All The Claims

1. A composition comprising a colorant, which colorant is present in a non-fluorescent form and a fluorescent form, wherein the non-fluorescent form of the colorant is a tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene pigment of formula I
wherein
X, Y, Z and G independently of each other are
C1-12 alkyl or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C7-12 aralkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-9 saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, halogen, \u2014OR, CF3, \u2014COOR,\u2014CONR\u2032R, NO2, NR\u2032R, SO3H or SO2NR\u2032R;
R and R\u2032, independently of each other are hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aromatic or C7-12 aralkyl;
and m, n, o and p are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, when m, n, o or p is 2, 3 or 4, each X, Y, Z or G substituent may each be a different group as defined above;
the fluorescent form of the colorant is also of formula I and is obtained from the non-fluorescent pigment form by exposure to heat and wherein the flourescent form of the pigment is present at a higher concentration in defined domains relative to the remainder of the composition to display an identifiable flourescent marking when exposed to ultraviolet light.
2. A composition comprising a natural or synthetic polymer and a colorant, which colorant is present in a non-fluorescent form and a fluorescent form, wherein the non-fluorescent form of the colorant is a tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene pigment of formula I according to claim 1, the fluorescent form of the colorant is also of formula I and is obtained from the non-fluorescent pigment form by exposure to heat and wherein the fluorescent colorant is present at different concentrations throughout the composition and displays a fluorescent pattern when exposed to ultraviolet light.
3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the flourescent form of the pigment is present at a higher concentration in defined domains relative to the remainder of the composition and the defined domains containing a higher concentration of the flourescent form of the pigment is the same color as the remainder of the composition when viewed under ambient visible light conditions.
4. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the polymer comprises a synthetic polymer resin.
5. A composition according to claim 2 which is in the form of a polymeric film or coating.
6. A method for marking a substrate which method comprises incorporating into or applying onto the substrate a composition according to claim 1 comprising a tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene pigment, and then exposing one or more parts of the substrate to laser radiation or heat to produce a fluorescent marking.
7. A method according to claim 6 which produces on a substrate a fluorescent marking that is not discernable under ambient visible light.
8. A method according to claim 6 which produces on a substrate a fluorescent marking which remains the same color when viewed under ambient visible light as the portion of the substrate which is not so marked.
9. A method according to claim 6 wherein the composition comprising a tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene pigment is a coating applied to the surface of a substrate.
10. A method according to claim 9 wherein the coating comprises an acrylate polymer.
11. A method for marking a substrate according to claim 6 wherein the fluorescent marking is produced upon exposing one or more parts of the substrate to laser radiation.
12. A laser marked substrate containing flourescent markings resulting from exposure to laser radiation, comprising a substrate which has incorporated therein or applied thereto a composition according to claim 1.
13. A laser marked substrate according to claim 12 wherein the composition comprising a tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene pigment is a polymeric film or coating applied to the surface of the substrate.
14. A laser marked substrate according to claim 12 wherein the defined florescent markings are the same color when viewed under ambient visible light as the portion of the substrate which does not contain fluorescent laser markings.
15. A laser marked substrate according to claim 13 wherein the polymer composition comprising a tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene pigment is a coating.
16. A laser marked substrate according to claim 13 wherein the polymer composition comprising a tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene pigment is a polymeric film.
17. A Composition comprising a natural or synthetic polymer and an effective amount of a fluorescent dye of formula I which composition produces a non-fluorescent marking upon exposure to heat
wherein
X, Y, Z and G independently of each other are
C1-12 alkyl or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C7-12 aralkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-9 saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, halogen, \u2014OR, CF3, \u2014COOR,\u2014CONR\u2032R, NO2, NR\u2032R, SO3H or SO2NR\u2032R;
R and R\u2032, independently of each other are hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aromatic or C7-12 aralkyl;
and m, n, o and p are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, when m, n, o or p is 2, 3 or 4, each X, Y, Z or G substituent may each be a different group as defined above.
18. A method for marking a substrate which method comprises incorporating into or applying onto the substrate a composition according to claim 17, and then exposing one or more parts of the substrate to laser radiation or heat.
19. A laser marked substrate obtained by the method according to claim 18.
20. A tetrabenzodiazadiketoperylene compound of formula I
wherein
X, Y, Z and G independently of each other are C1-12 alkyl or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C7-12 aralkyl, C6-10 aryl, C3-9 saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, halogen, \u2014OR, CF3, \u2014COOR,\u2014CONR\u2032R, NO2, NR\u2032R, SO3H or SO2NR\u2032R;
R and R\u2032, independently of each other are hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C6-10 aromatic or C7-12 aralkyl;
m is 1, 2, 3 or 4;
n, o and p are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4,
and when m, n, o or p is 2, 3 or 4, each X, Y, Z or G substituent may each be a different group as defined above.
21. A composition comprising a natural or synthetic polymer and a compound according to claim 20.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A detector device comprising:
a) an assembly with a first layer of scintillation crystals for converting gamma radiation photon energy to light and a second layer of scintillation crystals for converting gamma radiation photon energy to light;
b) a first light guide sandwiched between said second layer and said first layer and used for coupling said first ad second layers so that the light coming from the second layer is distributed broader than the light originating from the first layer;
c) a photo detector array for measuring the light generated in the scintillation crystals, said assembly being mounted with a second light guide onto said photo detector array, said second light guide beam sandwiched between said photo detector array and said first layer and used for coupling said first layer and said photo detector array; and
d) optical compartments forming a sub-structure of said scintillation crystals and covering side surfaces of said scintillation crystals by a reflective layer.
2. (canceled)
3. The device according to claim 1, further comprising light guides structured with at least one of a groove and a composition of a plurality of individual light guides.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the scintillation crystals comprise at least one of a groove and a composition of several individual crystals.
5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the surfaces of at least one of the light guides and the scintillation crystals are polished or rough, grinded, lapped, omnidirectional or scratched in certain directions on at least one face.
6. The device according to claim 1, wherein a pitch of said optical compartments is adapted to a sensor die pitch of said photo detector array.
7. The device according to claim 6, wherein said sensor die pitch of said photo detector array comprises a time-to-digital converter for time stamping.
8. The device according to claim 1, wherein said optical compartments are adapted to provide reflectors in a first or second direction in said second layer and no reflectors in said first layer, wherein said first direction is perpendicular to said second direction.
9. The device according to claim 1, wherein said optical compartments are adapted to provide reflectors in a first direction only in said second layer and reflectors in a second direction only in said first layer, or vice versa, wherein said first direction is perpendicular to said second direction.
10. The device according to claim 1, wherein said optical compartments are square or rectangular at any multiple sensor pitch size or independent from the sensor pitch.
11. The device according to claim 1, wherein the crystal pitch in said first layer differs from the crystal pitch in said second layer.
12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the crystal pitch in a crystal layer differs in a first and second direction and wherein said first direction is perpendicular to said second direction.
13. (canceled)
14. The device according to claim 1, where the photo detector array is connected w said first layer for readout and said first layer is an inner layer of said detector device;
15. An imaging system for imagirig an object, wherein said imaging system comprises a detector device according to claim 1.

1. A method for enhancing the performance of a work vehicle, the method comprising:
storing a reference transmission torque and a reference transmission speed for a transmission of the work vehicle, at least one of the reference transmission torque or the reference transmission speed being determined based at least in part on drivetrain life data associated with at least one drivetrain component of the work vehicle;
determining a current transmission speed for the transmission;
determining a transmission output torque limit for the transmission based on the current transmission speed, the reference transmission torque and the reference transmission speed; and
controlling an engine of the work vehicle such that a transmission output torque of the transmission does not exceed the transmission output torque limit while the transmission is being operated at the current transmission speed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the drivetrain life data corresponds to a desired component life for the at least one drivetrain component, wherein the reference transmission torque corresponds to a transmission output torque for achieving the desired component life for the at least one drivetrain component at the reference transmission speed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference and current transmission speeds correspond to transmission output speeds.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the transmission output torque limit comprises determining the transmission output torque limit based on the reference transmission torque, the reference transmission speed and the current transmission speed using a mathematical relationship that results in the transmission output torque limit increasing as the current transmission speed is reduced.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the transmission output torque limit comprises determining the transmission output torque limit based on the reference transmission torque, the reference transmission speed and the current transmission speed using the following equation:
T
lim

=
T
ref

*
(
S
ref
S
actual
)

m
wherein, Tlim corresponds to the transmission output torque limit, Tref corresponds to the reference transmission torque, Sref corresponds to the reference transmission speed, Sactual corresponds to the current transmission speed and m corresponds to a torque limit exponent.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the torque limit exponent is selected based on a life exponent for the at least one drivetrain component.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the torque limit exponent ranges from about 0.3 to about 1.0.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an engine torque limit for the engine based on the transmission output torque limit and a current gear ratio of the transmission.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein controlling the engine comprises controlling engine torque of the engine based on the engine torque limit such that the transmission output torque does not exceed the transmission output torque limit while the transmission is being operated at the current transmission speed.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one drivetrain component comprises a gear or a bearing of a drive axle assembly of the work vehicle.
11. A system for enhancing the performance of a work vehicle, the system comprising:
an engine;
a transmission coupled to the engine;
at least one drive axle assembly coupled to the transmission; and
a controller communicatively coupled to the engine and the transmission, the controller being configured to:
store a reference transmission torque and a reference transmission speed for the transmission, at least one of the reference transmission torque or the reference transmission speed being determined based at least in part on drivetrain life data associated with at least one drivetrain component of the work vehicle;
determine a current transmission speed for the transmission;
determine a transmission output torque limit for the transmission based on the current transmission speed, the reference transmission torque and the reference transmission speed; and
control an engine of the work vehicle such that a transmission output torque of the transmission does not exceed the transmission output torque limit while the transmission is being operated at the current transmission speed.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the drivetrain life data corresponds to a desired component life for the at least one drivetrain component, wherein the reference transmission torque corresponds to a transmission output torque for achieving the desired component life for the at least one drivetrain component at the reference transmission speed.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the reference and current transmission speeds correspond to transmission output speeds.
14. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to determine the transmission output torque limit based on the reference transmission torque, the reference transmission speed and the current transmission speed using a mathematical relationship that results in the transmission output torque limit increasing as the current transmission speed is reduced.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to determine the transmission output torque limit based on the reference transmission torque, the reference transmission speed and the current transmission speed using the following equation:
T
lim

=
T
ref

*
(
S
ref
S
actual
)

m
wherein, Tlim corresponds to the transmission output torque limit, Tref corresponds to the reference transmission torque, Sref corresponds to the reference transmission speed, Sactual corresponds to the current transmission speed and m corresponds to a torque limit exponent.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the torque limit exponent is selected based on a life exponent for the at least one drivetrain component.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the torque limit exponent ranges from about 0.3 to about 1.0.
18. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to determine an engine torque limit for the engine based on the transmission output torque limit and a current gear ratio of the transmission.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller is configured to control the engine based on the engine torque limit such that the transmission output torque does not exceed the transmission output torque limit while the transmission is being operated at the current transmission speed.
20. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one drivetrain component comprises a gear or a bearing of the drive axle assembly.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An engine control apparatus comprising:
means for detecting the oxygen concentration of an exhaust gas of an engine;
means for calculating a target air-fuel ratio according to the operating state of the engine;
means for providing feedback control by sliding mode control to achieve the target air-fuel ratio using the output from the means for detecting the oxygen concentration;
means for reflecting in the feedback control the behavior of a transfer system during the time interval between the combustion of the injected fuel and the detection of the oxygen concentration; and
means for varying a hyperplane according to the state of the transfer system.
2. The engine control apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the means for varying the hyperplane stores in advance a region of the hyperplane in which the sliding mode control is stable and varies the hyperplane within said region.
3. The engine control apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the state of the transfer system is delay of the exhaust gas in reaching the means for detecting the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas due to an engine speed.
4. The engine control apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the state of the transfer system is response delay of the means for detecting the oxygen concentration that varies with the flow rate of the exhaust gas.
5. The engine control apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the state of the transfer system is a response change of the means for detecting the oxygen concentration as caused by deterioration with time or the like.
6. The engine control apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the region of the hyperplane in which the sliding mode control is stable has a predetermined margin relative to a theoretically derived range.
7. The engine control apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the means for varying the hyperplane limits one or more elements constituting the hyperplane, if the hyperplane is set so as to deviate from the range, in which the sliding mode control is said to be stabilized.
8. The engine control apparatus according to claim 1,
wherein the hyperplane is varied such that the apparent gain of feedback control is smaller in a range in which the transfer system is slower to respond than in a range in which the transfer system is quick to respond.