Author: claimsbot

1. A compound of formula
wherein
R1 and R2 are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ra, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ra, C2-30-alkynyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ra, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rb, C5-10-cycloalkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rb, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Rb, C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Rc and 5-14 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Rc,
wherein
Ra at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents Ri, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR3, \u2014NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4R5+, \u2014NH\u2014COR3, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR3, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR3, \u2014CONR3R4, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR3, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C5-10-cycloalkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii and 5-14 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii;
Rb at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR3, \u2014NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4R5+, \u2014NH\u2014COR3, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR3, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR3, \u2014CONR3R4, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR3, C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkynyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C5-10-cycloalkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii and 5-14 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii;
Rc at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR3, \u2014NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4R5+, \u2014NH\u2014COR3, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR3, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR3, \u2014CONR3R4, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR3, C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkynyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C5-10-cycloalkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii and 5-14 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii;
wherein
R3, R4 and R5 at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkynyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C5-10-cycloalkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii and 5-14 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii,
Ri at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C3-10-cycloalkyl, C5-10-cycloalkenyl, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl, C6-14-aryl and 5-14 membered heteroaryl,
Rii at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR6, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C2-30-alkynyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, C5-10-cycloalkenyl, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl, C6-14-aryl and 5-14 membered heteroaryl,
Riii at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR6, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C2-30-alkynyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, C5-10-cycloalkenyl, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl, C6-14-aryl and 5-14 membered heteroaryl,
wherein
R6, R7 and R8 at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C2-30-alkynyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, C5-10-cycloalkenyl, 3-14 membered cycloheteroalkyl, C6-14-aryl and 5-14 membered heteroaryl.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein
R1 and R2 are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of H, C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ra, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ra, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rb, and C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Rc,
wherein
Ra at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents Ri, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR3, \u2014NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR3, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR3, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR3, \u2014CONR3R4, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR3, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, and C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii;
Rb at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014Cl1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR3, \u2014NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4R5+, \u2014NH\u2014COR3, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR3, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR3, \u2014CONR3R4, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR3, C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, and C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii;
Rc at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR3, \u2014NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4R5+, \u2014NH\u2014COR3, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR3, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR3, \u2014CONR3R4, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR3, C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, and C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii;
wherein
R3, R4 and R5 at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, and C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii,
Ri at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl,
Rii at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR6, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl,
Riii at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR6, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl,
wherein
R6, R7 and R8 at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl.
3. The compound of claim 1, wherein
R1 and R2 are independently from each other C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ra,
wherein
Ra at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents Ri, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR3, \u2014NR3R4, \u2014NR3R4R5+, \u2014NH\u2014COR3, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR3, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR3, \u2014CONR3R4, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR3, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, and C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii;
wherein
R3, R4 and R5 at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of C1-30-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C2-30-alkenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 30 substituents Ri, C3-10-cycloalkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 10 substituents Rii, and C6-14-aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 8 substituents Riii,
Ri at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR3, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl,
Rii at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR6, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl, Riii at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of halogen, \u2014CN, \u2014NO2, \u2014N3, \u2014OH, C1-30-alkoxy, \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2On\u2014C1-10-alkyl (n=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014CH2CH2Om\u2014OH (m=1 to 10), \u2014O\u2014COR6, \u2014S\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014SO2\u2014C1-30-alkyl, \u2014NH2, \u2014NHR6, \u2014NR6R7, \u2014NR6R7R8+, \u2014NH\u2014COR6, \u2014COOH, \u2014COOR6, \u2014CONH2, \u2014CONHR6, \u2014CONR6R7, \u2014CO\u2014H, \u2014COR6, C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl,
wherein
R6, R7 and R8 at each occurrence are independently from each other selected from the group consisting of C1-30-alkyl, C2-30-alkenyl, C3-10-cycloalkyl, and C6-14-aryl.
4. The compound of claim 1, wherein
R1 and R2 are independently from each other C3-25-alkyl branched at the C attached to the N of formula 1.
5. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula
wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 1, which process comprises the step of
(i) treating a compound of formula
wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in claim 1, and X is Cl, Br or I,
with a fluoride source.
6. An electronic device comprising the compound of formula (1) of any of claims 1 to 4 as semiconducting material.
7. Use of the compound of formula (1) of any of claims 1 to 4 as semiconducting material.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for controlling an axial power distribution in a nuclear reactor having a core and a control rod, comprising:
(a) calculating an axial offset of a current power distribution (AOP) using Expression (1), an axial offset of a power distribution capable of providing a current xenon concentration distribution under an equilibrium condition (AOX) using Expression (2), and an axial offset of a power distribution capable of providing a current iodine concentration distribution under an equilibrium condition (AOI) using Expression (3),
AOP=(PT\u2212PB)(PT+PB)\u2003\u2003Expression (1).
AOX=(PTX\u2212PBX)(PTX+PBX)\u2003\u2003Expression (2)
AOI=(PTI\u2212PBI)(PTI+FBI)\u2003\u2003Expression (3)
Wherein
PT is a relative power in an upper half of the core,
PB is a relative power in an lower half of the core,
PTX is a relative power in the upper half of the core capable of providing a current xenon concentration under an equilibrium condition,
PBX is a relative power in the lower half of the core capable of providing a current xenon concentration under an equilibrium condition,
PTI is a relative power in the upper half of the core capable of providing a current iodine concentration under an equilibrium condition, and
PBI is a relative power in the lower half of the core capable of providing a current iodine concentration under an equilibrium condition;
(b) calculating a parameter DAOPX (=AOP\u2212AOX) and a parameter DAOIX (=AOI\u2212AOX);
(c) displaying a trajectory having a plot point which plots the parameter DAOPX on X axis and the parameter DAOIX on Y axis, whereby the plot point forms an ellipse having a major axis;
(d) determining if the axial offset of the current power distribution (AOP) exceeds an allowable range;
(e) setting off alarm when the axial offset of the current power distribution (AOP) exceeds the allowable range and the plot point has deviated from the major axis; and
(f) moving the control rod after the alarm is set off so that the plot point is guided back to the major axis, whereby the axial power distribution is controlled, and whereby the xenon oscillation is controlled at the same time.
2. A nontransitory computer readable medium having a computer program, which when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform the method according to claim 1.
3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising in step (f) calculating a distance on the X axis from the deviated plot point to the major axis, calculating a movement volume of the control rod based on the distance, and giving an operation signal of inserting the control rod by the movement volume to a control rod driving mechanism.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the ellipse has an origin on the major axis, and wherein plot point is guided to the major axis excluding the origin.
5. A system for controlling an axial power distribution in a nuclear reactor having a core and a control rod, comprising:
(a) an axial offset calculation unit that calculates an axial offset of a current power distribution (AOP) using Expression (1), an axial offset of a power distribution capable of providing a current xenon distribution under an equilibrium condition (AOX) using Expression (2), and an axial offset of a power distribution capable of providing a current iodine distribution under an equilibrium condition (AOI) using Expression (3),
AOP=(PT\u2212PB)(PT+PB)\u2003\u2003Expression (1)
AOX=(PTX\u2212PBX)(PTX+PBX)\u2003\u2003Expression (2)
AOI=(PTI\u2212PBI)(PTI+PBI)\u2003\u2003Expression (3)
Wherein
PT is a relative power in an upper half of the core,
PB is a relative power in an lower half of the core,
PTX is a relative power in the upper half of the core capable of providing a current xenon concentration under an equilibrium condition,
PBX is a relative power in the lower half of the core capable of providing a current xenon concentration under an equilibrium condition,
PTI is a relative power in the upper half of the core capable of providing a current iodine concentration under an equilibrium condition, and
PBI is a relative power in the lower half of the core capable of providing a current iodine concentration under an equilibrium condition;
(b) a parameter calculation unit that calculates a parameter DAOPX (=AOP\u2212AOX) and a parameter DAOIX (=AOI\u2212AOX);
(c) a trajectory display unit that displays a trajectory having a plot point, wherein the plot point plots the parameter DAOPX on X axis and the parameter (DAOIX) on the Y axis, and forms an ellipse having a major axis;
(d) an allowable range excess determination unit that determines if the axial offset of the current power distribution (AOP) exceeds an allowable range;
(e) an alarming unit that sets off alarm when the axial offset of the current power distribution (AOP) exceeds the allowable range and the plot has deviated from the major axis; and
(f) a control rod moving unit that moves the control rod after the alarm is set off so that the plot point is guided back to the major axis, whereby the axial power distribution is controlled, and whereby the xenon oscillation is controlled at the same time.
6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the control rod moving unit further calculates a distance on the X axis from the deviated plot point to the major axis, calculates a movement volume of the control rod based on the distance, and gives an operation signal of inserting the control rod by the movement volume to a control rod driving mechanism.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the ellipse has an origin on the major axis, and wherein the plot point is guided to the major axis excluding the origin.

1. A method for changing paging parameters in idle mode, the method being implemented by a base station, the method comprising:
negotiating the paging parameters with a subscriber station so that the subscriber station can enter the idle mode;
changing at least one paging parameter at the base station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter comprises:
requesting a location update from the subscriber station;
receiving a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message from the subscriber station; and
sending a ranging response (RNG-RSP) message to the subscriber station, wherein the RNG-RSP message comprises a paging information type-length-value that specifies a change to the at least one paging parameter.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a request from the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the RNG-REQ message comprises a paging parameter request type-length-value (TLV) that specifies a requested change to the at least one paging parameter.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging listening interval length, wherein directing the subscriber station to change the paging listening interval length comprises sending a paging message to the subscriber station, and wherein the paging message comprises a new value for the paging listening interval length.
5. A method for changing paging parameters in idle mode, the method being implemented by a base station, the method comprising:
negotiating the paging parameters with a subscriber station so that the subscriber station can enter the idle mode;
changing at least one paging parameter at the base station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle, and wherein changing the paging cycle comprises dynamically increasing the paging cycle, wherein directing the subscriber station to dynamically increase the paging cycle comprises exchanging deregistration request (DREG-REQ) and deregistration command (DREG-CMD) messages with the subscriber station, wherein the DREG-REQ and DREG-CMD messages comprise a starting frame number, an initial paging cycle length, and a final paging cycle length.
6. A method for changing paging parameters in idle mode, the method being implemented by a subscriber station, the method comprising:
negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, requesting that the base station change the at least one paging parameter at the base station;
requesting directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station, wherein requesting directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station comprises sending a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message to the base station, wherein the RNG-REQ message comprises a paging parameter request type-length-value (TLV) that specifies the requested change to the at least one paging parameter;
receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode.
7. A method for changing paging parameters in idle mode, the method being implemented by a subscriber station, the method comprising:
negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station; and
changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein receiving the directions to change the at least one paging parameter comprises receiving a ranging response (RNG-RSP) message from the base station, wherein the RNG-RSP message comprises a paging information TLV that specifies at least one change to be made to the at least one paging parameter.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein:
the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging listening interval length;
receiving the directions to change the paging listening interval length comprises receiving a paging message from the base station; and
the paging message comprises a new value for the paging listening interval length.
9. A method for changing paging parameters in idle mode, the method being implemented by a subscriber station, the method comprising:
negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle; and
changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein changing the paging cycle comprises dynamically increasing the paging cycle,
wherein receiving the directions from the base station to dynamically increase the paging cycle comprises exchanging deregistration request (DREG-REQ) and deregistration command (DREG-CMD) messages with the base station, wherein the DREG-REQ and DREG-CMD messages comprise a starting frame number, an initial paging cycle length, and a final paging cycle length.
10. A method for changing paging parameters in idle mode, the method being implemented by a subscriber station, the method comprising:
negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle; and
changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein changing the paging cycle comprises dynamically increasing the paging cycle, wherein dynamically increasing the paging cycle comprises starting a next paging listening interval min{previous paging cycle length\xd72, final paging cycle length} frames after a start of a previous paging listening interval.
11. A method for selecting a paging offset, the method being implemented by a base station, the method comprising:
receiving a requested paging cycle from a subscriber station;
selecting the paging offset so that the paging offset is randomly distributed within a range of the requested paging cycle; and
notifying the subscriber station about the selected paging offset.
12. A method for selecting a paging offset, the method being implemented by an Access Service Network-Gateway (ASN-GW), the method comprising:
maintaining paging offset utilization status for a paging group;
calculating loading of individual paging offset values for the paging group based on the paging offset utilization status and a paging cycle that is requested by a subscriber station; and
selecting a least loaded paging offset value for the subscriber station.
13. A base station configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
negotiate the paging parameters with a subscriber station so that the subscriber station can enter the idle mode;
change at least one paging parameter at the base station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
direct the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, the directing comprising requesting a location update from the subscriber station, receiving a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message from the subscriber station, and sending a ranging response (RNG-RSP) message to the subscriber station, wherein the RNG-RSP message comprises a paging information type-length-value that specifies the change to the at least one paging parameter.
14. The base station of claim 13, further comprising instructions stored in the memory that are executable to receive a request from the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter.
15. The base station of claim 13, wherein the RNG-REQ message comprises a paging parameter request type-length-value (TLV) that specifies a requested change to the at least one paging parameter.
16. The base station of claim 13, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging listening interval length, wherein the instructions executable to direct the subscriber station to change the paging listening interval length comprise instructions executable to send a paging message to the subscriber station, and wherein the paging message comprises a new value for the paging listening interval length.
17. A base station configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
negotiate the paging parameters with a subscriber station so that the subscriber station can enter the idle mode;
change at least one paging parameter at the base station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle, and wherein changing the paging cycle comprises dynamically increasing the paging cycle; and
direct the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode,

wherein:
the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle;
the instructions executable to change the paging cycle comprise instructions executable to dynamically increase the paging cycle;
the instructions executable to direct the subscriber station to dynamically increase the paging cycle comprise instructions executable to exchange deregistration request (DREG-REQ) and deregistration command (DREG-CMD) messages with the subscriber station; and
the DREG-REQ and DREG-CMD messages comprise a starting frame number, an initial paging cycle length, and a final paging cycle length.
18. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
negotiate the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
request that the base station change the at least one paging parameter, wherein requesting comprises sending a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message to the base station, wherein the RNG-REQ message comprises a paging parameter request type-length-value (TLV) that specifies the requested change to the at least one paging parameter;
receive directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode.
19. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
negotiate the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
receive directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the instructions executable to receive the directions to change the at least one paging parameter comprise instructions executable to receive a ranging response (RNG-RSP) message from the base station, wherein the RNG-RSP message comprises a paging information TLV that specifies at least one change to be made to the at least one paging parameter.
20. The subscriber station of claim 18, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging listening interval length, wherein the instructions executable to receive the directions to change the paging listening interval length comprise instructions executable to receive a paging message from the base station, and wherein the paging message comprises a new value for the paging listening interval length.
21. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
negotiate the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
receive directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle; and
change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the instructions executable to change the paging cycle comprise instructions executable to dynamically increase the paging cycle,

wherein the instructions executable to receive the directions from the base station to dynamically increase the paging cycle comprise instructions executable to exchange deregistration request (DREG-REQ) and deregistration command (DREG-CMD) messages with the base station, wherein the DREG-REQ and DREG-CMD messages comprise a starting frame number, an initial paging cycle length, and a final paging cycle length.
22. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
negotiate the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
receive directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle; and
change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the instructions executable to change the paging cycle comprise instructions executable to dynamically increase the paging cycle, and wherein the instructions executable to dynamically increase the paging cycle comprise instructions executable to start a next paging listening interval min{previous paging cycle length\xd72, final paging cycle length} frames after a start of a previous paging listening interval.
23. A base station that is configured for selecting a paging offset, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
receive a requested paging cycle from a subscriber station;
select the paging offset so that the paging offset is randomly distributed within a range of the requested paging cycle; and
notify the subscriber station about the selected paging offset.
24. An Access Service Network-Gateway (ASN-GW) that is configured for selecting a paging offset, comprising:
a processor;
memory in electronic communication with the processor;
instructions stored in the memory, the instructions being executable by the processor to:
maintain paging offset utilization status for a paging group;
calculate loading of individual paging offset values for the paging group based on the paging offset utilization status and a paging cycle that is requested by a subscriber station; and
select a least loaded paging offset value for the subscriber station.
25. A base station configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
means for negotiating the paging parameters with a subscriber station so that the subscriber station can enter the idle mode;
means for changing at least one paging parameter at the base station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
means for directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode,
wherein the means for directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter comprises:
means for requesting a location update from the subscriber station;
means for receiving a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message from the subscriber station; and
means for sending a ranging response (RNG-RSP) message to the subscriber station, wherein the RNG-RSP message comprises a paging information type-length-value that specifies the change to the at least one paging parameter.
26. The base station of claim 25, further comprising means for receiving a request from the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter.
27. The base station of claim 25, wherein the RNG-REQ message comprises a paging parameter request type-length-value (TLV) that specifies a requested change to the at least one paging parameter.
28. The base station of claim 25, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging listening interval length, wherein the means for directing the subscriber station to change the paging listening interval length comprises means for sending a paging message to the subscriber station, and wherein the paging message comprises a new value for the paging listening interval length.
29. A base station configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
means for negotiating the paging parameters with a subscriber station so that the subscriber station can enter the idle mode;
means for changing at least one paging parameter at the base station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
means for directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle, and wherein the means for changing the paging cycle comprises means for dynamically increasing the paging cycle, wherein the means for directing the subscriber station to dynamically increase the paging cycle comprises means for exchanging deregistration request (DREG-REQ) and deregistration command (DREG-CMD) messages with the subscriber station, wherein the DREG-REQ and DREG-CMD messages comprise a starting frame number, an initial paging cycle length, and a final paging cycle length.
30. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
means for negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
means for requesting that the base station change the at least one paging parameter, wherein the means for requesting that the base station change the at least one paging parameter comprises means for sending a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message to the base station, wherein the RNG-REQ message comprises a paging parameter request type-length-value (TLV) that specifies the requested change to the at least one paging parameter;
means for receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
means for changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode.
31. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
means for negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
means for receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
means for changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode,
wherein the means for receiving the directions to change the at least one paging parameter comprises means for receiving a ranging response (RNG-RSP) message from the base station, wherein the RNG-RSP message comprises a paging information TLV that specifies at least one change to be made to the at least one paging parameter.
32. The subscriber station of claim 30, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging listening interval length, wherein the means for receiving the directions to change the paging listening interval length comprises means for receiving a paging message from the base station, and wherein the paging message comprises a new value for the paging listening interval length.
33. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
means for negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
means for receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle, the means for receiving the directions from the base station to dynamically increase the paging cycle comprises means for exchanging deregistration request (DREG-REQ) and deregistration command (DREG-CMD) messages with the base station, and the DREG-REQ and DREG-CMD messages comprise a starting frame number, an initial paging cycle length, and a final paging cycle length; and
means for changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the means for changing the paging cycle comprises means for dynamically increasing the paging cycle.
34. A subscriber station that is configured for changing paging parameters in idle mode, comprising:
means for negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
means for receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
means for changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the at least one paging parameter comprises a paging cycle, and wherein the means for changing the paging cycle comprises means for dynamically increasing the paging cycle, wherein the means for dynamically increasing the paging cycle comprises means for starting a next paging listening interval min{previous paging cycle length\xd72, final paging cycle length} frames after a start of a previous paging listening interval.
35. A base station that is configured for selecting a paging offset, comprising:
means for receiving a requested paging cycle from a subscriber station;
means for selecting the paging offset so that the paging offset is randomly distributed within a range of the requested paging cycle; and
means for notifying the subscriber station about the selected paging offset.
36. An Access Service Network-Gateway (ASN-GW) that is configured for selecting a paging offset, comprising:
means for maintaining paging offset utilization status for a paging group;
means for calculating loading of individual paging offset values for the paging group based on the paging offset utilization status and a paging cycle that is requested by a subscriber station; and
means for selecting a least loaded paging offset value for the subscriber station.
37. A computer-program product for a base station to change paging parameters in idle mode, the computer-program product comprising a computer-readable medium having instructions thereon, the instructions comprising:
code for negotiating the paging parameters with a subscriber station so that the subscriber station can enter the idle mode;
code for changing at least one paging parameter at the base station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
code for directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode, wherein the code for directing the subscriber station to change the at least one paging parameter comprises:
code for requesting a location update from the subscriber station;
code for receiving a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message from the subscriber station; and
code for sending a ranging response (RNG-RSP) message to the subscriber station, wherein the RNG-RSP message comprises a paging information type-length-value that specifies the change to the at least one paging parameter.
38. A computer-program product for a subscriber station to change paging parameters in idle mode, the computer-program product comprising a computer-readable medium having instructions thereon, the instructions comprising:
code for negotiating the paging parameters with a base station so that the subscriber station can enter idle mode;
code for requesting directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station, the requesting directions comprising sending a ranging request (RNG-REQ) message to the base station, wherein the RNG-REQ message comprises a paging parameter request type-length-value (TLV) that specifies the requested change to the at least one paging parameter;
code for receiving directions from the base station to change at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode; and
code for changing the at least one paging parameter at the subscriber station after the subscriber station has entered the idle mode.
39. A computer-program product for a base station to select a paging offset, the computer-program product comprising a computer-readable medium having instructions thereon, the instructions comprising:
code for receiving a requested paging cycle from a subscriber station;
code for selecting the paging offset so that the paging offset is randomly distributed within a range of the requested paging cycle; and
code for notifying the subscriber station about the selected paging offset.
40. A computer-program product for an Access Service Network-Gateway (ASN-GW) to select a paging offset, the computer-program product comprising a computer-readable medium having instructions thereon, the instructions comprising:
code for maintaining paging offset utilization status for a paging group;
code for calculating loading of individual paging offset values for the paging group based on the paging offset utilization status and a paging cycle that is requested by a subscriber station; and
code for selecting a least loaded paging offset value for the subscriber station.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A multi-view display apparatus comprising:
a screen;
a projection lens aligned with the screen in an optical path;
two spatial light modulators for reflecting light;
a plurality of light sources for radiating the light in turn;
an optical guidance system for dividing the light into two portions and guiding the two portions of the light to the spatial light modulators respectively; to and
a combining prism for transmitting the light that is reflected from the spatial light modulators to the projection lens, so that the screen receives the light that is projected from the projection lens.
2. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the screen comprises a Fresnel lens acting as a collimating lens.
3. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the screen comprises:
a diffuser having a first side and a second side opposing to each other;
a first array of cylinder lenses disposed on the first side of the diffuser for receiving the light from the projection lens; and
a second array of cylinder lenses disposed on the second side of the diffuser, wherein a focal length less of the second array of cylinder lenses is less than a focal length less of the first array of cylinder lenses.
4. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical guidance system comprises:
a double-sided mirror;
two relay modules; and
a plurality of collimating lenses for collimating the light radiated by the light sources respectively, wherein the double-sided mirror reflects a portion of the light transmitted from any of the collimating lenses to one of the two relay modules, and then said one of the two relay modules guides the portion of the light to one of the two spatial light modulators; the double-sided mirror doesn’t reflect the other portion of the light, and another of the two relay modules directly guides the other portion of the light to another of the two spatial light modulators.
5. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 4, wherein the relay modules comprise:
a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a first reflective mirror and a second reflective mirror, wherein from the double-sided mirror to the one of the two spatial light modulators, in sequential order as the light passes therethrough: the first lens, the first reflective mirror, the second lens, the second reflective mirror and the third lens; and
a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a third reflective mirror and a fourth reflective mirror, wherein from the double-sided mirror to said another of the two spatial light modulators, in sequential order as the light passes therethrough:
the fourth lens, the third reflective mirror, the fifth lens, the fourth reflective mirror and the sixth lens.
6. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
two total internal reflection prisms disposed between the combining prism and the two spatial light modulators respectively, wherein the light reflected by any of the spatial light modulators is transmitted through a corresponding one of the two total internal reflection prisms and combining prism to the projection lens.
7. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the light sources is a LED Module.
8. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of light drivers for driving the LED Modules respectively; and
a digital signal processor coupled with the light drivers for controlling illumination timing of the LED Modules.
9. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 1, wherein one of the two spatial light modulators is a first digital micro-mirror device, and the other is a second digital micro-mirror device.
10. The multi-view display apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
a first controller for controlling an onoff state of the first digital micro-mirror device, so that when the first digital micro-mirror device is turned on, the combining prism receives the light reflected by the first digital micro-mirror device; and
a second controller for controlling an onoff state of the second digital micro-mirror device, so that when the second digital micro-mirror device is turned on, the combining prism receives the light reflected by the second digital micro-mirror device.