Author: claimsbot

1. Variable valve lift device for the lift adjustment of gas-exchange valves of an internal combustion engine with one arrangement or two arrangements of following elements:
a rocker lever with a work curve, which runs in a slotted link actuated by means of a camshaft, whereby the center of rotation of the rocker lever is determined by means of an eccentric, in order to adjust the valve lift of an gas-exchange valve, a means for valve actuation and a spring, which presses the rocker lever against a cam of the camshaft, and a spring, which presses the rocker lever against an eccentric shaft, characterized in that:
a valve lift device (1) shows a rotatable eccentric shaft (3) which consists of several eccentrics (4,5) and whereby the eccentrics (4,5) are positioned within a circle, which is formed by the external diameter of a bearing (6,7) of the eccentric shaft (3).
2. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric shaft (3) is pluggable through a through-going drilling in the cylinder head material, and is bedded directly in the through-going drilling in the cylinder head.
3. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric shaft (3) is mountable as pluggable eccentric shaft (3) from one of the front walls of the cylinder head.
4. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric shaft (3) is bedded in a separate housing, which is connected with the cylinder head.
5. Valve lift device according to claim 4, characterized in that a camshaft (8) is bedded within the housing.
6. Valve lift device according to claim 4, characterized in that in the housing the eccentric shaft (3), rocker levers (9, 10), the camshaft (8) and the slotted link (11) is bedded as pre-mounted unit.
7. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric shaft (3) is bedded within the cylinder head by means of anti-friction bearings.
8. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric has a circular radially-outer surface and is limited by means of the external diameters of the bearing (6, 7) of the eccentric shaft (3).
9. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum diameter of the eccentric shaft (3) is provided as bearing of the eccentric shaft (3) within the cylinder head.
10. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric shaft (3) is arranged parallelly to the camshaft (8).
11. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric shaft (3) is hydraulically adjustable.
12. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric shaft (3) is adjustable by means of an electric engine, which is provided in an alignment with the camshaft (7) or with the eccentric shaft (3).
13. Valve lift device according to claim 12, characterized in that the axis of the electric engine is provided parallelly to the camshaft axis or parallelly to the eccentric shaft axis.
14. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentrics (4, 5) in an arrangement with two or several inlet valves or outlet valves are arranged distortedly towards each other at an angle a, so that in a rotation position of the eccentric shaft (3) a different valve lift results for the valves (2).
15. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that in one cylinder head for the actuation of inlet valves and outlet valves several eccentric shafts (3) are provided.
16. Valve lift device according to claim 15, characterized in that the eccentric shafts (3) of several inlet valves or outlet valves differ with respect to the contour of the eccentrics (4, 5).
17. Valve lift device according to claim 16, characterized in that the valves (2) of contiguous cylinders with different eccentric contours are to be actuated by means of rocker levers (9, 10).
18. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that camshaft contours for the valves (2), which belong to one cylinder, are formed differently.
19. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that work contours of rocker levers (9, 10), which are in contact with the eccentric shaft (3), form a flat plane.
20. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that work contours of rocker levers (9, 10), which are in contact with the eccentric shaft (3), form a concave or convex plane.
21. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentrics (4, 5) are in contact with a bedded roller of rocker levers (9, 10).
22. Valve lift device according to claim 1, characterized in that the work contour (12) of the rocker lever (9) is formed differently from the work contour (13) of the second rocker lever (10), which are directly connected with each other by means of an axis (14).

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A trampoline including
a base, which includes a frame and including,
a jumping sheet, which has hook elements, preferably on its lower side,
wherein the jumping sheet is connected to the frame by means of a plurality of annular strap sections, which each extend at least partially around the frame and are inserted into the hook elements,
characterised in that,
the hook elements have a first receiving section and a second receiving section, which are arranged separated from one another such that the two loop ends of the strap section, which are produced by the looping of a strap section around the frame and are inserted, respectively, into the first and second receiving sections of the hook element, and the two loop ends do not, or substantially do not, contact one another.
2. A trampoline is claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the first receiving section and the second receiving section are arranged substantially at the same height.
3. A trampoline as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section in the region of the receiving sections is of part-circular rounded shape and preferably has an angle of at least 160\xb0, particularly of ca. 180\xb0.
4. A trampoline as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the first receiving section and the second receiving section are separated by a fastening web for fastening the hook element to the jumping sheet.
5. A trampoline as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the fastening web has a preferably closed fastening opening at its rear end.
6. A trampoline as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that in the inserted state of the strap section, one loop end is arranged above the fastening web and one loop end is arranged below the fastening web.
7. A trampoline as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the hook element has two side walls, which prevent sliding of the strap section out of the hook element.
8. A trampoline as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the side walls project substantially perpendicularly from the associated receiving section.
9. A trampoline as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the side walls broaden towards their free end.
10. A trampoline as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the fastening web broadens towards its end connected to the jumping sheet.
11. A trampoline as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the hook element is manufactured in the form of an injection moulded component.
12. A trampoline including:
a frame;
a jumping sheet connected to the frame by at least one hook element, each hook element comprising:
a first receiving section for receiving a first loop end of a strap section connected to the frame,
a second receiving section for receiving a second loop end of the strap section,
a connecting web for connecting the hook element to an associated the jumping sheet, and
wherein the first and second receiving sections extend side by side and are separated from one another by said connecting web such that the loop ends of the strap section inserted into the hook element do not, or substantially do not, contact one another, and wherein the connecting web is oriented in the same direction as are the first and second receiving sections.
13. A trampoline as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the first and second receiving sections are arranged substantially at the same height.
14. A trampoline as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the cross-section in the region of the receiving section is of part-circular rounded shape and preferably has an angle of ca. 180\xb0.
15. A trampoline as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the connecting web has a preferably closed connecting opening at its rear end.
16. A trampoline as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the hook element has two side walls, which prevent sliding of the strap section out of the hook element.
17. A trampoline as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that the side walls project substantially perpendicularly from the associated receiving section.
18. A trampoline as claimed in claim 16, characterised in that the side walls broaden towards their free ends.
19. A trampoline as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the connecting web broadens towards its end connected to the jumping sheet.
20. A trampoline as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the hook element is manufactured in the form of an injection moulded component.
21. A trampoline comprising:
a frame;
a trampoline sheet connected to the frame by a hook element, the hook element comprising:
a longitudinal axis;
a first receiving section for accommodating a first portion of a strap connected to the frame;
a second receiving section for accommodating a second portion of the strap, the first and second receiving sections extending at least partially side by side; and,

a fastening web extending parallel to the longitudinal axis and connected to the trampoline sheet, wherein the fastening web is disposed between the first and second receiving sections.
22. The trampoline of claim 21 wherein the fastening web comprises an aperture for accommodating a strap secured to the trampoline sheet.
23. The trampoline of claim 22 wherein the opening has a smooth upper surface.
24. The trampoline of claim 21 wherein the receiving sections are wider than is a width of the fastening web.

1. A composition comprising orinithine andor one or more branched amino acids in a concentration effective for treating or preventing inflammatory disease.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in the L-form.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the branched amino acids are at selected from the group consisting of leucine, isoleucine and valine.
4. The composition of claim 1, which comprises ornithine and one or more branched amino acids.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ornithine is an ornithine derivative which is a peptide comprising ornithine as the constitutive amino acid thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1, which is in a form suitable for administration to a subject in need thereof.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein said form is a form suitable for oral administration.
8. The composition of claim 6, wherein said form is a medicinal form.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the medicinal form is a supplement or a transfusion.
10. The composition of claim 6, wherein said form is a food or a drink.
11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the food or drink is selected from the group consisting of a medical food, a health food, a specified health food, a medical drink, a health drink, and a specified health drink.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ornithine and branched amino acids may be a free amino acids, a salts, or a derivatives that may be converted into a free amino acids in vivo.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein said inflammatory disease is an arthritic disease.
14. A method for treating or preventing an inflammatory disease, which comprises administering an effective amount of ornithine andor one or more branched amino acids to a subject in need thereof.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in a form suitable for oral administration.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in a medicinal form.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the medicinal form is a supplement or a transfusion.
18. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine andor branched amino acids are in a food or a drink.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the food or drink is selected from the group consisting of a medical food, a health food, a specified health food, a medical drink, a health drink, and a specified health drink.
20. The method of claim 14, wherein the ornithine and branched amino acids may be a free amino acids, a salts, or a derivatives that may be converted into a free amino acids in vivo.
21. The method of claim 14, wherein said inflammatory disease is an arthritic diseases.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A receiving end apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system, comprising:
a first calculator for calculating a pairwise error rate (PER) for each modulation scheme combination which comprise elements smaller than or equal to receive antennas in number;
a second calculator for calculating a symbol error rate (SER) per stream for the each modulation scheme combination using the pairwise error rates;
a converter for converting symbol error rates to effective signal to noise ratios (SNRs); and
a determiner for determining one among sets of effective signal to noise ratio per stream acquired from the each modulation scheme combination, as a final effective signal to noise ratio per stream.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first calculator calculates a distance between two transmit symbol vectors multiplied by an effective channel matrix in a constellation, a sum of transmit powers of streams, and a square root of a product of a reciprocal of a noise power, and calculates a pairwise error rate between the two transmit symbol vectors using the square root and a Gaussian Q function.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second calculator calculates the symbol error rate of a stream by summing pairwise error rates of transmit symbol vector pairs which cause a symbol error of the stream.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second calculator calculates the symbol error rates based on the following equation:
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where Ps,l(m|\u0124eff) denotes a symbol error rate of an m-th stream of Mset(l) when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, P(\u015dl,i) denotes a probability of transmitting \u015dl,i, km(\u015dl,i,\u015dl,j) denotes a variable indicating whether symbols of the m-th stream in \u015dl,i and \u015dl,j are different or not, P(\u015dl,i\u2192\u015dl,j|\u0124eff) denotes a probability of misjudging \u015dl,i as \u015dl,j when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, fm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error component of the m-th stream according to an estimation error of the effective channel matrix, and NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the converter converts the symbol error rates to the effective signal to noise ratios based on the following equation:
SNReff,lML(m)=SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m))+gm(e,\u0124eff)
where SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of an m-th stream when a modulation scheme is Mset(l), SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m)) denotes a symbol error rate inverse function corresponding to the modulation scheme of the m-th stream, Mset(l,m) denotes the modulation scheme of the m-th stream of Mset(l), and gm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error due to an effective channel matrix estimation error.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determiner selects one among the sets of the effective signal to noise ratio per stream which meets a required signal to noise ratio of a corresponding modulation scheme.
7. The receiving end of claim 6, wherein the determiner selects one set of the effective signal to noise ratio per stream, the one set having a maximum data rate, which meets the required signal to noise ratio of the corresponding modulation scheme.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the determiner determines the final effective signal to noise ratio set per stream based on the following equation:
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where l denotes a modulation scheme combination index, NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams, Mset(l,m) denotes a modulation scheme of an m-stream, c(m) denotes a channel code rate of the m-th stream, R(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a data rate when the modulation scheme of the m-stream is Mset(l,m) and a channel code rate is c(m), SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of the m-th stream when the modulation scheme is Mset(l), and SNRreq(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a required signal to noise ratio to define the modulation scheme of the m-th stream as Mset(l,m) and to define the channel code rate as c(m).
9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
an estimator for estimating a channel to a transmitting end using a receive signal, and constituting an effective channel matrix by taking into account a signal processing on transmit symbol vectors in the transmitting end and a signal processing on receive symbol vectors in the receiving end.
10. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
a transmitter for feeding information of the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream or information of the modulation scheme combination corresponding to the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream, back to the transmitting end.
11. An operating method of a receiving end in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication system, the method comprising:
calculating pairwise error rates (PERs) for each modulation scheme combination which comprise elements smaller than or equal to receive antennas in number;
calculating symbol error rates (SERs) for the each modulation scheme combination using the pairwise error rates;
converting the symbol error rates to effective signal to noise ratios (SNRs); and
determining one among sets of effective signal to noise ratio per stream acquired from the each modulation scheme combination, as a final effective signal to noise ratio per stream.
12. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the pairwise error rates each are calculated using a distance between two transmit symbol vectors multiplied by an effective channel matrix in a constellation, a sum of transmit powers of streams, a square root of a product of a reciprocal of a noise power, and a Gaussian Q function.
13. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the symbol error rates per stream each are calculated by summing pairwise error rates of transmit symbol vector pairs which cause a symbol error of the stream.
14. The operating method of claim 13, wherein the symbol error rates each are calculated based on the following equation:
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where Ps,l(m|\u0124eff) denotes an symbol error rate of an m-th stream of Mset(l) when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, P(\u015dl,i) denotes a probability of transmitting \u015dl,i, km(\u015dl,i,\u015dl,j) denotes a variable indicating whether symbols of the m-th stream in \u015dl,i and \u015dl,j are different or not, P(\u015dl,i\u2192\u015dl,j|\u0124eff) denotes a probability of misjudging \u015dl,i as \u015dl,j when the effective channel matrix is \u0124eff, fm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error component of the m-th stream according to an estimation error of the effective channel matrix, and NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams.
15. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the symbol error rates are converted to the effective signal to noise ratios based on the following equation:
SNReff,lML(m)=SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m))+gm(e,\u0124eff)
where SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of an m-th stream when a modulation scheme is Mset(l), SER\u22121(Ps,l(m|\u0124eff),Mset(l,m)) denotes a symbol error rate inverse function corresponding to the modulation scheme of the m-th stream, Mset(l,m) denotes the modulation scheme of the m-th stream of Mset(l), and gm(e,\u0124eff) denotes a compensation value of an error due to an effective channel matrix estimation error.
16. The operating method of claim 11, wherein the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream is one among the sets of the effective signal to noise ratio per stream which meets a required signal to noise ratio of a corresponding modulation scheme.
17. The operating method of claim 16, wherein the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream is one set of effective signal to noise ratio per stream, the one set having a maximum data rate, which meets the required signal to noise ratio of the corresponding modulation scheme.
18. The operating method of claim 17, wherein the final effective signal to noise ratio set per stream is determined based on the following equation:
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l

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where l denotes a modulation scheme combination index, NT,eff denotes a number of effective streams, Mset(l,m) denotes a modulation scheme of an m-stream, c(m) denotes a channel code rate of the m-th stream, R(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a data rate when the modulation scheme of the m-stream is Mset(l,m) and a channel code rate is c(m), SNReff,lML(m) denotes an effective signal to noise ratio of the m-th stream when the modulation scheme is Mset(l), and SNRreq(Mset(l,m),c(m)) denotes a required signal to noise ratio to define the modulation scheme of the m-th stream as Mset(l,m) and to define the channel code rate as c(m).
19. The operating method of claim 11, further comprising:
estimating a channel to a transmitting end using a receive signal; and
constituting an effective channel matrix by taking into account a signal processing on transmit symbol vectors in the transmitting end and a signal processing on receive symbol vectors in the receiving end.
20. The operating method of claim 11, further comprising:
feeding information of the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream or information of the modulation scheme combination corresponding to the final effective signal to noise ratio per stream, back to a transmitting end.