All The Claims

1. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium, wherein hydrogen, oxygen, and a working medium composed of a monoatomic gas is supplied to a combustion chamber to combust the hydrogen, and the working medium included in an exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber is recirculated to the combustion chamber through a recirculating passage, the hydrogen engine having product eliminating means, disposed in the recirculating passage, for eliminating carbon dioxide produced in the combustion chamber, wherein the product eliminating means comprises:
an absorbing material configured to absorb the carbon dioxide; and
a discharging opening section configured to discharge the carbon dioxide from the absorbing material to ambient air outside of the hydrogen engine, wherein
the recirculating passage comprises a main passage and a bypass passage which branches from the main passage at a branch point and joins to the main passage at a joining point downstream of the branch point, and the product eliminating means is disposed in the bypass passage,
the hydrogen engine further comprising a path switching means, disposed at the branch point, for selecting either a first state in which the gas flowing through the main passage upstream of the branch point is made to flow through the main passage from the branch point to the joining point or a second state in which the gas flowing through the main passage upstream of the branch point is made to flow through the bypass passage from the branch point to the joining point.
2. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 1, wherein the product eliminating means comprises,
a container having a passage which constitute a portion of the recirculating passage; and
a monoethanolamine solution contained in the passage of the container or a zeolitic absorbent contained in the passage of the container.
3. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 1, wherein the product eliminating means further comprises
enhancing separation means for adding physical action to the absorbing material in such a manner that the carbon dioxide absorbed by the absorbing material is enhanced to separate from the absorbing material; and
wherein the discharging opening section discharges the carbon dioxide which is separated from the absorbing material.
4. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 3, wherein
the absorbing material is either a monoethanolamine solution which absorbs the carbon dioxide by dissolving the carbon dioxide or a zeolitic absorbent which absorbs the carbon dioxide by sorbing the carbon dioxide; and
the enhancing separation means is a heating means for heating the absorbing material.
5. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 1, further comprising
carbon dioxide concentration obtaining means for obtaining a concentration of carbon dioxide contained in gas flowing through the main passage; and
switching control means for switching over the path switching means in such a manner that the gas flowing through the main passage upstream of the branch point is made to flow through the bypass passage between the branch point and the joining point, when the obtained concentration of carbon dioxide is higher than a predetermined concentration.
6. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 5, wherein the carbon dioxide concentration obtaining means is a carbon dioxide concentration sensor which detects the carbon dioxide concentration.
7. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 5, wherein the carbon dioxide concentration obtaining means is carbon dioxide concentration estimating means for estimating the carbon dioxide concentration based on accumulated time period of operation of the hydrogen engine.
8. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 1, further comprising
cylinder pressure obtaining means for obtaining a cylinder pressure which is a pressure in the combustion chamber when a crank angle of the engine coincides with a predetermined crank angle near a top dead center of a compression stroke; and
switching control means for switching over the path switching means in such a manner that the gas flowing through the main passage upstream of the branch point is made to flow through the bypass passage between the branch point and the joining point, when the obtained cylinder pressure is smaller than a predetermined pressure.
9. A hydrogen engine using a recirculating working medium as described in claim 1, further comprising
combustion state indicating value obtaining means for obtaining a combustion state indicating value indicative of combustion state in the engine; and
switching control means for switching over the path switching means in such a manner that the gas flowing through the main passage upstream of the branch point is made to flow through the bypass passage between the branch point and the joining point, when the obtained combustion state indicating value indicates that the combustion state is worse than predetermined combustion state.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A compact wireless modem card placement in compliance with thickness requirement of type II PCMCIA standard and type II Compact Flash form factor standard, comprising:
a first side having a height clearance of approximately 2 mm; and
a second side opposite the first side and having a height clearance of approximately 1.45 mm
wherein those components with a height greater than 1.4 mm are placed on the first side of the card.
2. The compact wireless modem card of claim 1 wherein the first side of the card includes:
a radio-frequency transmitter (RFT) chip located at the lower left of the first side, the RFT chip to perform signal processing functions to up-convert baseband signals received from a mobile station modem (MSM) chip to radio-frequency signals;
a radio-frequency (RF) surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter located above and to the left of the RFT chip, wherein the space between the RFT chip and the RF SAW filter is used to route the transmission line from each respective driver.
3. The compact wireless modem card of claim 2 further including:
a tank circuit located below the RFT chip for the IF_LO generation performed by an on-chip synthesized IF_LO circuit included in the RFT chip; and
a plurality of ground vias enclosing the tank circuit to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI).
4. The compact wireless modem card of claim 3 further including:
a power amplifier (PA) device;
an isolator coupled to the PA device and located to the right of the PA device; and
a duplexer coupled to the isolator and located to the right of the isolator.
5. The compact wireless modem card of claim 4 further including ground vias located on the lower boundary of a chain formed by the PA device, the isolator, and the duplexer.
6. The compact wireless modem card of claim 5 wherein the MSM chip is located to the right of the RFT chip and below the isolator and the duplexer.
7. The compact wireless modem card of claim 6 further including:
an intermediate frequency (IF) SAW filter located to the right of the MSM chip.
8. The compact wireless modem card of claim 5 further including:
a low noise amplifier (LNA) Mixer integrated circuit (IC) located on the upper left of the second side, wherein the inputs of the LNA Mixer IC are located opposite the receive (RX) port of the duplexer;
a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit located on the left of the second side and below the LNA Mixer IC; and
an intermediate frequency receiver (IFR) chip located of the left of the second side and below the PLL circuit.
9. The compact wireless modem card of claim 8 wherein the IF outputs from the LNA Mixer are located opposite the inputs of the IF SAW filter.
10. The compact wireless modem card of claim 9 wherein the outputs of the IF SAW filter are located opposite the inputs of the IFR chip.
11. The compact wireless modem card of claim 10 further including a loop filter and a tank circuit for the IFR chip which are located to the left of the IFR chip.
12. The compact wireless modem card of claim 11 further including a plurality of ground vias located to the right of a receive chain (RX chain) which includes the LNA Mixer, the PLL, and the IFR chip.
13. The compact wireless modem card of claim 12 further including a power management (PM) unit located to the right of the LNA Mixer.
14. The compact wireless modem card of claim 13 further including an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) located to the right of the PM unit and the memory unit.
15. A method for producing a compact wireless modem card in compliance with thickness requirement of type II PCMCIA standard and type II Compact Flash form factor standard, comprising:
producing a first side having a height clearance of approximately 2 mm;
producing a second side opposite the first side and having a height clearance of approximately 1.45 mm; and
placing those components with a height greater than 1.4 mm on the first side of the card.
16. The method of claim 15 further including:
placing a radio-frequency transmitter (RFT) chip at the lower left of the first side, the RFT chip to perform signal processing functions to up-convert baseband signals received from a mobile station modem (MSM) chip to radio-frequency signals;
placing a radio-frequency (RF) surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter above and to the left of the RFT chip, wherein the space between the RFT chip and the RF SAW filter is used to route the transmission line from each respective driver;
placing a tank circuit below the RFT chip for the IF_LO generation performed by an on-chip synthesized IF_LO circuit included in the RFT chip; and
placing a plurality of ground vias around the tank circuit to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI).
17. The method of claim 16 further including:
placing a power amplifier (PA) device above and to the right of the RF Saw filter;
placing an isolator which is coupled to the PA device and to the right of the PA device; and
placing a duplexer which is coupled to the isolator to the right of the isolator.
18. The method of claim 17 further including ground vias located on the lower boundary of a chain formed by the PA device, the isolator, and the duplexer.
19. The method of claim 18 further including:
placing the MSM chip to the right of the RFT chip and below the isolator and the duplexer; and
placing an intermediate frequency (IF) SAW filter to the right of the MSM chip.
20. The method of claim 19 further including:
placing a low noise amplifier (LNA) Mixer integrated circuit (IC) on the upper left of the second side, wherein the inputs of the LNA Mixer IC are located opposite the receive (RX) port of the duplexer;
placing a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit on the left of the second side and below the LNA Mixer IC; and
placing an intermediate frequency receiver (IFR) chip on the left of the second side and below the PLL circuit.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the LNA Mixer IC passes the LNA output through an RF SAW and down-converts the received signal (RX signal) to intermediate frequency (IF) signal, the IF outputs from the LNA Mixer are located opposite the inputs of the IF SAW filter, and wherein the outputs of the IF SAW filter are located opposite the inputs of the IFR chip.
22. The method of claim 20 further including:
placing a loop filter and a tank circuit for the IFR chip to the left of the IFR chip;
placing a plurality of ground vias to the right of a receive chain (RX chain) which includes the LNA Mixer, the PLL, and the IFR chip.
23. The method of claim 22 further including:
placing a power management (PM) unit to the right of the LNA Mixer.
24. The method of claim 23 further including:
placing an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) on the second side to the right of the PM unit and the memory unit.

1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a carrier;
a forming device configured to form a mark on the carrier;
a sensor including a light emitting device and a light receiving device, the light emitting device being configured to emit light toward the carrier, and the light receiving device being configured to receive light reflected from at least one of the carrier and the mark and output a light reception signal corresponding to a quantity of the received light;
a determiner configured to determine a position of the mark on a basis of the light reception signal;
a changer configured to change a sensor sensitivity of the sensor by changing at least one of a quantity of light emitted by the light emitting device and a sensitivity of the light receiving device;
an evaluator configured to obtain the light reception signal a plurality of times and configured to evaluate a degree of closeness between an average level of the light reception signal obtained a plurality of times and a target level; and
a controller configured to control the changer to change the sensor sensitivity of the sensor according to a result of the evaluation of the evaluator,
wherein a first ratio is a ratio of a number to the plurality of times, the number being a number of times where either one of a plurality of conditions is met, the plurality of conditions including a condition where the light reception signal is at the target level, a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or lower than the target level, and a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or higher than the target level, and
wherein the evaluator evaluates the degree of closeness on a basis of a judgment whether the first ratio is within a reference range.
2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
upon judgment of the evaluator that the first ratio is out of the reference range, the controller controls the changer to change the sensor sensitivity of the sensor; and
the evaluator evaluates the degree of closeness again after the controller changes the sensor sensitivity of the sensor.
3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:
a second ratio is a ratio of a number to the plurality of times, the number being a number of times where none of a plurality of conditions is met; and
upon judgment of the evaluator that the first ratio is out of the reference range, and upon reversal of a magnitude relation between the first ratio and a second ratio, the controller terminates the change of the sensor sensitivity based on the first ratio.
4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising
searching unit configured to execute an initial-value search process, the initial-value search process including: grasping a control value for the sensor sensitivity in the changer a plurality of cycles when the light reception signal meets the condition and, on a basis of the control value grasped in the plurality of cycles, searching an initial control value,
wherein the evaluator starts the evaluation of the degree of closeness at the initial control value.
5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
in the initial-value search process, the searching unit grasps the control value for the sensor sensitivity either one of when the light reception signal has become equal to or lower than a predetermined level and when the light reception signal has become equal to or higher than the predetermined level, the predetermined level being lower than the target level; and
upon judgment of the evaluator that the first ratio is within the reference range, the controller controls the changer to change the control value at the time of the judgment on a basis of the target level, the initial control value, the predetermined level, and the control value corresponding to the predetermined level and to shift the average level toward a saturation level of the light receiving device.
6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising:
a belt as the carrier and the object; and
a drive mechanism configured to rotate the belt,
wherein the evaluator obtains the light reception signal the plurality of times during rotation of the belt.
7. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a carrier;
an object different from the carrier;
a forming device configured to form a mark on the carrier;
a sensor including a light emitting device and a light receiving device, the light emitting device being configured to emit light toward at least one of the carrier and the object, and the light receiving device being configured to receive light reflected from at least one of the carrier and the object and output a light reception signal corresponding to a quantity of the received light;
a determiner configured to determine a position of the mark on a basis of the light reception signal at a time when the light emitting device emits light to the carrier;
a changer configured to change a sensor sensitivity of the sensor by changing at least one of a quantity of light emitted by the light emitting device and a sensitivity of the light receiving device;
an evaluator configured to obtain the light reception signal at a time when the light emitting device emits light to the object a plurality of times and configured to evaluate a degree of closeness between an average level of the light reception signal obtained a plurality of times and a target level; and
a controller configured to control the changer to change the sensor sensitivity of the sensor according to a result of the evaluation of the evaluator,
wherein a first ratio is a ratio of a number to the plurality of times, the number being a number of times where either one of a plurality of conditions is met, the plurality of conditions including a condition where the light reception signal is at the target level, a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or lower than the target level, and a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or higher than the target level, and
wherein the evaluator evaluates the degree of closeness on a basis of a judgment whether the first ratio is within a reference range.
8. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a carrier;
a forming device configured to form a mark on the carrier;
a sensor including a light emitting device and a light receiving device, the light emitting device being configured to emit light toward the carrier, and the light receiving device being configured to receive light reflected from at least one of the carrier and the mark and output a light reception signal corresponding to a quantity of the received light;
a changer configured to change a sensor sensitivity of the sensor by changing at least one of a quantity of light emitted by the light emitting device and a sensitivity of the light receiving device;
a processing unit; and
memory storing machine readable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to function as
a determiner configured to determine a position of the mark on a basis of the light reception signal;
an evaluator configured to obtain the light reception signal a plurality of times and configured to evaluate a degree of closeness between an average level of the light reception signal obtained a plurality of times and a target level; and
a controller configured to control the changer to change the sensor sensitivity of the sensor according to a result of the evaluation of the evaluator,

wherein a first ratio is a ratio of a number to the plurality of times, the number being a number of times where either one of a plurality of conditions is met, the plurality of conditions including a condition where the light reception signal is at the target level, a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or lower than the target level, and a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or higher than the target level, and
wherein the evaluator evaluates the degree of closeness on a basis of a judgment whether the first ratio is within a reference range.
9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein:
upon judgment of the evaluator that the first ratio is out of the reference range, the controller controls the changer to change the sensor sensitivity of the sensor; and
the evaluator evaluates the degree of closeness again after the controller changes the sensor sensitivity of the sensor.
10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein:
a second ratio is a ratio of a number to the plurality of times, the number being a number of times where none of a plurality of conditions is met; and
upon judgment of the evaluator that the first ratio is out of the reference range, and upon reversal of a magnitude relation between the first ratio and a second ratio, the controller terminates the change of the sensor sensitivity based on the first ratio.
11. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the memory further stores machine readable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to function as
a searching unit configured to execute an initial-value search process, the initial-value search process including: grasping a control value for the sensor sensitivity in the changer a plurality of cycles when the light reception signal meets the condition and, on a basis of the control value grasped in the plurality of cycles, searching an initial control value, and
wherein the evaluator starts the evaluation of the degree of closeness at the initial control value.
12. The image forming apparatus according to claim 11, wherein:
in the initial-value search process, the searching unit grasps the control value for the sensor sensitivity either one of when the light reception signal has become equal to or lower than a predetermined level and when the light reception signal has become equal to or higher than the predetermined level, the predetermined level being lower than the target level; and
upon judgment of the evaluator that the first ratio is within the reference range, the controller controls the changer to change the control value at the time of the judgment on a basis of the target level, the initial control value, the predetermined level, and the control value corresponding to the predetermined level and to shift the average level toward a saturation level of the light receiving device.
13. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising:
a belt as the carrier and the object; and
a drive mechanism configured to rotate the belt,
wherein the evaluator obtains the light reception signal the plurality of times during rotation of the belt.
14. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a carrier;
an object different from the carrier;
a forming device configured to form a mark on the carrier;
a sensor including a light emitting device and a light receiving device, the light emitting device being configured to emit light toward at least one of the carrier and the object, and the light receiving device being configured to receive light reflected from at least one of the carrier and the object and output a light reception signal corresponding to a quantity of the received light;
a changer configured to change a sensor sensitivity of the sensor by changing at least one of a quantity of light emitted by the light emitting device and a sensitivity of the light receiving device;
a processing unit; and
memory storing machine readable instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to function as
a determiner configured to determine a position of the mark on a basis of the light reception signal at a time when the light emitting device emits light to the carrier;
an evaluator configured to obtain the light reception signal at a time when the light emitting device emits light to the object a plurality of times and configured to evaluate a degree of closeness between an average level of the light reception signal obtained a plurality of times and a target level; and
a controller configured to control the changer to change the sensor sensitivity of the sensor according to a result of the evaluation of the evaluator,

wherein a first ratio is a ratio of a number to the plurality of times, the number being a number of times where either one of a plurality of conditions is met, the plurality of conditions including a condition where the light reception signal is at the target level, a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or lower than the target level, and a condition where the light reception signal is equal to or higher than the target level, and
wherein the evaluator evaluates the degree of closeness on a basis of a judgment whether the first ratio is within a reference range.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method, comprising:
recording data from a videogame on an electronic device; and
inserting one or more portions of the recorded data into a narrative data structure, wherein the narrative data structure comprises a plurality of pregenerated text.
2. The method of claim 1, comprises selecting one or more of the plurality of pregenerated text based on one or more portions of the recorded data.
3. The method of claim 1, comprising generating a book, an e-book, or a combination thereof from the narrative data structure.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the recorded data comprises dialogue from the videogame.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the recorded data comprises results of a user’s interaction with the videogame.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the recorded data comprises information of one or more characters of the videogame.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the recorded data comprises screenshots of the videogame.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein inserting one or more portions of the recorded data comprises converting one or more portions of the recorded data into natural-language text.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the narrative data structure comprises a plurality of placeholders, wherein one more portions of the recorded data are inserted into one or more of the plurality of placeholders.
10. A method, comprising:
receiving data at a server from an electronic device over a network coupled to the electronic device, wherein the data comprises data recorded from a videogame;
converting the recorded data to natural-language text; and
generating a narrative data structure from the natural-language text.
11. The method of claim 10, comprising inserting pregenerated text into the narrative data structure.
12. The method of claim 10, comprising printing a book from the narrative data structure.
13. The method of claim 10, comprising generating an e-book from the narrative data structure on the server.
14. The method of claim 10, comprising sending an e-book based on the narrative data structure to the electronic device over the network.
15. The method of claim 10, comprising sending the e-book to a user of the electronic device.
16. A system, comprising:
an electronic device configured to record dialogue, character information, a user’s performance, screenshots, or a combination thereof, from a videogame, wherein the electronic device is further configured to combine the dialogue, character information, a user’s performance, screenshots with pregenerated text to create narrative data describing one or more gameplay sessions of a user of the videogame.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the electronic device comprises a mobile phone, a videogame console, or a personal computer.
18. The system of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is configured to generate an e-book based on the narrative data.
19. The system of claim 18, wherein the electronic device is configured to send the e-book to a user.
20. The system of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is configured to send the narrative data to a server over a network coupled to the electronic device.
21. The system of claim 16, comprising a server configured to print a book based on the narrative data.
22. The system of claim 16, comprising an e-book, book, or comic book generated from the narrative data.
23. A method, comprising:
recording dialogue, character information, screenshots, and a user’s performance from a videogame, wherein the dialogue, character information, screenshots, and user’s performance are based on a user’s interaction with the videogame;
generating narrative data based on the recorded dialogue, character information, screenshots, and the user’s performance; and
generating an e-book from the narrative data.
24. The method of claim 23, comprising: sending the recorded character information, screenshots, and the user’s performance over a network to a server at a remote location.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein generating narrative data comprising converting the recorded dialogue, character information, and the user’s performance to natural language text.