All The Claims

1. An information recording medium at least comprising:
a substrate;
a second recording layer formed on the substrate for recording information;
a second light transmitting layer formed on the second recording layer;
a first recording layer formed on the second light transmitting layer for recording different information from that recorded in the second recording layer; and
a first light transmitting layer formed on the first recording layer;
the second recording layer being formed with a second continuous microscopic pattern of a plurality of raised portions and recessed portions formed alternately viewed from the first light transmitting layer side; and
the first recording layer being formed with a first continuous microscopic pattern of a plurality of raised portions and recessed portions formed alternately viewed from the first light transmitting layer side and different from the second microscopic pattern;
both the first microscopic pattern and the second microscopic pattern satisfying a relation of P\u2266\u03bbNA, wherein P is a pitch of the raised portion, \u03bb is a wavelength of reproducing light for reproducing the first recording layer and the second recording layer, and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens; and
a sidewall of the raised portion of the first microscopic pattern and the raised portion of the second microscopic pattern being continuously wobbled in alternating sections corresponding to auxiliary information and a reference clock, wherein the auxiliary information is a frequency-shift keying modulation wave having two different frequencies and the reference clock is a sinusoidal wave having a single frequency respectively, and
wherein both sidewalls of the raised portion are parallel with each other, and
wherein a ratio of a length of the reference clock area to a total length of the auxiliary information area and the reference clock area is set to be more than 50%, and
further wherein the thickness of the first light transmitting layer is within a range of 0.07 mm to 0.10 mm.
2. An apparatus for reproducing an information recording medium at least comprising:
a substrate;
a second recording layer formed on the substrate for recording information;
a second light transmitting layer formed on the second recording layer;
a first recording layer formed on the second light transmitting layer for recording different information from that recorded in the second recording layer; and
a first light transmitting layer formed on the first recording layer;
the second recording layer being formed with a second continuous microscopic pattern of a plurality of raised portions and recessed portions formed alternately viewed from the first light transmitting layer side; and
the first recording layer being formed with a first continuous microscopic pattern of a plurality of raised portions and recessed portions formed alternately viewed from the first light transmitting layer side and different from the second microscopic pattern;
both the first microscopic pattern and the second microscopic pattern satisfying a relation of P\u2266\u03bbNA, wherein P is a pitch of the raised portion, \u03bb is a wavelength of reproducing light for reproducing the first recording layer and the second recording layer, and NA is a numerical aperture of an objective lens; and
a sidewall of the raised portion of the first microscopic pattern and the raised portion of the second microscopic pattern being continuously wobbled in alternating sections corresponding to auxiliary information and a reference clock, wherein the auxiliary information is a frequency-shift keying modulation wave having two different frequencies and the reference clock is a sinusoidal wave having a single frequency respectively, and
wherein both sidewalls of the raised portion are parallel with each other, and
wherein a ratio of a length of the reference clock area to a total length of the auxiliary information area and the reference clock area is set to be more than 50%, and
further wherein the thickness of the first light transmitting layer is within a range of 0.07 mm to 0.10 mm,
the apparatus further comprising:
a reproducing device for reproducing the first recording layer or the second recording layer of the information recording medium, wherein the reproducing device includes a light emitting element for emitting reproducing light having a wavelength \u03bb of 350 nm to 450 nm and a noise of less than RIN (Relative Intensity Noise) \u2212125 dBHz, and an objective lens having a numerical aperture NA of 0.75 to 0.9; and
a control device for controlling the reproducing device to irradiate the reproducing light on the raised portion.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A lamp comprising:
a LED assembly comprising at least a first LED operable to emit light of at least a first color;
an enclosure having an internal reflector wall and a diffuser lens through which the light is emitted from the lamp;
a trim piece comprising a first opening secured to the enclosure to form an integral lamp assembly where at least some of the light emitted from the lamp passes through the first opening;
and a base comprising an electrical connector coupled to the enclosure and configured to be connected to a socket where the electrical connector is exposed when the trim piece is secured to the enclosure such that the lamp may be connected to a separate source of power.
2. The lamp assembly of claim 1 where the trim piece comprises a parabaloid dome having a second opening dimensioned to receive the distal end of lamp.
3. The lamp assembly of claim 1 where the trim piece is made at least in part of a thermally conductive material and is thermally coupled to the first LED.
4. The lamp assembly of claim 1 where the trim piece is provided with mounting clips that are pivotably mounted to the trim piece such that the mounting clips rotate to engage the back of a wall or ceiling.
5. The lamp assembly of claim 1 comprising a plurality of clips spaced about the periphery of the distal end of the lamp that engage mating receptacles formed in the trim piece.
6. The lamp assembly of claim 5 where the clips resiliently deform to engage the receptacles.
7. The lamp assembly of claim 1 where the clips are formed as part of a separate clamping ring.
8. The lamp assembly of claim 7 where a clamping ring retains the diffuser lens on the housing.
9. The lamp assembly of claim 1 where the trim piece is provided with a plurality of locking members, the locking members engaging the lamp to secure the lamp to the trim piece.
10. The lamp assembly of claim 9 where the locking members are deformable.
11. The lamp assembly of claim 9 where the locking members are resilient.
12. A lamp comprising:
an LED assembly comprising at least a first LED operable to emit light of at least of a first color, and at least a second LED operable to emit light of at least of a second color;
an enclosure configured so that the light at least of a first color emitted from the first LED is mixed with the light at least of a second color emitted from the second LED in the enclosure, the first color being different than the second color, the enclosure having an internal reflector wall;
a diffuser lens through which the light is emitted from the lamp; and
a base coupled to the enclosure, the base containing a power supply for the lamp and comprising an exposed electrical connector configured to be connected to a socket that is separate from the lamp.
13. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the enclosure is thermally coupled to the LED assembly such that the enclosure forms part of a heat sink for the at least first LED and the at least a second LED and is configured such that heat is conducted away from the LED assembly and dissipated to the ambient environment via the enclosure.
14. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the internal reflector wall comprises a plurality of flat faces.
15. The lamp of claim 12 further comprising a heat spreader disposed between the LED assembly and the power supply the heat spreader being thermally coupled to the enclosure.
16. The lamp of claim 12 further comprising a diffuser dome in the enclosure for diffusing the light from the LED assembly before it enters the enclosure.
17. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the internal reflector wall comprises a substantially parabaloid shape.
18. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the at least a second LED emits redorange light.
19. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the enclosure comprises an aluminum spun housing thermally coupled to the LEDs.
20. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the internal reflector wall is provided with high reflective paint.
21. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the electrical connector is an Edison base.
22. The lamp of claim 12 wherein the at least a first LED emits blue light.
23. The lamp of claim 22 wherein the at least a first LED is packaged in a module to form a blue-shifted yellow LED.
24. The lamp of claim 22 wherein the at least a first LED is packaged in a module to form a blue-shifted LED.
25. The lamp of claim 12 wherein a trim piece is secured to the lamp to form an integral lamp assembly.
26. The lamp of claim 25 wherein the trim piece is formed at least partially of a thermally conductive material and is thermally coupled to the first LED and the second LED.
27. The lamp of claim 25 wherein the lamp includes a clip formed integrally with the lamp, the clip engaging the trim piece such that the trim piece is secured the lamp.
28. The lamp of claim 25 wherein the trim piece comprises a second diffuser lens.
29. The lamp of claim 25 wherein the trim piece defines a receptacle that receives a distal end of the lamp and at least one locking member that engages the lamp such that the trim piece is secured the lamp.
30. The lamp of claim 29 wherein the at least one locking member is movable between a retracted position where the lamp may be inserted into the receptacle and an extended position where the at least one locking member holds the lamp to the trim piece.
31. A lamp comprising:
a LED assembly comprising at least a first LED operable to emit light of at least a first color;
an enclosure having an internal reflector wall and a diffuser lens through which the light is emitted from the lamp;
a trim piece comprising a first opening secured to the enclosure to form an integral lamp assembly where at least some of the light emitted from the lamp passes through the first opening, a plurality of clips spaced about the periphery of the distal end of the lamp that engage mating receptacles formed in the trim piece where the clips resiliently deform to engage the receptacles.
32. A lamp comprising:
a LED assembly comprising at least a first LED operable to emit light of at least a first color;
an enclosure having an internal reflector wall and a diffuser lens through which the light is emitted from the lamp;
a trim piece comprising a first opening secured to the enclosure to form an integral lamp assembly where at least some of the light emitted from the lamp passes through the first opening, a plurality of clips formed as part of a separate clamping ring that engage mating receptacles formed in the trim piece.
33. A lamp comprising:
a LED assembly comprising at least a first LED operable to emit light of at least a first color;
an enclosure having an internal reflector wall and a diffuser lens through which the light is emitted from the lamp;
a trim piece comprising a first opening secured to the enclosure to form an integral lamp assembly where at least some of the light emitted from the lamp passes through the first opening, the trim piece comprising a parabaloid dome having a second opening dimensioned to receive the distal end of lamp.
34. A method of making an LED lamp comprising:
providing at least first LED operable to emit light of a first color and at least a second LED operable to emit light of a second color where the first color is different than the second color;
packaging the first LED and the second LED to produce an LED assembly that emits light of the first color and the second color that can be combined to provide light;
connecting the LED assembly to a power supply located in a base; and
installing a color mixing enclosure with an internal reflector wall and a diffuser lens configured so that at least some light emitted by the LED assembly when the first LED and the second LED are energized is mixed in the mixing enclosure and exits the LED lamp from the color mixing enclosure through the diffuser lens; and
coupling a base the enclosure, the base comprising an exposed electrical connector configured to be connected to a socket that is separate from the lamp.
35. The method of claim 34 further comprising securing a trim piece to the lamp to make a complete lamp assembly.

1. A method of obtaining a corn plant with improved tar spot complex (TARSC) resistance comprising:
a) providing a population of corn plants;
b) detecting in said population a plant comprising a TARSC resistance allele at a polymorphic locus in, or genetically linked to, a chromosomal segment between 0 cM (0 IcM) and 17.8 cM (approximately 74.5 IcM) on chromosome 10; and
c) selecting said plant from said population based on the presence of said allele.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said segment is flanked by loci SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 7 on chromosome 10.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said segment is flanked by loci SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6 on chromosome 10.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said segment is located between 3.99 cM (approximately 8 IcM) and 17.7 cM (approximately 74.1 IcM), between 9.4 cM (approximately 35.8 IcM) and 13.7 cM (approximately 57.5 IcM), or between 8.3 cM (approximately 31.9 IcM) and 11.9 cM (approximately 50.2 IcM) on chromosome 10.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said polymorphic locus comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 36.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said plant exhibits increased yield relative to a control plant not comprising said TARSC resistance allele.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) of providing comprises crossing a first corn plant comprising a TARSC resistance allele with a second corn plant to produce a population of corn plants.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein producing the population of corn plants comprises backcrossing.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) of detecting comprises the use of an oligonucleotide probe.
10. A method of producing a corn plant with improved tar spot complex (TARSC) resistance comprising:
a) crossing a first corn plant comprising a TARSC resistance allele with a second corn plant of a different genotype to produce one or more progeny plants; and
b) selecting a progeny plant based on the presence of said allele at a polymorphic locus in, or genetically linked to, a chromosomal segment between 0 cM (0 IcM) and 17.8 cM (approximately 74.5 IcM) on chromosome 10;

wherein said allele confers improved TARSC resistance compared to a plant lacking said allele.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said segment is flanked by loci SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 7 on chromosome 10.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said segment is flanked by loci SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 6 on chromosome 10.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein said segment is located between 3.99 cM (approximately 8 IcM) and 17.7 cM (approximately 74.1 IcM), between 9.4 cM (approximately 35.8 IcM) and 13.7 cM (approximately 57.5 IcM), or between 8.3 cM (approximately 31.9 IcM) and 11.9 cM (approximately 50.2 IcM) on chromosome 10.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein said polymorphic locus comprises a polynucleotide comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 36.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein said plant exhibits increased yield relative to a control plant not comprising said TARSC resistance allele.
16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
c) crossing said progeny plant with itself or a second plant to produce one or more further progeny plants; and
d) selecting a further progeny plant comprising said allele.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein step (d) of selecting comprises marker-assisted selection.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein said marker-assisted selection comprises selecting a progeny plant based on the presence of said allele in at least one polymorphic sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 36.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein said further progeny plant is an F2-F7 progeny plant.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein producing the progeny plant comprises backcrossing.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein backcrossing comprises from 2-7 generations of backcrosses.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein backcrossing comprises marker-assisted selection.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein backcrossing comprises marker-assisted selection in at least two generations.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein backcrossing comprises marker-assisted selection in all generations.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein said marker-assisted selection comprises selecting a progeny plant based on the presence of said allele in at least one polymorphic locus selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 36.
26. The method of claim 10, wherein said first corn plant is an inbred or a hybrid.
27. The method of claim 10, wherein said second corn plant is an agronomically elite corn plant.
28. The method of claim 27, wherein said agronomically elite corn plant is an inbred or a hybrid.
29. A corn plant produced by the method of claim 1.
30. A plant part of the corn plant of claim 29.
31. A seed that produces the plant of claim 29.
32. A corn plant produced by the method of claim 10.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method of evaluating a vessel of a patient, comprising:
introducing at least one instrument into the vessel of the patient;
obtaining from the at least one instrument proximal pressure measurements from within the vessel at a position proximal of a stenosis of the vessel;
obtaining from the at least one instrument distal pressure measurements within the vessel at a position distal of the stenosis of the vessel;
calculating a pressure ratio for each cardiac cycle based on the average distal pressure measurement and the average proximal pressure measurement in the vessel of the patient during each cardiac cycle of the patient;
applying a correlation factor to the calculated pressure ratio to produce a predicted diagnostic pressure ratio, and
displaying the predicted diagnostic pressure ratio to a user.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the predicted diagnostic pressure ratio correlates to an accepted diagnostic pressure ratio.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the accepted diagnostic pressure ratio is at least one of fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR).
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the correlation factor has a fixed value.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the correlation factor is variable.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the correlation factor has a first correlation value for calculated pressure ratios below a first threshold, a second correlation value for calculated pressure ratios between the first threshold and a second threshold, and a third correlation value for calculated pressure ratios above the second threshold.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of a slope of a plot of calculated pressure ratios relative to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of a measure of curvature of a plot of calculated pressure ratios relative to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of an approximated polynomial function of a plot of calculated pressure ratios relative to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.
10. The method of claim 3, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of an area below the curve of a plot of calculated pressure ratios to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.
11. A system for evaluating a vessel of a patient, comprising:
one or more instruments sized and shaped for introduction into the vessel of the patient;
a processing system in communication with the one or more instruments, the processing unit configured to:
obtain, from the one or more instruments, proximal pressure measurements measured within the vessel at a position proximal of a stenosis of the vessel;
obtain, from the one or more instruments, distal pressure measurements measured within the vessel at a position distal of the stenosis of the vessel;
calculate a pressure ratio based on the obtained proximal and distal pressure measurements;
apply a correlation factor to the calculated pressure ratio to produce a predicted diagnostic pressure ratio; and
output the predicted diagnostic pressure ratio to a display.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the predicted diagnostic pressure ratio correlates to an accepted diagnostic pressure ratio.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the accepted diagnostic pressure ratio is at least one of fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR).
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the correlation factor has a fixed value.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the correlation factor is variable.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the correlation factor has a first correlation value for calculated pressure ratios below a first threshold, a second correlation value for calculated pressure ratios between the first threshold and a second threshold, and a third correlation value for calculated pressure ratios above the second threshold.
17. The system of claim 13, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of a slope of a plot of calculated pressure ratios relative to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.
18. The system of claim 13, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of a measure of curvature of a plot of calculated pressure ratios relative to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.
19. The system of claim 13, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of an approximated polynomial function of a plot of calculated pressure ratios relative to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.
20. The system of claim 13, wherein the correlation factor is defined based on a relationship of an area below the curve of a plot of calculated pressure ratios to accepted diagnostic pressure ratios.