All The Claims

1. Sol containing silica-based particles having an axial ratio of at least about 10 and specific surface area of at least about 600 m2g.
2. Sol containing silica-based particles having an axial ratio of at least about 10 and S-value up to about 25.
3. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the axial ratio is in the range of from 10 to 100.
4. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the axial ratio is in the range of from 11 to 35.
5. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the silica-based particles have a specific surface area in the range of from 800 to 1600 m2g.
6. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the silica-based particles have a specific surface area of at least about 1000 m2g.
7. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the silica-based particles are surface-modified with aluminum.
8. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the sol has a silica content of at least about 3% by weight.
9. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the sol has an S-value in the range of from about 5 to about 20%.
10. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the sol has a pH in the range of from about 7.0 to about 10.0.
11. The sol according to claim 1, wherein the sol is aqueous.
12.-20. (canceled)
21. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the axial ratio is in the range of from 10 to 100.
22. The sol according to claim 21, wherein the axial ratio is in the range of from 11 to 35.
23. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the silica-based particles have a specific surface area in the range of from 800 to 1600 m2g.
24. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the silica-based particles have a specific surface area of at least about 1000 m2g.
25. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the silica-based particles are surface-modified with aluminum.
26. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the sol has a silica content of at least about 3% by weight.
27. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the sol has an S-value in the range of from about 5 to about 20%.
28. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the sol has a pH in the range of from about 7.0 to about 10.0.
29. The sol according to claim 2, wherein the sol is aqueous.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A composition comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises M, P, L, X, E, K, G, L, D, XG, A, TK, X, X, wherein X is any naturally occurring amino acid.
2. A composition comprising SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein the SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises M, P, L, X, E, K, G, L, D, XG, A, TK, X, X, wherein X is any naturally occurring amino acid or a conservative substitution thereof, wherein lo the conservative substitutions are selected from the following a deletion thereof or an addition thereto of no more than about 5% of the amino acid sequence, or a conservative substitution thereof, wherein the conservative substitution comprises substitution of
a) alanine, serine, or threonine for each other;
b) aspartic acid or glutamic acid for each other;
c) asparagine or glutamine for each-other;
d) arginine or lysine for each other;
e) isoleucine, leucine, methionine, or valine for each other; and
f) phenylalanine, tyrosine, or tryptophan for each other.
3. The composition of claim 1, comprising any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, or SEQ ID NO: 7.
4. The composition of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein X is methionine.
5. A composition isolated from a plant characterized by the properties of being methanol soluble, protease resistant, heat stable, having a molecular weight of approximately 1.2 kDa, and displaying a UV vis absorption maxima at about 216 nm and 270 nm.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the composition degrades PCE, TCE, PCP, TCB, DCB, CTC, toxaphene or DDT, such degradative activity being inhibited by EDTA.
7. The composition of claim 5, wherein the plant is Elodea or hay.
8. A method of increasing the antioxidant properties of a substance comprising addition of the composition of any one of claims 1 to 7 to the substance.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the substance is a food, beverage, nutritional supplement, vitamin, herbal extract, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or tobacco product.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising addition of an electron source.
11. Use of the composition of any one of claims 1 to 7 for providing antioxidant properties.
12. A method of isolating the composition of any one of claims 5 to 7 comprising:
obtaining a sample of a plant;
homogenizing the sample in buffer to produce a homogenate;
filtering the homogenate to obtain a filtrate;
centrifuging the filtrate to obtain a supernatant;
purifying the supernatant through pH precipitation;
raising pH of the supernatant with base;
centrifuging the supernatant;
filtering through a 3K filter to obtain a second filtrate; and
concentrating the second filtrate.
13. The method of claim 12 further comprising:
lyophilizing the second filtrate to obtain a lyophilized product;
resuspending the lyophilized product in methanol to obtain a clarified methanol solution;
lyophilizing the clarified methanol solution to obtain a powder;
resuspending the powder in buffer; and
chromatographically purifying the resuspension.

1. An electronic device, comprising:
a housing:
a keyboard disposed within a first opening of the housing; and
a track pad disposed within a second opening of the housing, the track pad comprising:
a contact surface;
a capacitive touch sensor disposed below the contact surface and configured to detect a location of a touch on the contact surface;
a set of force sensors disposed below the capacitive touch sensor and proximate to different corners of the track pad; and
an output device configured to output non-visual feedback in response to a force of a touch on the contact surface that exceeds a threshold; wherein
the set of force sensors are configured to produce a non-binary output signal that corresponds to the force of the touch on the contact surface.
2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
the output device includes a speaker; and
the output device is configured to produce an audio output in response to a force exerted on the contact surface.
3. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the set of force sensors are configured to produce an output signal that is linearly or non-linearly proportional to the force of the touch on the contact surface.
4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein each force sensor of the set of force sensors includes at least one bendable member that is configured to bend in response to a force applied to the contact surface and produce a sensor output that corresponds to an amount of deflection due to the force.
5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
each force sensor of the set of force sensors includes metalized traces formed on a surface of a substrate disposed below the contact surface; and
the metalized traces form interdigitated fingers that deflect in response to a force on the contact surface.
6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
the set of force sensors include a capacitive sensor having two electrodes; and
the force sensor is configured to measure the force on the contact surface of the track pad based on a change in capacitance between the two electrodes.
7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:
the track pad is coupled to a housing wall by a spring member and
the housing wall is coupled to the housing.
8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein:
the housing wall is formed from a metal plate; and
the spring member is integrally formed with the housing wall.
9. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising processing circuitry configured to:
determine whether or not a user input includes a gesture;
in accordance with a determination that a user input does not include a gesture, apply a first force threshold associated with a first input command; and
in accordance with a determination that the user input includes a gesture, apply a second force threshold associated with a second input command; wherein

the first force threshold is less than the second force threshold.
10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:
in accordance with a determination that the user input includes a gesture, inhibit a response to a user press input.
11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the gesture comprises an object moving across the contact surface.
12. A portable computer comprising:
a housing;
a display disposed within the housing;
a keyboard disposed within the housing; and
a track pad disposed within an opening in the housing and positioned adjacent to the keyboard, the track pad comprising:
a contact surface;
a capacitive touch sensor disposed below the contact surface and configured to detect a location of a touch on the contact surface;
a set of force sensors disposed below the capacitive touch sensor, wherein:
each force sensor is positioned proximate to a different corner of the track pad; and
the set of force sensors are configured to produce a non-binary output signal that corresponds to the force of the touch on the contact surface.
13. The portable computer of claim 12, wherein each force sensor includes a set of interdigitated fingers that deflect in response to a force on the contact surface.
14. The portable computer of claim 12, further comprising:
a housing wall coupled to the housing and coupled to the track pad by four spring members.
15. The portable computer of claim 14, wherein the housing wall is formed from a metal sheet and the four spring members are integrally formed into the metal sheet of the housing wall.
16. The portable computer of claim 12, wherein the track pad is configured to reject input from a palm when the keyboard is in use.
17. A method of receiving a user input on a surface of a track pad, the method comprising:
producing a location output that corresponds to a touch on a contact surface of the track pad using a capacitive touch sensor disposed below the contact surface;
producing a non-binary force output in response to a force of the touch in a touch region of the contact surface of the track pad using a set of force sensors positioned below the capacitive touch sensor and proximate to respective corners of the track pad, the track pad configured to transfer the force from the touch region to the force sensor;
determining an average applied force by averaging the non-binary force output from the set of force sensors;
triggering a button press event if the average applied force exceeds a threshold; and
outputting a non-visual feedback in response to the button press event.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the threshold is a variable, user-determined threshold.
19. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
recognizing a gesture command if the touch is moving across the contact surface of the track pad; and
in accordance with a determination that the user input includes a gesture command, increasing the threshold.
20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
recognizing a gesture command if the touch is moving across the contact surface of the track pad; and
in accordance with a determination that the user input includes a gesture command, inhibiting a button press event.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:
an on die thermal sensor (ODTS) for outputting a thermal code corresponding to a temperature of the semiconductor memory device; and
a control signal generator for generating a self refresh control signal in response to the thermal code,
wherein a state of the self refresh control signal does not change when the temperature variation is less than a predetermined value.
2. The semiconductor memory device as recited in claim 1, wherein the control signal generator includes:
a flag signal generator for generating a first flag signal and a second flag signal, wherein the first flag signal is enabled in a temperature range higher than a predetermined temperature, and the second flag signal is enabled at a temperature that is different from the predetermined temperature by a specific value or higher; and
a dead zone setting unit enabled in response to the first and second flag signals for generating the self refresh control signal of which a state is not changed when one of the first and the second flag signals is enabled and the other is disabled.
3. The semiconductor memory device as recited in claim 2, wherein the dead zone setting unit enables the self refresh control signal when both the first and second flag signals are enabled,
the self refresh control signal being disabled when both the first and second flag signals are disabled.
4. The semiconductor memory device as recited in claim 3, wherein the dead zone setting unit includes a set-reset (SR) latch receiving the first and second flag signals.
5. The semiconductor memory device as recited in claim 4, wherein the dead zone setting unit comprises:
a first NAND gate for receiving the second flag signal, thereby constituting the SR latch;
a second NAND gate for receiving an inverted signal of the first flag signal, thereby constituting the SR latch with the first NAND gate; and
an inverter for inverting the output of the first NAND gate to output the self refresh control signal.
6. The semiconductor memory device as recited in claim 1, further comprising a self refresh oscillator for controlling a self refresh period in response to the self refresh control signal.
7. A method for generating a self refresh control signal of a semiconductor memory device, the method comprising:
measuring a temperature of the semiconductor memory device to generate a thermal code;
generating a first flag signal enabled at a predetermined temperature or higher using the thermal code;
generating a second flag signal enabled at a temperature that is different from the predetermined temperature by a specific value or higher using the thermal code; and
generating the self refresh control signal enabled in response to the first and second flag signals, wherein a state of the self refresh control signal does not change when one of the first and second flag signals is enabled and the other is disabled.
8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein the self refresh control signal is enabled when both the first and second flag signals are enabled, and disabled when both the first and second flag signals are disabled.
9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the self refresh control signal is inputted into a self refresh oscillator controlling a self refresh period.