All The Claims

1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a transfer section which transfers a toner image onto an intermediate transfer body or a transfer material to form an image on the intermediate transfer body or the transfer material;
a selection section for selecting one mode among a plurality of modes including a first mode for forming the image by using a plurality of colors including a first color and a second mode for forming the image by using less number of colors including the first color than that of the colors in the first mode; and
a control section for controlling a current value or a voltage value of the transfer section to control a transfer rate of each of the toner images,
wherein the control section controls the transfer section in order that a transfer rate of a toner image of the first color in the second mode is larger than that of a toner image of the first color in the first mode when toner images are transferred onto the intermediate transfer body or the transfer material by the transfer section.
2. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein, the image is formed by using only one color in the second mode.
3. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of image bearing bodies, on which the toner images having different colors from one another are formed,
wherein an image bearing body on which a toner image is not formed among the plurality of image bearing bodies is separated from the intermediate transfer body in the second mode.
4. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the image forming apparatus comprises the intermediate transfer body having an endless belt-like shape.
5. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a carry section for carrying the transfer material, which has an endless belt-like shape.
6. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first mode is a full color mode using the toner images formed on all of the plurality of image bearing bodies, and the second mode is a monochrome mode using a toner image formed on one of the image bearing bodies among the plurality of image bearing bodies.
7. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control section controls a transfer rate of each of the toner images turn into the same transfer rate in the first mode.
8. The image forming apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of transfer sections severally provided corresponding to each of the plurality of image bearing bodies, wherein the control section controls a current value or a voltage value of each of the plurality of transfer sections turn into the same current value or the same voltage value in the first mode.
9. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a transfer section which transfers a toner image onto an intermediate transfer body or a transfer material to form an image on the intermediate transfer body or the transfer material;
a selection section for selecting one mode among a plurality of modes including a first mode for forming the image by using a first number of colors and a second mode for forming the image by using a number of colors which is smaller than the first number of colors; and
a control section for controlling a current value or a voltage value of the transfer section to control a transfer rate of each of the toner images,
wherein the control section controls the transfer section in order that a transfer rate of a toner image in the second mode is larger than that of a toner image in the first mode with regard to at least one color used in the second mode when toner images are transferred onto the intermediate transfer body or the transfer material by the transfer section.
10. The image forming apparatus of claim 9, wherein, the image is formed by using only one color in the second mode.
11. The image forming apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a plurality of image bearing bodies, on which the toner images having different colors from one another are formed,
wherein an image bearing body on which a toner image is not formed among the plurality of image bearing bodies is separated from the intermediate transfer body in the second mode.
12. The image forming apparatus of claim 9, wherein the image forming apparatus comprises the intermediate transfer body having an endless belt-like shape.
13. The image forming apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a carry section for carrying the transfer material, which has an endless belt-like shape.
14. The image forming apparatus of claim 9, wherein the first mode is a full color mode using the toner images formed on all of the plurality of image bearing bodies, and the second mode is a monochrome mode using a toner image formed on one of the image bearing bodies among the plurality of image bearing bodies.
15. The image forming apparatus of claim 9, wherein the control section controls a transfer rate of each of the toner images turn into the same transfer rate in the first mode.
16. The image forming apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a plurality of transfer sections severally provided corresponding to each of the plurality of image bearing bodies, wherein the control section controls a current value or a voltage value of each of the plurality of transfer sections turn into the same current value or the same voltage value in the first mode.
17. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a transfer section which transfers a toner image onto an intermediate transfer body or a transfer material to form an image on the intermediate transfer body or the transfer material;
a selection section for selecting one mode among a plurality of modes including a first mode for forming the image by using a plurality of colors and a second mode for forming the image by using less number of colors than that of the colors in the first mode; and
a control section for controlling a current value or a voltage value of the transfer section to control a transfer rate of each of the toner images,
wherein the control section controls the transfer section in order that a transfer rate of a toner image in the second mode is larger than that of a toner image in the first mode when toner images are transferred onto the intermediate transfer body or the transfer material by the transfer section.
18. The image forming apparatus of claim 17, wherein, the image is formed by using only one color in the second mode.
19. The image forming apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a plurality of image bearing bodies, on which the toner images having different colors from one another are formed,
wherein an image bearing body on which a toner image is not formed among the plurality of image bearing bodies is separated from the intermediate transfer body in the second mode.
20. The image forming apparatus of claim 17, wherein the image forming apparatus comprises the intermediate transfer body having an endless belt-like shape.
21. The image forming apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a carry section for carrying the transfer material, which has an endless belt-like shape.
22. The image forming apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first mode is a full color mode using the toner images formed on all of the plurality of image bearing bodies, and the second mode is a monochrome mode using a toner image formed on one of the image bearing bodies among the plurality of image bearing bodies.
23. The image forming apparatus of claim 17, wherein the control section controls a transfer rate of each of the toner images turn into the same transfer rate in the first mode.
24. The image forming apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a plurality of transfer sections severally provided corresponding to each of the plurality of image bearing bodies, wherein the control section controls a current value or a voltage value of each of the plurality of transfer sections turn into the same current value or the same voltage value in the first mode.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A condition estimation device for estimating an internal condition of an electric storage device, the condition estimation device comprising:
a voltage measurement circuit configured to measure an open circuit voltage of the electric storage device;
memory configured to store first correlation information and second correlation information, the first correlation information being information on a correlation between a positive electrode potential at a positive electrode of the electric storage device and an electric storage capacity thereof, the second correlation information being information on a correlation between a negative electrode potential at a negative electrode of the electric storage device and an electric storage capacity thereof; and
a controller configured to:
measure an open circuit voltage of the electric storage device under charge or discharge;
calculate a calculated electric storage capacity of the electric storage device having the open circuit voltage equal to a reference voltage;
correct at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information such that a potential difference between the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential at the calculated electric storage capacity is equal to the reference voltage; and
generate an open circuit voltage characteristic representing a correlation between the open circuit voltage of the electric storage device and the internal condition thereof based on the first correlation information and the second correlation information after the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information is corrected.
2. The condition estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a correction value based on the calculated electric storage capacity in the correction of the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information; and
shift the electric storage capacity associated with an electrode potential of the electric storage device by the correction value for at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information.
3. The condition estimation device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to:
correct one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information in the correction of the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information; and
determine the correction value based on the electrode potential at the calculated electrode storage capacity in the other one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information, which is not corrected.
4. The condition estimation device according to claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to correct one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information whichever related to one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode having a smaller electrode capacity in the correction of the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information.
5. The condition estimation device according to claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to correct the second correlation information in the correction of the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information.
6. The condition estimation device according to claim 2, wherein
the memory is configured to store a correction value correspondence table containing a first correction value corresponding to the first correlation information and a second correction value corresponding to the second correlation information in correspondence with the electric storage device, and
the controller is further configured to correct the first correlation information and the second correlation information in the correction of the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information using the first correction value and the second correction value contained in the correction value correspondence table in correspondence with the calculated electric storage capacity.
7. The condition estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
determine a correction value based on the calculated electric storage capacity in the correction of the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information; and
decrease or increase the electric storage capacity associated with an electrode potential of the electric storage device by the correction value for at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information.
8. The condition estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:
calculate an open circuit voltage of the electric storage device by subtracting the negative electrode potential from the positive electrode potential associated with the same electric storage capacity in the first correlation information and the second correlation information; and
generate an open circuit voltage characteristic based on information on a correlation between the open circuit voltage and the electric storage capacity.
9. The condition estimation device according to claim 1, wherein the first correlation information and the second correlation information are measured when the electric storage device is in an early stage of use and stored in the memory.
10. A method of generating an open circuit voltage characteristic representing information on a correlation between an open circuit voltage of an electric storage device and an internal condition thereof, the method comprising:
measuring an open circuit voltage of the electric storage device under charge or discharge;
calculating a calculated electric storage capacity of the electric storage device having the open circuit voltage equal to a reference voltage;
correcting at least one of first correlation information and second correlation information such that a potential difference between a positive electrode potential and a negative electrode potential at the calculated electric storage capacity is equal to the reference voltage; and
generating an open circuit voltage characteristic representing a correlation between the open circuit voltage of the electric storage device and the internal condition thereof based on the first correlation information and the second correlation information after the at least one of the first correlation information and the second correlation information is corrected.

1. A method for reliability estimation of temporal noise estimation in a sequence of video frames, comprising the steps of:
obtaining temporal local differences from the difference between a previous frame and a next frame in the sequence of frames;
determining a distribution of the temporal local difference;
determining characteristic values of the distribution; and
comparing the characteristic values to one or more thresholds to obtain an indication of the reliability of the temporal noise estimation.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining said distribution further comprises determining the histogram of the temporal local difference.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of determining said difference between the previous frame and the next frame in the sequence of frames.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps of determining characteristic values of the distribution further includes the steps of determining a characteristic value m1 as a reliability measurement, by computing:
m
1

=
\u2211
y
^

=
0
2
\u2062
y
^

p
\u2062
h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
.
where \u0177 represents the MAE of said temporal local difference;
h(\u0177) represents said histogram (distribution); and
\u0177p is an MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177).
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of determining \u0177p as the MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177) by computing:
y
^

p

=

arg
\u2062

\u2003

\u2062
max

y
^
\u2062
h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps of determining characteristic values of the distribution further includes the steps of determining a characteristic value m2 as a reliability measurement, by computing:
m
2

=
\u2211
y
^

=
3
4

\u2062
y
^

p
5
4

\u2062
y
^

p
\u2062

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
\u2211
y
^

=
0
2
\u2062
y
^

p
\u2062

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
,
where \u0177 represents the MAE of said temporal local difference;
h(\u0177) represents said histogram (distribution); and
\u0177p represents the MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177).
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the steps of determining characteristic values of the distribution further includes the steps of determining a characteristic value m3 as a reliability measurement, by computing:
m
3

=
\u2211
y
^

=
1
2

\u2062
y
^

p
y
^

p
\u2062
(
y
^

p

–

y
^
)

\xb7

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
y
^

p

\xb7
\u2211
y
^

=
1
2

\u2062
y
^

p
y
^

p
\u2062

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
,
where \u0177 represents the MAE of said difference;
h(\u0177) represents said histogram (distribution); and
\u0177p represents the MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177).
8. A method for reliability estimation of temporal noise estimation in a sequence of video frames, comprising the steps of:
determining a plurality of reliability estimates; and
combining the plurality of reliability estimations to generate a combined reliability estimate.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of determining each reliability estimate further comprises the steps of:
obtaining the temporal local differences from the difference between a previous frame and a next frame in the sequence of frames;
determining a distribution of the temporal local difference;
determining characteristic values of the distribution; and
comparing the characteristic values to one or more thresholds to obtain an indication of the reliability of the temporal noise estimation.
10. A reliability estimator for determining reliability estimation of temporal noise estimation in a sequence of video frames, comprising:
a differencing means that determines the temporal local differences from the difference between a previous frame and a next frame in the sequence of frames;
a distribution calculator that determines a distribution of the temporal local difference;
a characteristic value calculator that determines statistical characteristic values of the distribution; and
a reliability detector that compares the characteristics values to one or more thresholds to obtain an indication of the reliability of the temporal noise estimation.
11. The reliability estimator of claim 10 wherein the distribution calculator step determines the histogram of the temporal local difference.
12. The reliability estimator of claim 10 wherein the differencing means further determines said difference between the previous frame and the next frame.
13. The reliability estimator of claim 10 wherein the characteristic value calculator determines a characteristic value m1 as a reliability measurement, by computing:
m
1

=
\u2211
y
^

=
0
2
\u2062
y
^

p
\u2062

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
,
where \u0177 represents the MAE of said temporal local difference;
h(\u0177) represents said histogram (distribution); and
\u0177p is a function of the MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177).
14. The reliability estimator of claim 13, wherein the characteristic value calculator further determines \u0177p as the MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177) by computing:
y
^

p

=

arg
\u2062

\u2003

\u2062
max

y
^
\u2062
h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
.
15. The reliability estimator claim 10 wherein the characteristic value calculator determines a characteristic value m2 as a reliability measurement, by computing:
m
2

=
\u2211
y
^

=
3
4

\u2062
y
^

p
5
4

\u2062
y
^

p
\u2062

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
\u2211
y
^

=
0
2
\u2062
y
^

p
\u2062

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
,
where \u0177 represents the MAE of said temporal local difference;
h(\u0177) represents said histogram (distribution); and
\u0177p represents the MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177).
16. The reliability estimator of claim 10 wherein the characteristic value calculator determines a characteristic value m3 as a reliability measurement, by computing:
m
3

=
\u2211
y
^

=
1
2

\u2062
y
^

p
y
^

p
\u2062
(
y
^

p

–

y
^
)

\xb7

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
y
^

p

\xb7
\u2211
y
^

=
1
2

\u2062
y
^

p
y
^

p
\u2062

h
\u2061

(

y
^

)
,
where \u0177 represents the MAE of said difference;
h(\u0177) represents said histogram (distribution); and
\u0177p represents the MAE value corresponding to the maximum value of h(\u0177).
17. A reliability estimation system that determined reliability estimation of temporal noise estimation in a sequence of video frames, comprising:
a plurality of reliability estimators, wherein each reliability estimator determines a reliability estimate; and
a combiner that combines the reliability estimations from the reliability estimators to generate a combined reliability estimate.
18. The reliability estimation system of claim 17, wherein each reliability estimator comprises:
a differencing means that determines the temporal local differences from the difference between a previous frame and a next frame in the sequence of frames;
a distribution calculator that determines a distribution of the temporal local difference;
a characteristic value calculator that determines characteristics value of the distribution; and
a reliability detector that compares the characteristic values to one or more thresholds to obtain an indication of the reliability of the temporal noise estimation.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for processing noise interference in a data accessing device with a SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) interface, the method comprising:
an error detecting step for detecting whether there is a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) error, whether an reception error primitive (R_ERR primitive) is received, whether an improper primitive is received, or whether a LINK layer error is detected, and repeating this step if there is no any error;
a type detecting step for detecting whether an incoming FIS (Frame Information Structure) is a data type FIS and going back to the error detecting step when the FIS is not data type;
a responding step for asserting the CHECK bit of the ATAPI Status Register when the incoming FIS is data type; and
sending back the response.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the responding step further comprising asserting the ABRT bit of the ATAPI Error Register.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is used in an optical storage device connected to the SATA interface.
4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
an ATAPI (AT Attachment with Packet Interface) packet command detecting step for detecting whether the incoming FIS is an ATAPI packet command when the FIS is data type, and executing the responding step if the FIS is the ATAPI packet command; and
a DMA (Direct Memory Access) mode data Iransfer detecting step for detecting whether there is a DMA mode data transfer when the data FIS is not the ATAPI packet command, and executing the responding step if there is not a DMA mode data transfer.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method is used in an optical storage device connected to the SATA interface.
6. The method according to claim 4, further comprising:
a request sense command detecting step for detecting whether the present command is a request sense command when there is a DMA mode data transfer;
setting a sense key of the ATAPI Error Register to 11 and executing the responding step if the present command is the request sense command; and
setting the sense key of the ATAPI Error Register to 4 and executing the responding step if the present command is not the request sense command.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the method is used in an optical storage device connected to the SATA interface.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the error state detecting step is performed in a link layer.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method is used in an optical storage device connected to the SATA interface.