1. An admission control method in a network that facilitates differentiated end-to-end data transport between a Network Service Provider (NSP) andor an Application Service Provider (ASP) and a customer Premises Network (CPN) that includes Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), comprising:
obtaining from a user of the RAN policy information associated with services accessed through the network;
establishing communication between a node in the network and the NSP andor the ASP and between the node in the network and the CPN using a resource reservation protocol (RSVP) to request resources for a flow having one of the services associated therewith between the NSP andor the ASP and the CPN; and
determining at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services.
2. The admission control method of claim 1, wherein determining at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the network comprises:
establishing a common open policy service protocol (COPS) session to communicate the request for resources from the node in the network to the data processing system;
determining at the data processing system whether to grant or deny access to the RAN to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services; and
establishing a COPS session to communicate the determination of whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow from the data processing system to the node in the network.
3. The admission control method of claim 1, wherein the node in the network is a broadband remote access server (BRAS).
4. The admission control method of claim 1, wherein the node in the network is a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM).
5. An admission control method in a network that facilitates differentiated end-to-end data transport between a Network Service Provider (NSP) andor an Application Service Provider (ASP) and a customer Premises Network (CPN) that includes Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), comprising:
obtaining from a user of the network policy information associated with services accessed through the network;
establishing a flow between the ASP andor NSP and the CPE;
snooping the flow at a node in the network to determine one of the services associated with the flow; and
determining at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services.
6. The admission control method of claim 5, wherein the node in the network is a broadband remote access server (BRAS) having an application level gateway (ALG) function.
7. The admission control method of claim 5, wherein the node in the network is a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) having an application level gateway (ALG) function.
8. The admission control method of claim 5, wherein snooping the flow at a node in the network comprises:
examining a logical structure of a packet in the flow at a node in the network to determine a protocol associated with the flow.
9. A system for controlling admission to a network that facilitates differentiated end-to-end data transport between a Network Service Provider (NSP) andor an Application Service Provider (ASP) and a customer Premises Network (CPN) that includes Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), comprising:
means for obtaining from a user of the network policy information associated with services accessed through the network;
means for establishing communication between a node in the network and the NSP andor the ASP and between the node in the network and the CPN using a resource reservation protocol (RSVP) to request resources for a flow having one of the services associated therewith between the NSP andor the ASP and the CPN; and
means for determining at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the RAN to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services.
10. The admission control system of claim 9, wherein the means for determining at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the network comprises:
means for establishing a common open policy service protocol (COPS) session to communicate the request for resources from the node in the network to the data processing system;
means for determining at the data processing system whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services; and
means for establishing a COPS session to communicate the determination of whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow from the data processing system to the node in the network.
11. The admission control system of claim 9, wherein the node in the network is a broadband remote access server (BRAS).
12. The admission control system of claim 9, wherein the node in the network is a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM).
13. A system for controlling admission to a network that facilitates differentiated end-to-end data transport between a Network Service Provider (NSP) andor an Application Service Provider (ASP) and a customer Premises Network (CPN) that includes Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), comprising:
means for obtaining from a user of the network policy information associated with services accessed through the network;
means for establishing a flow between the ASP andor NSP and the CPE;
means for snooping the flow at a node in the network to determine one of the services associated with the flow; and
means for determining at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the RAN to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services.
14. The admission control system of claim 13, wherein the node in the network is a broadband remote access server (BRAS) having an application level gateway (ALG) function.
15. The admission control system of claim 13, wherein the node in the network is a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) having an application level gateway (ALG) function.
16. The admission control system of claim 13, wherein the means for snooping the flow at a node in the network comprises:
means for examining a logical structure of a packet in the flow at a node in the network to determine a protocol associated with the flow.
17. A computer program product for controlling admission to a network that facilitates differentiated end-to-end data transport between a Network Service Provider (NSP) andor an Application Service Provider (ASP) and a customer Premises Network (CPN) that includes Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, the computer readable program code comprising:
computer readable program code configured to obtain from a user of the network policy information associated with services accessed through the network;
computer readable program code configured to establish communication between a node in the network and the NSP andor the ASP and between the node in the network and the CPN using a resource reservation protocol (RSVP) to request resources for a flow having one of the services associated therewith between the NSP andor the ASP and the CPN; and
computer readable program code configured to determine at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services.
18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the computer readable program code configured to determine at the node in the network whether to grant or deny admission to the network comprises:
computer readable program code configured to establish a common open policy service protocol (COPS) session to communicate the request for resources from the node in the network to the data processing system;
computer readable program code configured to determine at the data processing system whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services; and
computer readable program code configured to establish a COPS session to communicate the determination of whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow from the data processing system to the node in the network.
19. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the node in the network is a broadband remote access server (BRAS).
20. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein the node in the network is a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM).
21. A computer program product for controlling admission to a network that facilitates differentiated end-to-end data transport between a Network Service Provider (NSP) andor an Application Service Provider (ASP) and a customer Premises Network (CPN) that includes Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, the computer readable program code comprising:
computer readable program code configured to obtain from a user of the network policy information associated with services accessed through the network;
computer readable program code configured to establish a flow between the ASP andor NSP and the CPE;
computer readable program code configured to snoop the flow at a node in the network to determine one of the services associated with the flow; and
computer readable program code configured to determine at the node in the network whether to grant or deny access to the network to the flow based on the policy associated with the one of the services.
22. The computer program product of claim 21, wherein the node in the network is a broadband remote access server (BRAS) having an application level gateway (ALG) function.
23. The computer program product of claim 21, wherein the node in the network is a digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM) having an application level gateway (ALG) function.
24. The computer program product of claim 21, wherein the computer readable program code configured to snoop the flow at a node in the network comprises:
computer readable program code configured to examine a logical structure of a packet in the flow at a node in the network to determine a protocol associated with the flow.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A magnetoresistance effect element comprising:
a magnetoresistance effect film including a magnetization fixed layer having a ferromagnetic film in which the direction of magnetization is substantially fixed to one direction, a magnetization free layer having a ferromagnetic film in which the direction of magnetization varies in response to an external magnetic field, and a non-magnetic intermediate layer provided between the magnetization fixed layer and the magnetization free layer;
a pair of electrodes which are electrically connected to the magnetoresistance effect film and configured to apply a current in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the magnetoresistance effect film; and
a resistance regulating layer containing an oxide, a nitride, a fluoride, a carbide or a boride;
the resistance regulating layer formed in the non-magnetic intermediate layer or on the interface between the non-magnetic intermediate layer and at least one of the magnetization fixed layer and the magnetization free layer,
the ferromagnetic film of the magnetization fixed layer comprising a stacked structure, which has at least a non-magnetic layer and two first magnetic layers sandwiching the non-magnetic layer, and a second magnetic layer formed of Fe or an Fe base alloy having a body-centered cubic structure, magnetizations of the first magnetic layers are substantially parallel to each other and substantially arranged in the same direction, and
the ferromagnetic film of the magnetization free layer comprising a third magnetic layer formed of Fe or an Fe base alloy having a body-centered cubic structure and a fourth magnetic layer having a face-centered cubic structure stacked on the third magnetic layer.
2. A magnetoresistance effect element as set forth in claim 1, wherein the resistance regulating layer has a hole or holes provided with metal therein, two adjacent layers which contact the resistance regulating layer have an electric conduction substantially limited to conduction through the hole of the resistance regulating layer.