All The Claims

1. A mat comprising:
a first principal face;
a second principal face opposite to the first principal face;
entangled points provided by entangling inorganic fibers with one another; and
unentangled portions provided from the first principal face to the second principal face, the inorganic fibers being not entangled with one another and being arranged substantially parallel to one another in said unentangled portions.
2. The mat according to claim 1,
wherein at least one of said unentangled portions is provided by penetrating barbless needles to a first sheet which is to be the mat from a first principal face side to a second principal face side or from the second principal face side to the first principal face side.
3. The mat according to claim 1,
wherein said unentangled portions have a formation density of about 0.5 pcscm2 to about 25 pcscm2.
4. The mat according to claim 3,
wherein said unentangled portions have a formation density of about 1 pcscm2 to about 20 pcscm2.
5. The mat according to claim 1, further comprising:
entangled portions provided from said first principal face to said second principal face,
wherein inorganic fibers forming said entangled portions are closely entangled with one another as compared with inorganic fibers forming a portion other than the entangled portions.
6. The mat according to claim 5,
wherein said entangled portions comprise
a first entangled portion which is provided using the inorganic fibers closely entangled with one another while the first entangled portion is oriented from a first principal face side of the mat to a second principal face side, and
a second entangled portion which is provided using the inorganic fibers closely entangled with one another while the second entangled portion is oriented from the second principal face side of the mat to the first principal face side.
7. The mat according to claim 5,
wherein said entangled portions have a formation density of about 0.5 pcscm2 to about 30 pcscm2.
8. The mat according to claim 5,
wherein said unentangled portions and said entangled portions are alternately formed at different positions at least partially.
9. The mat according to claim 1,
wherein said inorganic fibers comprise at least one of an alumina fiber, an alumina-silica fiber, a silica fiber, a soluble fiber, and a glass fiber.
10. The mat according to claim 9,
wherein a composition ratio of the alumina-silica fiber is Al2O3:SiO2 of (about 60:about 40) to (about 80:about 20) in an weight ratio.
11. The mat according to claim 1, further comprising:
an organic binder.
12. The mat according to claim 1, further comprising;
an expansive agent.
13. A method for manufacturing a mat, comprising:
providing entangled points by entangling inorganic fibers with one another; and
penetrating barbless needles to a first sheet including the entangled points from at least a first principal face side of the first sheet to a second principal face side.
14. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
penetrating barb needles to a precursor sheet including the entangled points from at least a first principal face side of the precursor sheet to a second principal face side to manufacture a needling precursor sheet; and
firing said needling precursor sheet to manufacture said first sheet.
15. The method according to claim 14,
wherein said barb needles are penetrated to said precursor sheet from the second principal face side of said precursor sheet to the first principal face side.
16. The method according to claim 13, comprising:
manufacturing a barbless needling sheet through said penetrating step; and
penetrating barb needles to said barbless needling sheet from at least a first principal face side of said barbless needling sheet to a second principal face side.
17. The method according to claim 16,
wherein said barb needles are penetrated to said barbless needling sheet from the second principal face side of said barbless needling sheet to the first principal face side.
18. The method according to claim 14,
wherein a first position where each of said barbless needles penetrates and a second position where each of said barb needles penetrates are alternated and differ from each other at least partially.
19. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
impregnating a mat with an organic binder solution to manufacture an impregnated mat; and
drying said impregnated mat.
20. The method according to claim 13, further comprising:
producing a second sheet from slurry containing inorganic fibers by a sheet-forming process,
wherein said second sheet is used as said first sheet.
21. An apparatus for purifying exhaust gas comprising:
an exhaust gas treating body;
a casing housing said exhaust gas treating body; and
a holding sealing material placed between said exhaust gas treating body and said casing,
wherein said holding sealing material uses the mat according to claim 1.
22. An apparatus for purifying exhaust gas comprising:
an exhaust gas treating body;
a casing housing said exhaust gas treating body; and
a holding sealing material which is placed between said exhaust gas treating body and said casing and which holds said exhaust gas treating body,
wherein said holding sealing materials uses the mat manufactured by the method according to claim 13.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A mounting pin formed at a pin position on a mounting target and adopted to set the mounting target in a mounted state through pin connection, comprising:
a leg standing upright at the pin position; and
a locking projection formed at a distal end of said leg to project in one direction and capable of locking with a locking projection of another mounting pin through pin connection,
wherein the mounting pins corresponding to each other are set in a pin-connected state by said locking projections when the mounting target is mounted.
2. A pin according to claim 1, wherein said locking projections lock with each other by urging opposing surfaces thereof against each other.
3. A pin according to claim 1, wherein in the pin-connected state, said locking projections are pushed out in directions opposite to projecting directions thereof, thus generating a force that tries to restore said locking projections to initial positions in a non-contact state.
4. A pin according to claim 1, wherein said locking projections that are adjacent are arranged face to face or back to back.
5. A pin according to claim 1, wherein the pin position is shifted toward a rear surface of said locking projection and positioned so that adjacent intervals become equal and minimum.
6. A pin according to claim 1, wherein
said mounting pin further comprises an electrode pad fixed to the mounting target, and
said leg stands upright at the pin position on the electrode pad.
7. A mounting device according to claim 1, comprising
a first mounting target,
a second mounting target to be mounted on said first mounting target, and
a plurality of mounting pins having legs standing upright at pin positions on said first and second mounting targets, and locking projections formed at distal ends of said legs to project in one direction and capable of locking with each other through pin connection,
wherein said mounting pins that correspond to each other are set in a pin-connected state by said locking projections when said first and second mounting targets are mounted.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the pin-connected state is canceled by unlocking said locking projections that lock with each other, thereby removing said second mounting target, which has been in a mounted state, from said first mounting target.
9. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged in one line along four sides of a rectangle of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that all meshing lines of said locking projections that lock with each other face the same direction.
10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged in one line along four sides of a rectangle of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that meshing lines of said locking projections located on adjacent sides are substantially perpendicular.
11. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged in one line along four sides of a rectangle of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that meshing lines of said locking projections that lock with each other are radial.
12. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged in one line along four sides of a rectangle of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that meshing lines of said locking projections that lock with each other draw a circle.
13. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged in a matrix on an entire rectangular surface of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that said locking projections face the same direction while reversing a facing direction for every column.
14. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged in a matrix on an entire rectangular surface of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that said locking projections face the same direction while reversing a facing direction for every row.
15. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged on an entire rectangular surface of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that meshing lines of said locking projections that lock with each other are radial.
16. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged on an entire rectangular surface of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that meshing lines of said locking projections that lock with each other intersect vertically and horizontally.
17. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said mounting pins are arranged on an entire rectangular surface of at least one of said first and second mounting targets to be separated from each other by a distance substantially corresponding to a pin width, such that meshing lines of said locking projections that lock with each other draw a plurality of concentric circles.
18. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said first mounting target comprises a circuit board and said second mounting target comprises an interposer.
19. A method of manufacturing a mounting pin, comprising the steps of:
forming an electrode pad on a circuit board and applying a photosensitive resist to cover the electrode pad by photolithography,
exposing the photosensitive resist by using a first mask so as to reach the electrode pad, and developing the photosensitive resist,
after development, exposing only a surface of the photosensitive resist by using a second mask with an opening diameter larger than that of the first mask, and developing the exposed surface, thereby forming a hole having two opening diameters, with a diameter of a surface portion thereof being extended in one direction, and
subjecting the hole to electroplating so as to deposit a metal component, and thereafter plating a surface from which the photosensitive resist has been removed, thereby forming a pin main body made of the metal component on the electrode pad.

1. A device comprising an electroluminescent copolymer comprising a light-emitting repeat unit in a polymer backbone wherein the repeat unit is conjugatively separate from the polymer backbone.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein the electroluminescent copolymer has a luminescence emission maximum between 500 nm and 580 nm.
3. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by at least one of:
a twisting unit;
meta linkages; and
non-conjugating spacers.
4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by an alkyl phenylene unit.
5. A device according to claim 4, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by:
6. A device according to claim 3, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by an ether linkage.
7. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit comprises:
wherein Ar1 is a fused aromatic or hetero aromatic ring and each Ar2 is an aromatic or hetero aromatic ring.
8. A device according to claim 7, wherein at least one of each Ar2 is a substituted aromatic or hetero aromatic ring.
9. A device according to claim 8, wherein at least one of each Ar2 is an alkyl benzene.
10. A device according to claim 7, wherein at least one of the aromatic or hetero aromatic rings Ar2 is fused.
11. A device according to claim 7, wherein at least one of the aromatic or hetero aromatic rings Ar1, Ar2 comprises a naphthalene group.
12. A device according to claim 7, wherein Ar1 comprises an anthracene group.
13. A device according to claim 7, wherein the copolymer has the form:
wherein Ar5 and Ar6 comprise optionally substituted aryl systems and PB1 and PB2 is the polymer backbone or one of PB1 and PB2 is the polymer backbone and the other is a terminating group.
14. A device according to claim 7, wherein the copolymer has the form
wherein R2 to R5 are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, alkoxy, and aryl.
15. A device according to claim 14, wherein at least one of R2, R3, R4 and R5 is an alkyl group or an at least partially substituted alkyl group.
16. A device according to claim 15, wherein the alkyl groups are C6H13 or longer alkyl groups.
17. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is present in a range of from above 0 wt % to 10 wt %.
18. A full color organic light-emitting (OLED) display comprising a green emitting device according to claim 1.
19. A white light emitting device comprising a device as claimed in claim 1.
20. A method of fabricating a monomer for inclusion as an emitting region of a copolymer, in which the emitting region is conjugatively separate from the polymeric backbone, the method comprising the steps of the following synthesis:
where each R6 is an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group.
21. A device according to claim 1 wherein the electroluminescent copolymer has a luminescence emission maximum between 510 nm and 560 nm.
22. A device according to claim 3, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by a 1,4 alkylphenylene unit.
23. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is present in a range of from 1 wt % to 9 wt %.
24. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is present in a range of from 2 wt % to 5 wt %.
25. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by meta linkages.
26. A device according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting repeat unit is conjugatively separated from the polymer backbone by non-conjugating spacers.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A wide angle projection lens, comprising a Gnp lens group having positive refractive power and a Gf lens group having positive refractive power in the order from a large conjugate side toward a small conjugate side, said Gnp lens group comprising a Gn lens group having negative refractive power and a Gp lens group having positive refractive power in the order from a large conjugate side toward a small conjugate side, and said wide angle projection lens satisfying relations of the following expressions (1), (2), (3) and (4);
1.8<fnf<1.1(1) 3.2<fpf<5.5(2) 1.2<Dnpf<2.4(3) 2.8<fffnp<4.4(4)
where
f: focal length of the whole lens system
fn: focal length of said Gn lens group
fp: focal length of said Gp lens group
Dnp: air spacing between said Gn lens group and said Gp lens group
fnp: focal length of said Gnp lens group
ff: focal length of said Of lens group.
2. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (5);
3.0<BFLnpfnp<4.5(5)
where
fnp: focal length of said Gnp lens group
BFLnp: back focal length of said Gnp lens group.
3. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (6);
EXPnpfnp<2.0(6)
where
fnp: focal length of said Gnp lens group
EXPnp: absolute value of pupil distance on said small conjugate side of said Gnp lens group viewed from the last surface on said small conjugate side.
4. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (7);
0.6<Dpfff<1.2(7)
where
ff: focal length of said Gf lens group
Dpf: air spacing between said Gp lens group and said Gf lens group.
5. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, satisfying a relation of the following expression (8);
0.75<(DpfEXPnp)ff<1.5(8)
where
ff: focal length of said Gf lens group
Dpf: air spacing between said Gp lens group and said Gf lens group
EXPnp: pupil distance on said small conjugate side of said Gnp lens group viewed from the last surface on said small conjugate side.
6. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, wherein
said Gn lens group comprises a Gn1 lens group having negative refractive power and a Gn2 lens group having negative refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side, and said Gp lens group comprises a Gp1 lens group having positive refractive power and a Gp2 lens group having positive refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side.
7. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 6, wherein
said Gn1 lens group comprises a first lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having negative refractive power; a second lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having negative refractive power; a third lens which is a biconvex lens having positive refractive power; a fourth lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having negative refractive power; and a fifth lens which is a biconcave lens having negative refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side,
said Gn2 lens group comprises a sixth lens which is a biconvex lens having positive refractive power; and a seventh lens with a concave surface on said small conjugate side, having negative refractive power in the order from said large conjugate side toward said small conjugate side, and
said Gp1 lens group comprises an eighth lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side, having positive refractive power; a ninth lens which is a meniscus lens with a convex surface on said small conjugate side, having positive refractive power; a tenth lens which is a biconcave lens having negative refractive power; and an eleventh lens which is a biconvex lens having positive refractive power and connected to said tenth lens.
8. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 6, wherein
said Gp2 lens group includes at least one aspheric surface.
9. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 6, wherein
said Gp2 lens group includes stop means.
10. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, wherein
said Gf lens group is made of a plano-convex lens with a convex surface on said large conjugate side.
11. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 1, wherein
said Gf lens group includes an aspheric surface.
12. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 7, satisfying relations of the following expressions (9), (10), (11), (12), (13) and (14);
1<41(9) 3<31(10) 5<32(11) n1>1.54(12) n3>1.65(13) n5>1.65(14)
where
1: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said first lens
3: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said second lens
5: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said third lens
n1: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said first lens
n3: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said second lens
n5: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said third lens.
13. The wide angle projection lens according to claim 7, satisfying relations of the following expressions (15), (16), (17), (18), (19) and (20);
15<35(15) 19<33(16) 20>50(17) n15>1.60(18) n19>1.65(19) n20<1.70(20)
where
15: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said eighth lens
19: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said tenth lens
20: Abbe number in d line of vitreous material making up said eleventh lens
n15: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said eighth lens
n19: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said tenth lens
n20: refractive index in d line of vitreous material making up said eleventh lens.
14. A projection display device comprising:
a light source;
a reflection light valve having an image display surface;
illumination optical means leading an outgoing luminous flux from said light source to said reflection light valve; and
said wide angle projection lens as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, enlargedly projecting a modulated luminous flux which is two-dimensionally modulated through reflection by said reflection light valve.
15. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
a lens closest to said reflection light valve among optical elements constituting said illumination optical means is a plano-convex lens,
said plano-convex lens is disposed proximately to said image display surface of said reflection light valve, with its plane surface facing the same, and
said plano-convex lens is also used as a Gf lens group closest to a small conjugate side among groups of lenses constituting said wide angle projection lens.
16. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
the intersection of said image display surface of said reflection light valve and an optical axis of said wide angle projection lens does not coincide with a center point of said image display surface.
17. The projection display device according to claim 15, wherein
said optical axis of said wide angle projection lens is parallel to a normal of said image display surface of said reflection light valve and an optical axis of lenses other than said plano-convex lens in said illumination optical means is tilted with respect to said normal of said image display surface of said reflection light valve.
18. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
said reflection light valve is a liquid crystal light valve.
19. The projection display device according to claim 14, wherein
said reflection light valve is made of a mirror array including a plurality of tiltable unit mirrors.