All The Claims

1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected to the switching elements, and a plurality of lead lines including contact portions; and
a driving circuit mounted on the display panel and connected to the contact portions of the lead lines for receiving signals from an external device and to the data lines or the gate lines for applying data voltages or gate signals,
wherein at least one of the lead lines has a first portion having a first width and a second portion connected to the contact portion and having a second width larger than the first width.
2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first width of the at least one of the lead lines is smaller than a width of other one of the lead lines.
3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the at least one of the lead lines is shorter than the other one of the lead lines.
4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the lead lines includes a lower film and an upper film.
5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the upper film has an opening exposing a portion of the lower film.
6. The display device of claim 5, wherein the at least one of the lead lines is covered with an insulating layer having a contact hole exposing the exposed portion of the lower film and the display panel further comprises a contact assistant formed on the insulating layer and contacting the exposed portions of the lower film through the contact hole.
7. The display device of claim 6, wherein the opening of the upper film is smaller than the contact hole.
8. The display device of claim 7, wherein the contact hole has a curved edge.
9. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected to the switching elements, and a plurality of lead lines including contact portions; and
a driving circuit mounted on the display panel and connected to the contact portions of the lead lines for receiving signals from an external device and to the data lines or the gate lines for applying data voltages or gate signals,
wherein each of the lead lines has a first portion having a first width and a second portion connected to the contact portion and having a second width larger than a predetermined value and the first width of at least one of the lead lines is different from the second width of the at least one of the lead lines.
10. The display device of claim 9, wherein the first widths of the lead lines are different.
11. The display device of claim 10, wherein the lead lines have different lengths such that the first widths of the longer lead lines are larger.
12. The display device of claim 11, wherein the lead lines have substantially the same resistance.
13. The display device of claim 11, wherein the second widths of the lead lines are substantially equal to each other.
14. The display device of claim 13, wherein the second portions of the lead lines have substantially the same length.
15. The display device of claim 9, wherein the lead lines transmit image data and the driving circuit is connected to the data lines.
16. The display device of claim 9, wherein each of the lead lines includes a lower film and an upper film.
17. The display device of claim 16, wherein the upper film of each of the contact portions has an opening exposing a portion of the lower film thereof.
18. The display device of claim 17, wherein the lead lines are covered with an insulating layer having contact holes exposing the exposed portions of the lower films of the contact portions and the display panel further comprises a plurality of contact assistants formed on the insulating layer and contacting the exposed portions of the lower films of the contact portions through the contact holes.
19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the upper films are undercut under the insulating layer at the contact holes.
20. The display device of claim 19, wherein the contact holes have curved edges.
21. The display device of claim 9, wherein the lead lines include the same layer as the gate lines.
22. The display device of claim 9, further comprising a flexible printed circuit film attached to the display panel and including a plurality of signal lines connected to the lead lines.
23. The display device of claim 9, further comprising a controller electrically connected to the flexible printed circuit film.
24. A display panel adapted to mounting a driving chip, the display panel comprising:
a plurality of gate lines;
a plurality of data lines;
a plurality of switching elements connected to the gate lines and the data lines;
a plurality of pixel electrodes connected to the switching elements; and
a plurality of lead lines, each lead line including a first contact portion to be connected to the driving chip, a second contact portion to be connected to an external device, a main portion connected to the second contact portion, and a subsidiary portion connected between the first contact portion and the main portion,
wherein the lead lines have different lengths, the main portions of the lead lines have different widths, and the subsidiary portions of the lead lines have substantially the same width and length.
25. The display panel of claim 24, wherein the lead lines have substantially the same resistance.
26. The display device of claim 25, wherein each of the lead lines comprises a lower film and an upper film and the upper film of the contact portion of each of the lead lines has an opening exposing a portion of the lower film.
27. The display device of claim 26, further comprising:
an insulating layer formed on the lead lines and having contact holes exposing the exposed portions of the lower films of the contact portions; and
a plurality of contact assistants formed on the insulating layer and contacting the exposed portions of the lower films of the contact portions through the contact holes.
28. The display device of claim 27, wherein the upper films are undercut at the contact holes.
29. The display device of claim 28, wherein the contact holes have curved edges.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A security system for use in a process plant having a process control system that performs product manufacturing related control functions and a safety system that performs safety related control functions with respect to the process plant, comprising:
a computer having a processor and a memory;
a process controller communicatively coupled to the computer and adapted to perform process control functionality using one or more process control field devices;
a safety system controller communicatively coupled to the computer and adapted to perform safety system functionality using one or more safety system field devices;
a security database adapted to store access privileges related to both the process control functionality and the safety system functionality;
one or more user applications stored in the memory of the computer and adapted to be executed on the processor to communicate process control system messages to or from the process controller and to communicate safety system messages to or from the safety controller; and
an integrated security application stored on the memory of the computer and adapted to be executed on the processor to use the security database to enable a user of the one or more user applications to access both the process controller and the safety system controller via the process control system messages and the safety system messages based on access privileges for the user stored in the security database.
2. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database stores access privileges for one or more user accounts, wherein each user account includes access privileges for a separate user entity and wherein the user of the one or more user applications is the user entity of at least one of the one or more user accounts.
3. The security system of claim 2, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of a particular user account.
4. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of the computer in which the one or more user applications are executed.
5. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database stores access privileges for one or more user accounts, wherein each user account includes access privileges for a separate user entity, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of a particular user account and based on an identity of the computer in which the one or more user applications are executed.
6. The security system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more user applications is a configuration application that enables configuration of both the process controller and the safety system controller.
7. The security system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more user applications is a diagnostics application that enables a user to perform diagnostics with respect to both the process controller and the safety system controller.
8. The security system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more user applications is a viewing application that enables a user to view data with respect to both the process control system and the safety system on a single user display.
9. The security system of claim 8, wherein at least one of the one or more user applications is a write application that enables the user to change parameters within the process control system and the safety system.
10. The security system of claim 9, wherein the security database includes a procedures database that stores a write procedure for implementing a write to the safety system and wherein the security application automatically implements the write procedure when the at least one of the one or more user applications implements a write to the safety system.
11. The security system of claim 10, wherein the write procedure is a repeat write confirmation procedure that sends two write commands to perform a write.
12. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system and wherein the security database is adapted to store a first one of the possible levels of access privileges for a particular user for the process control system and a second and different one of the possible levels of access privileges for the particular user for the safety system.
13. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein a first one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to read parameters from the process control system or the safety system and a second one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to write parameters to the process control system or to the safety system.
14. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to create logic to be implemented in the process control system or in the safety system.
15. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to download logic to be implemented in the process control system or in the safety system to the process controller or to the safety system controller.
16. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to write parameters in the process control system or in the safety system.
17. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to calibrate a device within the process control system or a device within the safety system.
18. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges for each of a multiplicity of different users, wherein an access privilege for a particular user defines a first access privilege for the process control system and a second access privilege for the safety system.
19. The security system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the one or more user applications is adapted to present a display to a user having a first set of fields related to the process control system and a second set of fields related to the safety system and wherein the security application detects if an operation is being made to the process control system or to the safety system based on an identity of a field of the display.
20. The security system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more user applications is adapted to present a display to a user having a first set of fields related to the process control system and a second set of fields related to the safety system, with each field in the first and the second sets of fields having an associated tag, and wherein the security application detects if an operation is being made to the process control system or to the safety system based on the tag associated with a field of the display.
21. The security system of claim 20, wherein each tag includes a path that defines whether an associated one of the fields is associated with a process control system unit or with a safety system unit.
22. The security system of claim 1, wherein the security application detects if an operation within one of the one or more user applications is being made to a process control system unit or to a safety system unit and applies access privileges as stored in the security database based on whether the operation is being made to a process control system unit or to a safety system unit.
23. The security system of claim 22, wherein the security application stores a security procedure to be implemented based on whether or not the operation is being made to a safety system unit and wherein the security application implements the security procedure when the operation is being made to a safety system unit.
24. A security system for use in a process plant having a process control system that performs product manufacturing related control related functions using one or more process control field devices and a safety system that performs safety related control functions using one or more safety field devices, the security system comprising:
a computer having a processor and a memory;
a process controller communicatively coupled to the computer and adapted to perform process control system functionality using the one or more process control field devices;
a safety system controller communicatively coupled to the computer and adapted to perform safety system functionality using the one or more safety system field devices;
a security database adapted to store access privileges related to both the process control system functionality and the safety system functionality;
one or more user applications stored in the memory of the computer and adapted to be executed on the processor to communicate process control system messages to or from the process controller and to communicate safety system messages to or from the safety system controller using a common communication format, wherein each message has a data field indicating whether the message is associated with a process control system entity or a safety system entity; and
an integrated security application stored on the memory and adapted to be executed on the processor to distinguish whether an operation to be implemented by one of the one or more user applications is related to a process control system entity or to a safety system entity and to use the security database to enable a user of the one of the one or more user applications to perform the operation based on access privileges for the user stored in the security database.
25. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database stores access privileges for one or more user accounts, wherein each user account includes access privileges for a separate user entity and wherein the user of the one or more user applications is the user entity of at least one of the one or more user accounts.
26. The security system of claim 24, wherein the data field of each message that indicates whether the message is associated with a process control system entity or a safety system entity is an address field.
27. The security system of claim 24, wherein the data field of each message that indicates whether the message is associated with a process control system entity or a safety system entity is a tag indicating a communication path.
28. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security application distinguishes whether an operation to be implemented by the one of the one or more user applications is related to a process control system entity or to a safety system entity based on the data field within a message associated with the operation.
29. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system entities and the safety system entities based on an identity of a particular user
30. The security system of claim 29, wherein the security database stores access privileges for one or more user accounts, wherein each user account includes access privileges for a separate user entity and identity of the particular user is determined as the user entity of at least one of the one or more user accounts.
31. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system entities and the safety system entities based on an identity of the computer in which the one of the one or more user applications is executed.
32. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system entities and the safety system entities based on an identity of a particular user and based on an identity of the computer in which the one of the one or more user applications is executed.
33. The security system of claim 24, wherein one of the one or more user applications is a configuration application that enables configuration of both the process control system entities and the safety system entities.
34. The security system of claim 24, wherein one of the one or more user applications is a diagnostics application that enables a user to perform diagnostics with respect to both the process control system entities and the safety system entities.
35. The security system of claim 24, wherein one of the one or more user applications is a write application that enables the user to change parameters within the process control system entities and the safety system entities.
36. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database includes a procedures database that stores a write procedure for implementing a write to one of the process control system entities and the safety system entities and wherein the security application automatically implements the write procedure when the one of the one or more user applications implements a write to the one of the process control system entities and the safety system entities.
37. The security system of claim 36, wherein the write procedure is a repeat write confirmation procedure that sends two write commands.
38. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database stores access privileges for one or more user accounts, wherein each user account includes access privileges for a separate user entity, wherein the security database is also adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges with respect to each of the process control system and the safety system and wherein the security database is adapted to store a first one of the possible levels of access privileges for a particular user account for the process control system and a second and different one of the possible levels of access privileges for the particular user account for the safety system.
39. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database stores access privileges for one or more user accounts, wherein each user account includes access privileges for a separate user entity, and wherein the security database is also adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges with respect to each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein a first one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user account to read parameters from the process control system or the safety system and a second one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user account to write parameters to the process control system or to the safety system.
40. The security system of claim 39, wherein a third one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user account to create logic to be implemented in the process control system or in the safety system.
41. The security system of claim 40, wherein a fourth one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user account to download logic to be implemented in the process control system or in the safety system to the process controller or to the safety system controller.
42. The security system of claim 40, wherein a fifth one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user account to perform a calibration procedure to be implemented in the process control system or in the safety system.
43. The security system of claim 24, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges for each of a multiplicity of different users, wherein the access privileges for a particular user defines a first access privilege for the process control system and a second access privilege for the safety system.
44. A security system for use in a process plant having a process control system with a process controller adapted to perform product manufacturing related control functionality using one or more process control field devices, a safety system having a safety system controller adapted to perform safety related control functionality using one or more safety system field devices, and a host computer having a processor communicatively coupled to the process controller and to the safety system controller and one or more user applications executed on the processor to communicate process control system messages to or from the process controller and to communicate safety system messages to or from the safety controller, the security system comprising:
a memory;
a security database adapted to store access privileges related to both the process control system and the safety system; and
a security application stored on the memory and adapted to be executed on the processor to enable the one or more user applications to access the process control system and the safety system via the process control system messages and the safety system messages based the access privileges stored in the security database.
45. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security database stores access privileges for one or more user accounts, wherein each user account includes access privileges for a separate user entity.
46. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of a particular user.
47. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of the computer in which the one or more user applications are executed.
48. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security database includes a procedures database that stores a write procedure for implementing a write to at least one of the process control system and the safety system and wherein the security application automatically implements the write procedure when the one or more user applications implement a write to the one of the process control system and the safety system.
49. The security system of claim 48, wherein the write procedure is a repeat write confirmation procedure the generates two write commands.
50. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system and wherein the security database is adapted to store a first one of the possible levels of access privileges for a particular user for the process control system and a second and different one of the possible levels of access privileges for the particular user for the safety system.
51. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security database is adapted to store a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein a first one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to read parameters from the process control system or the safety system and a second one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user to write parameters to the process control system or to the safety system.
52. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security database is adapted to store access privileges for each of a multiplicity of different user accounts, wherein the access privileges for each particular user account defines a first access privilege for the process control system and a second access privilege for the safety system.
53. The security system of claim 44, wherein the security application is adapted to detect if an operation within the one or more user applications is being made to a process control system unit or to a safety system unit and to apply access privileges as stored in the security database based on whether the operation is being made to a process control system unit or to a safety system unit.
54. A method of performing security procedures in a process plant having a process control system with a process controller adapted to perform product manufacturing control functionality using one or more process control field devices and a safety system having a safety system controller adapted to perform safety related functionality using one or more safety system field devices, the method comprising:
storing access privileges related to both the process control system and the safety system in a security database;
detecting whether an action to be taken with respect to the process plant is an action related to the process control system or to the safety system;
determining an appropriate set of access privileges from the security database based on whether the action to be taken is related to the process control system or to the safety system; and
preventing or allowing the action to be taken based on the appropriate set of access privileges.
55. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein storing access privileges in the security database includes storing access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of a particular user entity initiating the action to be taken.
56. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein storing access privileges in the security database includes storing access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of a computer initiating the action to be taken.
57. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein storing access privileges in the security database includes storing access privileges defining access rights for both the process control system and the safety system based on an identity of a particular user entity initiating the action to be taken and an identity of a computer initiating the action to be taken.
58. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein storing access privileges includes storing a security procedure for implementation with respect to one of the process control system and the safety system and further including automatically implementing the security procedure when the appropriate set of access privileges allows the action to be taken.
59. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 58, wherein the security procedure is a repeat write confirmation procedure and wherein automatically implementing the security procedure includes performing the repeat write confirmation procedure when the action to be taken is a write to one of the process control system or to the safety system.
60. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein storing access privileges in the security database includes defining a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, and including storing a first one of the possible levels of access privileges for a particular user entity for the process control system and a second and different one of the possible levels of access privileges for the particular user entity for the safety system.
61. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein storing access privileges in the security database includes defining a multiplicity of different possible levels of access privileges for each of the process control system and the safety system, wherein a first one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user entity to read parameters from the process control system or from the safety system and a second one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user entity to write parameters to the process control system or to the safety system.
62. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 61, wherein a third one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user entity to create logic to be implemented in the process control system or in the safety system.
63. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 61, wherein a third one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user entity to download logic to be implemented in the process control system or in the safety system.
64. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 61, wherein a third one of the possible levels of access privileges enables a user entity to perform a calibration procedure in the process control system or in the safety system.
65. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein storing access privileges in the security database includes storing access privileges for a particular user entity that defines a first access privilege for the process control system and a second access privilege for the safety system.
66. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein detecting whether an action to be taken with respect to the process plant is an action related to the process control system or to the safety system includes determining whether a field in a message associated with the action to be taken identifies a process control system device or a safety system device.
67. The method of performing security procedures in a process plant according to claim 54, wherein detecting whether an action to be taken with respect to the process plant is an action related to the process control system or to the safety system includes determining whether a field in a user display from which the action is initiated is associated with a process control system parameter or a safety system parameter.

1. A system for controlling a strain of a web material traveling along a path, the web material having a length between a first position along the path and a second position along the path, wherein the web material moves from the first position toward the second position, the system comprising
an input device for indicating a target strain range;
a loading device positioned along the path downstream of the first position and engaging the web material for applying a first tension force to the web;
a feed device positioned along the path upstream of the loading device and engaging the web material for applying a second tension to the web by adjusting the speed of the web at the first position relative to the speed of the web at the second position in response to a speed control signal;
a first force sensor sensing the first tension force applied to the web material along the path downstream of the first position and a second force sensor sensing the second tension force applied to the web material along the path upstream of the first position;
a first speed sensor sensing a first speed of the web material at the first position along the path and a second speed sensor sensing a second speed of the web material at the second position along the path; and
a control system for providing the speed control signal to the feed device as a function of the target strain range as indicated by the input device, the first tension force sensed by the first force sensor, the second tension force sensed by the second tension sensor, the first speed sensed by the first speed sensor and the second speed sensed by second speed sensor.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the speed control signal provided by the control system maintains the strain of the web material within the target strain range as indicated by the input device.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the input device generates a reference signal representative of a particular target strain for said web material, and wherein the control system generates the speed control signal as a function of the reference signal.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the feed device is positioned along the path at or substantially near the first position, and wherein a draw device is positioned along the path at or substantially near the second position, wherein the feed device controls the first speed of the web at the first position along the path, and wherein the draw device controls the second speed of the web at the second position along the path.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the feed device includes a feed roller that engages the web and rotates to impart the first speed of the web at the first position, and wherein the draw device is a draw roller that engages the web and rotates to impart the second speed of the web at the second position
6. The system of claim 5, wherein a rotational speed of the feed roller determines the first speed of the web at the first position, and wherein a rotational speed of the draw roller determines the second speed of the web at the second position.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the speed control signal is applied to the feed device to adjust the rotational speed of the feed roller relative to the rotational speed of the of the draw roller to apply the second tension force to the web material.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the material has a first strain downstream of the first position and a second strain upstream of the first position, and wherein the control system provides the speed control signal to the feed roller to maintain the second strain of the web material within the target strain range as indicated by the input device.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the control system determines the first strain, 1, and determines the second strain, 2, of the web material according to the following equations:
1(V2V1)V1T1(T2T1); 2(V2V1)V1T2(T2T1);
where V1 is the speed of the web material sensed at the first position along the path, V2 is the speed of the web material sensed at the second position along the path, T1 is the tension force applied to the web sensed downstream of the first position, and T2 is the tension force applied to the web sensed upstream of the first position, and wherein the control system generates the speed control signal as a function of the determined first strain and determined second strain.
10. The system of claim 8, wherein the control system calculates a target speed for the web material at the first position along the path, calculates the first strain of the web material downstream of the first position along the pat, and wherein the control system is further responsive to the calculated target speed, the calculated first strain, and the sensed speed of the web material at the second position along the path, for providing the speed control signal.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the control system provides the speed control signal by employing an algorithm that executes the equation:
VTV2(t11);
where VT is the calculated target speed, V2 is the speed of the web material sensed at the second position along the path, T is the target strain as indicated by the input device, and 1 is the calculated first strain.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein the control system provides the speed control signal to the feed device to increase the second tension force applied to the web material when the calculated second strain of the web material is less than the target strain range, and to decrease the second tension force applied to the web material when the calculated strain of the web material is greater than the target strain range.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the input device generates a reference signal representative of the target strain input by an operator via the input device, and wherein the control system is responsive to the reference signal and the calculated strain for providing the speed control signal to the feed device to maintain the strain of the web material within the target strain range as indicated by the input device.
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the feed roller is mechanically linked to a motor for rotating the feed roller, wherein the motor is responsive to the speed control signal for adjusting the rotational speed of the feed roller and the tension force applied to the web material.
15. The system of claim 1, wherein the control system is a programmable logic controller (PLC) linked to and receiving inputs from the first speed sensor, the second speed sensor, the first tension sensor and the second tension sensor, wherein the PLC generates an output signal as a function of the received inputs, and wherein the feed roller is linked to the PLC for receiving an output.
16. The system of claim 1, wherein the input device is a user station linked with an absorbent garment manufacturing machine receiving the web material and producing absorbent garments therefrom.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein the user station stores the target strain range, and wherein the control system provides the speed control signal to the feed device as a function of the target strain range as stored on the user station, the first tension force sensed by the first force sensor, the second tension force sensed by the second tension sensor, the first speed sensed by the first speed sensor and the second speed sensed by second speed sensor.
18. A method for controlling a tension force applied to a web material traveling along a path comprising:
defining a target strain range for the web material;
calculating a strain of the web material;
adjusting the tension force applied to the web material as a function of the calculated strain, wherein the adjusting comprises increasing the tension force applied to the web material when the calculated strain of the web material is less than the target strain range, and wherein the adjusting comprises decreasing the tension force applied to the web material when the calculated strain of the web material is greater than the target strain range.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising producing absorbent garments from the web material.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the target strain range includes a specific strain, and wherein the adjusting comprises increasing the tension force applied to the web material when the calculated strain is less than the specific strain, and wherein the adjusting comprises decreasing the tension force applied to the web material when the calculated strain is greater than the specific strain.
21. The method of claim 18 further comprising sensing a first speed of the web material at a first position along the path, sensing a second speed of the web material at a second position along the path, sensing a first tension of the web material downstream of the first position along the path, and sensing a second tension of the web material upstream of the first position along the path, and wherein the calculating comprises calculating the strain as a function of the sensed first speed, the sensed second speed, sensed first tension and sensed second tension.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the calculating the strain comprises calculating a first strain of the web material downstream of the first position along the path, and calculating a second strain of the web material upstream of the web along the path the force applied to the web material, and wherein the adjusting comprises adjusting the tension force applied to the web material as a function of the calculated first strain and the sensed second speed.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of manufacturing an electrode for a secondary battery comprising an electrode mixture comprising an electrode active material, binder and conductive material coated on an aluminum current collector, the method comprising surface-treating the current collector to form aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer of 40 nm or less on the current collector wherein adhesion between the electrode mixture and the current collector is enhanced.
2. The method according to claim 1 comprising treating a surface of the current collector to form an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer of 10 to 40 nm on the current collector.
3. The method according to claim 2 comprising treating a surface of the current collector to form an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer of 20 to 30 nm on the current collector.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the current collector is performed by thermal treatment or electrical treatment.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the thermal treatment is performed at 100 to 500\xb0 C. under an oxygen atmosphere of 1 to 150 mTorr.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the thermal treatment is performed at 200 to 450\xb0 C. under an oxygen atmosphere of 30 to 100 mTorr.
7. The method according to claim 4, wherein electrical treatment is performed at an applied voltage of 30 to 300 V under a current density of 1 to 200 mAcm2.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein an electrode is a cathode or anode, or a cathode and anode.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the cathode comprises, as a cathode active material, a spinel-structure lithium metal oxide represented by Formula 1 below:
LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz\u2003\u2003(1)

wherein 0.9\u2266x\u22661.2, 0<y<2, and 0\u2266z<0.2,
M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Ti , and Bi; and
A is at least one monovalent or divalent anion.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 2 below:
LixNiyMn2-yO4\u2003\u2003(2)
wherein 0.9\u2266x\u22661.2, and 0.4\u2266y\u22660.5.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lithium metal oxide is LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 or LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4.
12. The method according to claim 8, wherein the anode comprises, as an anode active material, a lithium metal oxide represented by Formula 3 below:
LiaM\u2032bO4\u2212cAc\u2003\u2003(3)

wherein M\u2032 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Sn, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Fe, In, Al, and Zr;
0.1\u2266a\u22664 and 0.2\u2266b\u22664 in which a and b is determined according to oxidation number of M\u2032;
0\u2266c<0.2 in which c is determined according to oxidation number of A; and
A is at least one monovalent or divalent anion .
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the lithium metal oxide is represented by Formula 4 below:
LiaTibO4\u2003\u2003(4)

wherein 0.5\u2266a\u22663 and 1\u2266b\u22662.5.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the lithium metal oxide is Li1.33Ti1.67O4 or LiTi2O4.
15. An electrode for a secondary battery comprising an electrode mixture comprising an electrode active material, binder and conductive material coated on an aluminum current collector wherein an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layer of 40 nm or less is formed on the current collector.
16. The electrode according to claim 15, wherein the electrode active material is a cathode active material or anode active material, or a cathode active material and anode active material wherein the cathode active material comprises a spinel-structure lithium metal oxide represented by Formula 1 below spinel and the anode active material comprises an oxide represented by Formula 3 below:
LixMyMn2-yO4-zAz\u2003\u2003(1)
LiaM\u2032bO4\u2212cAc\u2003\u2003(3)

wherein 0.9\u2266x\u22661.2, 0<y<2 and 0\u2266z<0.2;
M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Ti and Bi;
A is at least one monovalent or divalent anion;
M\u2032 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Sn, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn, Fe, In, Al and Zr;
0.1\u2266a\u22664 and 0.2\u2266b\u22664 in which a and b are determined according to oxidation number of M\u2032;
0\u2266c<0.2 in which c is determined according to oxidation number of A; and
A is at least one monovalent or divalent anion.
17. A secondary battery comprising the electrode according to claim 15.
18. The secondary battery according to claim 17, wherein the secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery.
19. A battery module comprising the secondary battery according to claim 18 as a unit battery.
20. A battery pack comprising the battery module according to claim 19.
21. A device comprising the battery pack according to claim 20.
22. The device according to claim 21, wherein the device is an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a system for storing power.