All The Claims – Page 20855 – Algorithmically generated claims as prior art

1460708269-457a2278-50de-4a15-8ba5-01303e8a2c07

1. A liquid dispensing end-piece, comprising two filtering membranes and support portions for supporting the membranes and channeling liquid and air through respective membranes, wherein the end-piece comprises a connection portion which is moulded over the support portions in order to fix them together, and wherein the support portions comprise an upper support portion, a lower support portion and an intermediate support portion which is arranged between the upper support portion and the lower support portion, wherein one of said membranes is retained between the upper support portion and the intermediate support portion, and the other membrane is retained between the intermediate support portion and the lower support portion; and
wherein the end-piece further comprises two fluid circulation passages which are defined by the support portions, each of the membranes extending across a respective passage, one of the passages for circulation of air with the membrane extending across the air passage being hydrophobic, and the other passage for circulation of liquid with the membrane extending across the liquid passage being hydrophilic.
2. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein the membranes are overmoulded by the connection portion.
3. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 2, wherein the support portions and the membranes are superimposed in a longitudinal direction (A-A).
4. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein the support portions and the membranes are superimposed in a longitudinal direction (A-A).
5. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein a said passage has two ends and opens at one end through the upper support portion and at one end through the lower support portion.
6. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate support portion is connected to both the lower support portion and the upper support portion by means of snap-fitting.
7. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein the connection portion surrounds the intermediate support portion.
8. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate support portion comprises reinforcement ribs.
9. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 8, wherein the end piece further comprises a fluid channelling pipe, and the reinforcement ribs comprise at least one set of radial ribs which extend across the fluid channelling pipe and the intermediate support portion.
10. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein the support portions have a stacking axis (A-A), and the connection portion is overmoulded by means of injection from several locations which are distributed about the stacking axis (A-A) of the support portions.
11. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate portion defines at least one hole for receiving a member for locking an injection mould of the connection portion, which member is intended to be inserted in the at least one hole in order to immobilise the intermediate portion during the injection of the connection portion.
12. The liquid dispensing end-piece according to claim 11, wherein at least one of the at least one holes for receiving a locking member defined by the intermediate portion delimits a portion of a passage for circulation of fluid through the end-piece, which opens laterally via the hole.
13. A liquid packaging and dispensing assembly comprising a receptacle which has a neck, and an dispensing end-piece according to claim 1, arranged on the neck.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus, comprising:
an adapter including a first body and a second body, wherein a lower surface profile of the first body and the second body cooperate to form a first geometric mounting profile, wherein the first geometric mounting profile forms a channel sized to receive a mounting rail, wherein all lateral outer side surfaces of an upper surface profile of the first body and the second body cooperate to form a second geometric mounting profile, wherein the second geometric mounting profile forms a rail body sized to be received within a channel formed by an implement, wherein the first geometric mounting profile is different from the second geometric mounting profile, wherein the channel formed by the first geometric mounting profile and the mounting rail include corresponding dovetail profiles, wherein the rail body formed by the second geometric mounting profile and the channel formed by the implement include corresponding picatinny profiles, wherein the first geometric mounting profile includes
a vertical mounting profile dimension, wherein the adapter includes
a vertical adapter dimension, wherein the vertical adapter dimension is approximately less than or equal to about three times the vertical mounting profile dimension,

wherein a first plane extends across an upper surface portion of the upper surface profile of the first body and the second body, wherein a second plane extends across a first surface portion of the lower surface profile of the first body and the second body, wherein a third plane extends across a second surface portion of the lower surface profile of the first body and the second body,
wherein a first mounting zone of the adapter is bounded by the first plane and the second plane, wherein a second mounting zone of the adapter is bounded by the second plane and the third plane,
wherein the first mounting zone overlaps the second mounting zone.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the vertical body dimension is equal to about a dimension ranging between about 3.001 mm and 4.000 mm, wherein the bore dimension is equal to about 3.000 mm.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the first body and the second body respectively form at least one first aligned bore that receives
a first fastener that connects the first body to the second body, and
a spring that biases the first body and the second body away from one another.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the first body forms at least one second bore, wherein the at least one second bore intersects with and is in communication with the at least one first bore formed in the first body.
9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the at least one second bore is substantially perpendicular with respect to the at least one first bore formed in the first body.
10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the at least one second bore receives
a set screw, wherein an end of the set screw is arranged within the at least one first bore formed in the first body, wherein the end of the set screw contacts a side surface of the first fastener.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mounting rail extends from a firearm.
12. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the mounting rail extends from a firearm.
13. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the mounting rail extends from a firearm.
14. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
means for adjusting a width of the adapter for wedging and self-locking the adapter within a female mounting channel of an implement, wherein the means is disposed between the first body and the second body.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
a pair of biasing members for adjusting a width of the adapter for wedging and self-locking the adapter within a female mounting channel of an implement, wherein the pair of biasing members are disposed between the first body and the second body.
16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an upwardly-facing mounting surface of the first body includes a first width dimension, wherein an upwardly-facing mounting surface of the first body includes a second width dimension, wherein the first width dimension is greater than the second width dimension to define the adapter to have a non-symmetrical geometry.
17. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising
means for adjusting a width of the adapter for wedging and self-locking the adapter within a female mounting channel of an implement, wherein the means is disposed between the first body and the second body.
18. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising
a pair of biasing members for adjusting a width of the adapter for wedging and self-locking the adapter within a female mounting channel of an implement, wherein the pair of biasing members are disposed between the first body and the second body.
19. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein an upwardly-facing mounting surface of the first body includes a first width dimension, wherein an upwardly-facing mounting surface of the first body includes a second width dimension, wherein the first width dimension is greater than the second width dimension to define the adapter to have a non-symmetrical geometry.
20. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising
means for adjusting a width of the adapter for wedging and self-locking the adapter within a female mounting channel of an implement, wherein the means is disposed between the first body and the second body.
21. The apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising
a pair of biasing members for adjusting a width of the adapter for wedging and self-locking the adapter within a female mounting channel of an implement, wherein the pair of biasing members are disposed between the first body and the second body.
22. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein an upwardly-facing mounting surface of the first body includes a first width dimension, wherein an upwardly-facing mounting surface of the first body includes a second width dimension, wherein the first width dimension is greater than the second width dimension to define the adapter to have a non-symmetrical geometry.
23. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first plane is parallel to the second plane, wherein the second plane is parallel to the third plane.
24. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein all of the lateral outer side surfaces of the first body portion and the second body portion are located between the first plane and the second plane, wherein all inner female mounting channel surfaces of the first body portion and the second body portion are located between the second plane and the third plane.
25. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein approximately one-third of the first mounting zone overlaps with all of the second mounting zone.
26. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first plane is parallel to the second plane, wherein the second plane is parallel to the third plane.
27. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein all of the lateral outer side surfaces of the first body portion and the second body portion are located between the first plane and the second plane, wherein all inner female mounting channel surfaces of the first body portion and the second body portion are located between the second plane and the third plane.
28. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein approximately one-third of the first mounting zone overlaps with all of the second mounting zone.
29. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first plane is parallel to the second plane, wherein the second plane is parallel to the third plane.
30. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein all of the lateral outer side surfaces of the first body portion and the second body portion are located between the first plane and the second plane, wherein all inner female mounting channel surfaces of the first body portion and the second body portion are located between the second plane and the third plane.
31. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein approximately one-third of the first mounting zone overlaps with all of the second mounting zone.

1460708260-725b2e4f-91ee-46e4-af27-099a0d030c9d

1. A photovoltaic (PV) cell module that generates electric power in response to incident light, this module having layered members including a plurality of layers with light transmitting properties (light transmitting layers) wherein starting from the side from which incident light enters, this plurality of light transmitting layers comprise a first layer, a second layer, . . . m-th layer, and the respective refractive indexes of this plurality of light transmitting layers are first refractive index n1, second refractive index n2, . . . m-th refractive index nm, where n1\u2266n2\u2266 . . . \u2266nm, and, at least one layer from among the light transmitting layers is a light trapping film having an structured shape on the incident side where the incident light enters, the refractive index of which film is 1.6-2.4.
2. The PV module according to claim 1 wherein the value of normalized absorbance a of the light trapping film, as shown in the following mathematical expression (3), should preferably be 0.1 or less when the wavelength of the incident light is 400-1200 nm,
Mathematical
\ue89e
\ue89e
Expression
\ue89e
\ue89e
3
a
\ue8a0
–
\xb5m
=
–
log
10

\ue8a0

(
T
)
L
(
3
)
wherein T is the transmittance, L is the average thickness (\u03bcm) of the film.
3. The PV module according to claim 1 wherein between the light trapping film that is over the solar cell that converts incident light into electric power and the solar cell, an anti-reflective layer equivalent to one of the layers from among the light transmitting layers is formed, and the refractive index of this light trapping film is less than the refractive index of the anti-reflective layer on the solar cell.
4. The PV module according to claim 1 wherein by adjusting the refractive index of the light trapping film and that of the anti-reflective layer the efficiency of light guidance to the solar cell by the light trapping film is improved.
5. The PV module according to claim 1 wherein a mold film, the incident side of which where the incident light enters having an structured shape, is placed over the light trapping film, and the refractive index of that mold film is less than the refractive index of the light trapping film.
6. The PV module according to claim 1 wherein the light trapping film is an organic-inorganic hybrid composition including titanium tetra alkoxide.
7. The PV module according to claim 1 wherein the solar cell that converts incident light into electric power uses a solar cell formed by having a silicon substrate providing a rough surface formed by slicing in a mechanical process, which substrate is then subjected to etching to remove damage sustained on the surface mainly when the slicing was performed, and is not actively subjected to processes to form an uneven shape thereon.
8. The PV module according to claim 1 wherein the solar cell that converts incident light into electric power uses a solar cell formed by having a silicon substrate providing a rough surface formed by slicing in a mechanical process, which substrate is then subjected to etching using an aqueous solution including 0.25 moll alkali hydroxide to remove damage sustained on the surface mainly when the slicing was performed, and is not actively subjected to processes to form an uneven shape thereon.
9. The PV module according to claim 3 wherein a silicon nitride layer comprised of Si, N and H the refractive index of which is within the range from 1.8-2.7 is used for the anti-reflective layer of the solar cell.
10. The PV module according to claim 9 wherein the silicon nitride layer used for the anti-reflective layer is formed by the plasma CVD method using as the raw material, a compound gas of SiH4 and NH3, under conditions in which the volume ratio of the NH3SiH4 compound gas is 0.05-1.0, pressure in the reaction chamber is 0.1-2 Torr, the temperature when forming the film is 300-550\xb0 C. and the frequency for plasma discharge is not less than 100 kHz.
11. A method for manufacturing a photovoltaic (PV) module having layered members including a plurality of layers with light transmitting properties (light transmitting layers), that generates electric power in response to incident light, comprising the steps of:
forming a solar cell by forming on a silicon substrate at least an anti-reflective layer for preventing the reflection of incident light and electrodes on the front and back surfaces;
forming a module by forming on the anti-reflective layer of the solar cell formed by the cell formation process, a light trapping film that traps incident light, then encapsulating the solar cell with an encapsulant; wherein
at the module formation step the refractive index of the light trapping film is made less than the refractive index of the anti-reflective layer, and greater than the refractive index of the encapsulant.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A system for regulating the flow of gas from an environment, through a region and to a lower pressure area, so as to maintain a constant differential pressure in the region with respect to the environment, the system comprising:
a path, through which gas passes from the region to the lower pressure area;
a reference chamber located adjacent the path;
first and second plates mounted at opposite sides of the path so that the two plates are substantially parallel to each other, the first plate having a first integral hinge so that the first plate can rotate at the first integral hinge, the second plate have a second integral hinge so that the second plate can rotate at the second integral hinge, both the first plate and the second plate having a conduit side, facing the path, and a reference-pressure side, the second plate’s reference-pressure side being exposed to the environment’s pressure, and the first plate’s reference-pressure side being exposed to the reference chamber;
a reference conduit connecting the region directly to the reference chamber so that the pressure in the reference chamber is the same as the region’s pressure; and
an impeder for variably impeding the flow through the path based on the position of the plates.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the impeder includes a fixed grate disposed in the path so that it does not move with respect to the path, and a movable grate, the movable grate coupled to the first plate via a third integral hinge at a point distal from the first integral hinge, the movable grate coupled to the second plate via a fourth integral hinge at a point distal from the second integral hinge, the movable grate being disposed immediately adjacent to the fixed grate, so that as the movable grate moves with respect to the fixed grate the impedance on the flow varies.
3. A system according to claim 2, wherein the movable grate, the first plate, and the second plate are a single component formed from a single sheet of a material.
4. A system according to claim 3, wherein the material is polypropene.
5. A system according to claim 2, wherein the fixed grate is formed from a single sheet of a material.
6. A system according to claim 5 wherein the material is polypropene.
7. A system according to claim 2, wherein the movable grate and the fixed grate, when aligned, have a shape that is substantially symmetric fore and aft relative to the path.
8. A system according to claim 7, wherein the shape is elliptical.
9. A system according to claim 1, further comprising an adjustor for urging the plates to move in a direction that adjusts the impedance on the flow.
10. A system according to claim 9, wherein the adjuster includes one of a spring, a weight, a DC electric motor, or a piston and cylinder arrangement.
11. A system according to claim 10, wherein the spring is one of a compression spring or a torsional spring.
12. A device for regulating fluid flow, the device comprising:
a path through which fluid flows;
first and second plates mounted at opposite sides of the path so that the two plates are substantially parallel to each other, the first plate having a first integral hinge so that the first plate can rotate at the first integral hinge, the second plate have a second integral hinge so that the second plate can rotate at the second integral hinge, both the first plate and the second plate having a conduit side, facing the path, and a reference-pressure side, the first plate’s reference-pressure side being exposed to a first reference pressure, and the second plate’s reference-pressure side being exposed to a second reference pressure; and
impedance means attached to the plates for variably impeding the flow through the path based on the position of the plates.
13. A system according to claim 12, wherein the impeder includes a fixed grate disposed in the path so that it does not move with respect to the path, and a movable grate, the movable grate coupled to the first plate via a third integral hinge at a point distal from the first integral hinge, the movable grate coupled to the second plate via a fourth integral hinge at a point distal from the second integral hinge, the movable grate being disposed immediately adjacent to the fixed grate, so that as the movable grate moves with respect to the fixed grate the impedance on the flow varies.
14. A system according to claim 13, wherein the movable grate, the first plate, and the second plate are a single component formed from a single sheet of a material.
15. A system according to claim 14, wherein the material is polypropene.
16. A system according to claim 13, wherein the fixed grate is formed from a single sheet of a material.
17. A system according to claim 16, wherein the material is polypropene.
18. A system according to claim 13, wherein the movable grate and the fixed grate, when aligned, have a shape that is substantially symmetric fore and aft relative to the path.
19. A system according to claim 18, wherein the shape is elliptical.
20. A system according to claim 12, further comprising restoring means for urging the plates to move in a direction that lessens the impendence on the flow.
21. A system according to claim 20, wherein the restoring means includes one of a spring, a weight, a DC electric motor, or a piston and cylinder arrangement.
22. A system according to claim 21, wherein the spring is one of a compression spring or a torsional spring.
23. A system for regulating fluid flow, the system comprising:
a path through which fluid passes;
a plate having a first integral hinge so that the plate can rotate at the first hinge, the plate having a reference-pressure side, the plate’s reference pressure side being exposed to a reference pressure;
a fixed grate disposed in the path so that it does not move with respect to the path; and
a movable grate coupled to the plate via a second integral hinge at a point distal from the first integral hinge, the movable grate being disposed immediately adjacent to the fixed gate, so that the movable and fixed grates impart an impedance to the flow through the path, and so that, as the movable grate moves with respect to the fixed grate, the impedance on the flow varies.
24. A system according to claim 23, wherein the movable grate and the fixed grate, when aligned, have a shape that is substantially symmetric fore and aft relative to the path.
25. A system according to claim 24, wherein the shape is elliptical.
26. A system according to claim 23, further including restoring means for applying a torque about the first integral hinge that urges the plate in a direction that lessens the impedance.
27. A system according to claim 26, wherein the restoring means includes one of a spring, a weight, a DC electric motor, or a piston and cylinder arrangement.
28. A system according to claim 27, wherein the spring is one of a compression spring or a torsional spring.
29. A device for regulating the flow of fluid through a passageway, the device compising:
a conduit having a wall defining the passageway through the device;
a member having a top face, exposed to a reference pressure, and a bottom face forming a portion of the conduit wall, the member having a first integral hinge so that the member can rotate at the first integral hinge; and
a gate, attached to the member at a point distal from the first integral hinge, the gate extending into the passageway so as to variably impede fluid flowing through the passageway at a constriction point, the gate’s impedance on the fluid flow varying as a function of the pressure differential across the member’s top and bottom faces, the gate and the member being mounted so that each moves in a direction transverse to the direction of the fluid through the constriction point.
30. A device according to claim 29, wherein the gate includes a movable grate fixedly attached to the member so that it moves with the member, and wherein the conduit includes a fixed grate fixedly attached to the conduit so that the fixed grate does not move with respect to the conduit, the fixed grate and movable grate being located adjacent each other and defining a plurality of constriction points, the size of each constriction point varying as the member moves.
31. A device according to claim 30, wherein the movable grate and the fixed grate, when aligned, have a shape that is substantially symmetric fore and aft relative to the passageway.
32. A system according to claim 31, wherein the shape is elliptical.
33. A system according to claim 29, further comprising restoring means for exerting a torque on the member about the first integral hinge so as to tend to cause the gate to lessen the impedance on the fluid flow, and so that when there is no fluid flow through the passageway the amount that the gate impedes the flow is relatively low, the restoring means including the weight of the member upstream of the pivot point.
34. A system according to claim 33, wherein the restoring means includes one of a spring, a weight, a DC electric motor, or a piston and cylinder arrangement.
35. A system according to claim 34, wherein the spring is one of a compression spring or a torsional spring.
36. A device for regulating the flow of fluid, the device comprising:
a conduit through which fluid flows;
a member having a frontal face along which the entire face fluid in the conduit flows, and a distal face exposed to a reference pressure, the member having an integral hinge so that the member can rotate at the integral hinge; and
impedance means for variably impeding flow through the conduit at one or more constriction points, the size of each constriction point varying as the member moves, the impedance means extending only part way into the passageway, so that a portion of the flow through the passageway bypasses the constriction point.
37. A device according to claim 36, wherein the impedance means includes a movable grate fixedly attached to the member so that it moves with the member, and wherein the conduit includes a fixed grate fixedly attached to the conduit so that the fixed grate does not move with respect to the conduit, the fixed grate and movable grate being located adjacent each other, and defining the one or more constriction points, the size of each constriction point varying as the member moves.
38. A device according to claim 37, wherein the movable grate and the fixed grate, when aligned, have a shape that is substantially symmetric fore and aft with respect to the path.
39. A system according to claim 38, wherein the shape is elliptical.
40. A system according to claim 36, further comprising restoring means for exerting a torque on the member about the hinge, so as to tend to lessen the impedance on the fluid flow, and so that when there is no flow through the conduit the impedance caused by the impedance means is relatively low.
41. A system according to claim 40, wherein the restoring means includes one of a spring, a weight, a DC electric motor, or a piston and cylinder arrangement.
42. A system according to claim 41, wherein the spring is one of a compression spring or a torsional spring.
43. A device for regulating fluid flow, the device comprising:
a shell formed from a single sheet of folded material, the shell forming a path through which fluid flows;
a fixed grate formed from a single sheet of folded material, the fixed grate disposed in the path so that as fluid moves the fixed grate does not move; and
a movable grate assembly formed from a single sheet of folded material, the movable grate assembly including a movable grate that moves with respect to the fixed grate so as to vary flow impedance.
44. A device according to claim 43, wherein the movable grate assembly includes at least one member that includes an integral hinge, such that the member can rotate at the integral hinge.
45. A device according to claim 44, wherein the integral hinge is formed by one of injection molding, hot forging, or machining of oriented material.
46. A device according to claim 43, wherein the movable grate assembly further includes first and second plates, the first plate having a first integral hinge so that the first plate can rotate at the first integral hinge, the second plate have a second integral hinge so that the second plate can rotate at the second integral hinge, the movable grate coupled to the first plate via a third integral hinge at a point distal from the first integral hinge, the movable grate coupled to the second plate via a fourth integral hinge at a point distal from the second integral hinge, the first and second plates mounted at opposite sides of the path such that both plates having a conduit side, facing the path, and a reference-pressure side being exposed to a first reference pressure.
47. A method for constructing a device for regulating fluid flow, the method comprising:
folding a first sheet of material forming a shell;
folding a second sheet of material forming a fixed grate;
folding a third sheet of material forming a movable grate,
combining the shell, the fixed grate, and the movable grate to form the device.
48. A method according to claim 47, further comprising applying a sealent to seal the device.
49. A method according to claim 47, further comprising using a welding process to seal the device.
50. A method according to claim 47, further comprising using ultrasonic welding to seal seal the device.
51. A device according to claim 47, wherein the movable grate assembly includes at least one member that has an integral hinge, such that the member can rotate at the integral hinge.
52. A device for regulating the flow of gas from an environment, the device comprising:
a shell forming a path through which fluid flows;
a fixed grate disposed in the path so that as fluid flows in the path the fixed grate does not move; and
a movable grate assembly that includes one or more plates and a movable grate attached to the one or more plates, the one or more plates including an integral hinge such that the plate can rotate about the integral hinge, wherein when the movable grate moves with respect to the fixed grate the impedance on the flow varies.
53. A device according to claim 52, wherein the one or more plates are attached to the shell.
54. A device according to claim 52, wherein the movable grate is attached to each plate via an integral hinge.
55. A device according to claim 52, wherein the movable grate assembly is formed from a single sheet of folded material.
56. A device according to claim 52, wherein the shell is formed from a single sheet of folded material.
57. A device according to claim 52, wherein the fixed grate is formed from a single sheet of folded material.
58. A device according to claim 52, further including an adjustor for urging the plates to move in a direction that adjusts the impedance on the flow.
59. A device according to claim 58, wherein the adjuster includes one of a spring, a weight, a DC electric motor, or a piston cylinder arrangement.
60. A device according to claim 59, wherein the spring is one of a compression spring or a torsional spring.
61. The device according to claim 60, wherein the movable grate and the fixed grate, when aligned, have a shape that is substantially symmetric fore and aft relative to the path.
62. The device according to claim 61, wherein the shape is elliptical.
63. A device according to claim 52, wherein the movable grate assembly includes first and second plates, the first plate having a first integral hinge so that the first plate can rotate at the first integral hinge, the second plate have a second integral hinge so that the second plate can rotate at the second integral hinge, the movable grate coupled to the first plate via a third integral hinge at a point distal from the first integral hinge, the movable grate coupled to the second plate via a fourth integral hinge at a point distal from the second integral hinge, the first and second plates mounted at opposite sides of the path such that both plates having a conduit side, facing the path, and a reference-pressure side being exposed to a first reference pressure.
64. A device for regulating fluid flow from an environment, the device comprising:
a conduit having walls defining a path through which fluid flows;
an impeder attached to the conduit, the impeder for variably impeding the flow through the path, the impeder including:
an integral hinge such that the impeder can rotate about the integral hinge;
a fixed grate disposed in the path so that as fluid moves the fixed grate does not move; and
a movable grate, wherein when the movable grate moves with respect to the fixed grate the impedance on the flow varies.