step (d) is made for a predetermined time, the difference component in the control parameters between the two predetermined points is below the first threshold value and also below a second threshold value, which is smaller than the first threshold value.
10. The method for determining the misfire for the internal combustion engine according to claim 6, wherein:
one of the two predetermined points is set at a point after an intake valve opens and also before combustion starts, and the other is set at a point after the combustion starts and also before an exhaust valve opens.