All The Claims

1. An insulation product comprising:
a low density mat containing randomly oriented inorganic fibers bonded by a heat cured binder, said mat having first and second major surfaces and a pair of side portions; and
a nonwoven sheet bonded to said first major surface, said nonwoven sheet comprising randomly oriented glass fibers, said nonwoven sheet bonded to said first major surface by said heat cured binder.
2. The insulation product of claim 1 wherein said mat contains rotary glass fibers, textile glass fibers or a combination thereof.
3. The insulation product of claim 1 wherein said nonwoven layer is porous to water vapor and air evacuated when said insulation product is compressed.
4. The insulation product of claim 1 wherein said mat comprises an insulation batt having a cellulosic or polymeric facing disposed on said second major surface.
5. The insulation product of claim 4, wherein said facing comprises kraft paper coated with a bituminous material.
6. The insulation product of claim 1, wherein said insulation mat comprises an increased amount of heat cured binder agent applied to said randomly oriented glass fibers disposed proximate to said first major surface
7. The insulation product of claim 1, wherein said low density mat has a density of less than about 2 pounds per cubic foot and a thickness of greater than about 2 inches.
8. The insulation product of claim 1, wherein said low density mat has a density of less than about 1.5 pounds per cubit foot and a thickness of greater than about 3.5 inches.
9. The insulation product of claim 1, wherein said low density mat further includes a nonwoven sheet comprising randomly oriented glass fibers bonded to at least one of said second major surface and a side portion from said pair of side portions.
10. An insulation product comprising:
a low density mat containing randomly oriented glass fibers bonded by a heat cured binder, said mat having first and second major surfaces and a pair of side portions, said mat being heated to cure said binder at a temperature between about 300-600\xb0 F.; and
a nonwoven sheet bonded to said first major surface, said nonwoven sheet comprising randomly oriented fibers having a melting temperature above about said curing temperature, said nonwoven sheet being applied to said mat before said binder is cured and bonded to said first major surface by said heat cured binder.
11. The insulation product of claim 10, wherein said randomly oriented fibers of said nonwoven sheet comprise glass fibers.
12. The insulation product of claim 10 wherein said mat contains rotary glass fibers, textile glass fibers or a combination thereof.
13. The insulation product of claim 10 wherein said nonwoven layer is porous to water vapor and air evacuated when said insulation product is compressed.
14. The insulation product of claim 10 wherein said mat comprises an insulation batt having a cellulosic or polymeric facing disposed on said second major surface.
15. The insulation product of claim 14, wherein said facing comprises kraft paper coated with a bituminous material.
16. The insulation product of claim 10, wherein said low density mat has a density of less than about 2 pounds per cubic foot and a thickness of greater than about 2 inches.
17. The insulation product of claim 10, wherein said low density mat is heated to cure said binder for a period of at least 20 seconds.
18. The insulation product of claim 10, wherein said low density mat is cured at a temperature between about 400-560\xb0 F.
19. The insulation product of claim 10, wherein said low density mat is cured at a temperature between about 450-525\xb0 F.
20. An insulation product comprising:
a low density mat containing randomly oriented glass fibers bonded by a heat cured binder, said mat having first and second major surfaces and a pair of side portions; and
a nonwoven sheet bonded to said first major surface, said nonwoven sheet comprising first randomly oriented fibers and second randomly oriented fibers, said first randomly oriented fibers having a melting point above a temperature used in curing said mat and said second randomly oriented fibers having a melting point below said temperature used in curing said mat, said nonwoven sheet bonded to said first major surface at least in part by a melt bond between said second randomly oriented fibers and said randomly oriented glass fibers in said low density mat.
21. The insulation product of claim 20, wherein said first fibers of said nonwoven sheet comprise glass fibers.
22. The insulation product of claim 21, wherein said second fibers of said nonwoven sheet comprise polymeric fibers.
23. The insulation product of claim 20, wherein said nonwoven sheet comprises a laminate, said laminate comprising a first layer including said first randomly oriented fibers and a second layer including said second randomly oriented fibers.
24. The insulation product of claim 23, wherein said first fibers of said nonwoven sheet comprise glass fibers.
25. The insulation product of claim 24, wherein said second fibers of said nonwoven sheet comprise polymeric fibers.
26. The insulation product of claim 23, wherein at least some of said second randomly oriented fibers are melt bonded to said first layer.
27. The insulation product of claim 20, wherein said low density mat has a density of less than about 2 pounds per cubic foot and a thickness of greater than about 2 inches.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An apparatus comprising:
a lead wire assembly, each lead wire having a transducer capable of receiving an ECG signal from a patient;
a portable ECG device including:
a portable, ECG monitor adapted to be connected to the lead wire assembly, the ECG monitor having a data link port and a processor to process the ECG signals from the lead wire assembly and produce standard 12-lead ECG data representative of cardiac condition of the patient; and
a wireless communication interface integrated with the ECG monitor to receive patient ECG data from the ECG monitor and transmit patient ECO data to a remote health care provider;
an information management system connectable to the data link port of the ECG monitor to maintain ECO monitoring during patient transport to a health care facility, the information management system having data storage to maintain an ECG history that is downloadable at the health care facility; and
wherein the processor of the portable ECG device is programmed to prompt the patient if assistance is needed to acquire an ECG, and if so, open a data transmission link to the health care provider otherwise, receive and process the ECG signals, then open a data transmission link and transmit the ECG data to the health care provider.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the wireless communication interface is a wireless phone capable of allowing audio and ECO data transmission concurrently.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the wireless communication interface is an interactive Internet TV appliance capable of allowing voice, video, and ECG data transmission concurrently.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the processor is further programmed to:
allow selection of a desired transmission mode; and
allow concurrent transmission of ECG data in addition to at least audio communication data.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the processor is further programmed to include bi-directional video and audio transmission with the transmission of ECG data.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an interactive Internet appliance that is connectable to a video and audio monitor to receive ECG data from the wireless communication interface and to transmit the ECG data to the health care provider; and
a video camera and a microphone connected to the interactive Internet appliance to transmit video and audio data from the patient to the health care provider.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the apparatus is adapted to transmit the ECG data and the audio and video data to the health care provider through an interconnected global computer system.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the apparatus is adapted to transmit the ECG data and the audio and video data to the health care provider at least partially through an electromagnetic transmission wave.
9. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the wireless communication interface includes an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver to communicate with the interactive Internet appliance, and wherein the processor is further programmed to cause the infrared receiver to receive data instructions from the health care provider through the interactive Internet appliance.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the information management system includes a processor integral with the information management system.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the apparatus operates on demand from the patient.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the information management system is capable of broadcasting ECG data to the health care facility as the patient is in transit.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a GPS system connected to the wireless communication interface and wherein the processor is programmed to receive a signal from the health care provider to enable the GPS system.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the information management system is operable with the processor of the ECG monitor.

What is claimed is:

1. A computer-readable storage medium on which is recorded a program for causing a computer, which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, to execute a process, the process comprising:
generating a model where a conductor is divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the conductor, which are set so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
2. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein
the computer generates a model where the intervals of the plurality of faces vary according to a depth of a skin.
3. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, the process further comprising
calculating a skin resistance coefficient of the conductor by using the generated model, and outputting an obtained skin resistance coefficient.
4. A computer-readable storage medium on which is recorded a program for causing a computer, which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, to execute a process, the process comprising:
calculating a depth of a skin by using the frequency;
generating a model where a depth from a surface of a conductor is represented by a product of the depth of the skin and a division rate, a signal conductor is vertically and horizontally divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the signal conductor, which are set with a plurality of division rates so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface of the conductor and larger as the faces are farther from the surface, a ground conductor is vertically divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the ground conductor, which are set by using the plurality of division rates, and the ground conductor is horizontally divided by a plurality of faces which are set based on a distance between the signal conductor and the ground conductor;
calculating resistance of the signal conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
5. A propagation signal propagating a program to a computer which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, the program causing the computer to perform:
generating a model where a conductor is divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the conductor, which are set so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
6. A propagation signal propagating a program to a computer which obtains resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, the program causing the computer to perform:
calculating a depth of a skin by using the frequency;
generating a model where a depth from a surface of a conductor is represented by a product of the depth of the skin and a division rate, a signal conductor is vertically and horizontally divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the signal conductor, which are set with a plurality of division rates so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface of the conductor and larger as the faces are farther from the surface, a ground conductor is vertically divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of the ground conductor, which are set by using the plurality of division rates, and the ground conductor is horizontally divided by a plurality of faces which are set based on a distance between the signal conductor and the ground conductor;
calculating resistance of the signal conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
outputting a calculation result.
7. A calculation method obtaining resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, comprising:
setting a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of a conductor so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
generating a model where the conductor is divided by the plurality of faces; and
calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model.
8. A processing device obtaining resistance of a conductor in consideration of a skin effect according to a frequency of a given signal, comprising:
a generating device generating a model where a conductor is divided by a plurality of faces parallel to a surface of a conductor, which are set so that intervals of the faces are smaller as the faces are nearer to the surface, and larger as the faces are farther from the surface;
a calculating device calculating resistance of the conductor, which corresponds to the frequency, by using a generated model; and
an outputting device outputting a calculation result.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system for storing a target file and protecting the target file from data damage comprising:
a) a processor configured to retrieve and execute program code of a wrapper application, the program code including:
i) code for intercepting at least one file command issued by another application, said at least one file command being operative to affect the target file, and said wrapper application being independent of said other application;
ii) code for saving update information pertaining to said at least one file command, and
iii) code for updating the target file according to said update information;

b) a first memory space for storing the target file, and
c) a second memory space for storing said update information.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said first memory space resides in a nonvolatile memory of a data processing device.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said second memory space resides in at least one memory selected from the list consisting of said nonvolatile memory of said data processing device, a separate nonvolatile memory of said data processing device, and a volatile memory of said data processing device.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein said first memory space resides in a nonvolatile memory of a portable data storage device.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein said second memory space resides in at least one memory selected from the list consisting of said nonvolatile memory of said portable data storage device, a memory of a data processing device, and a volatile memory of said portable data storage device.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said update information includes only data pertaining to said at least one file command.
7. The system of claim 1, further comprising
e) a third memory space for storing a temporary file, and
wherein said wrapper application further includes
iv) code for copying at least part of the target file into said temporary file;
v) code for applying said update information to said temporary file, and
vi) code for replacing said at least part of the target file with said temporary file.
8. A computer readable storage medium having computer readable code embodied thereon, the computer readable code being for protecting a target file from data damage, the computer readable code comprising:
a) program code for intercepting at least one file command issued by an application, said at least one file command operative to affect the target file, said program code being independent of said application;
b) program code for saving update information pertaining to said at least one file command without modifying the target file, and
c) program code for updating the target file with said update information.
9. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein said program code for intercepting and said program code for saving make said intercepting and said saving contingent upon at least one condition selected from the group consisting of said application being one of a plurality of included applications, said application being other than an excluded application, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file other than a temporary file, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file belonging to an included file type, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file not belonging to an excluded file type and said at least one file command being operative to affect a file stored in an included storage device.
10. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein said at least one file command includes every write command operative to affect the target file after said code for saving is executed and until said code for updating is executed.
11. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, further comprising:
d) code for detecting a termination event and for performing said updating of the target file upon detection of said termination event.
12. The computer readable storage medium of claim 11, wherein said termination event includes at least one event selected from the group consisting of an issuing of a command to close the target file, a closing down of said application, an occurrence of a condition dependent on a statistic related to a plurality of file commands, and an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since a previous updating of the target file.
13. The computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the computer readable code further comprises:
d) program code for copying at least part of the target file into a temporary file, and
e) program code for applying said update information to said temporary file upon occurrence of a merge event.
14. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein said merge event includes at least one event selected from the group consisting of:
i) an issuing of a command to close the target file,
ii) a closing down of an application that accessed the target file,
iii) an occurrence of a condition dependent on a statistic related to a plurality of file
commands,
iv) an exceeding of a size of a delta file containing said update information beyond a maximum size threshold,
v) a passing of level of activity of an operating system under a minimum activity threshold,
vi) a closing down of said application,
vii) an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since a previous merge event, and
viii) an interception of a command to read the target file and wherein execution of said code for applying precedes returning read results data in response to said command to read.
15. The computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the computer readable code further comprises:
f) program code for detecting a termination event, and
g) program code for deleting at least one file selected from the group consisting the target file, said temporary file and a delta file containing said update information upon detection of said termination event, said deleting being subsequent to said applying and updating.
16. A method of employing a wrapper program to protect a target file from data damage, the method comprising:
a) intercepting by the wrapper program of at least one file command issued by an application, said at least one file command operative to affect the target file, said intercepting step being transparent to said application;
b) saving update information pertaining to said at least one file command without altering the target file, and
c) updating the target file with said update information.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein said at least one file command includes every write command operative to affect the target file and issued by said application between a start of said saving and an end of said updating.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein said updating step includes:
i) copying at least part of the target file into a temporary file;
ii) applying said update information to said temporary file, and
iii) replacing said at least part of the target file with at least part of said temporary file.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
d) deleting a delta file containing said update information subsequent to said applying step.
20. The method of claim 16, wherein said updating step is performed upon occurrence of at least one termination event selected from the group consisting of:
i) an issuing of a command to close the target file,
ii) a closing down of said application,
iii) a closing down of an application that accessed the target file,
iv) an occurrence of a condition dependent on a statistic related to a plurality of file commands,
v) a passing of level of activity of an operating system under a minimum activity threshold,
vi) an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since an issuing of said at least one file command, and
vii) an exceeding of a maximum time threshold since a previous merge event.
21. The method of claim 16, wherein said intercepting step and said saving step are contingent on at least one condition selected from the group consisting of said application being one of a plurality of included applications, said application being other than an excluded application, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file other than a temporary file, said at least one file command being operative to affect an included file type, said at least one file command being operative to affect a file other than an excluded file type and said at least one file command being operative to effect a file stored in an included storage device.
22. A system for reading data from a protected target file comprising:
a) a processor configured to retrieve and execute program code of a wrapper application, the program code including:
i) code for intercepting at least one file command issued by an application independent of said wrapper application, said at least one file command operative to access the protected target file;
ii) code for reading update information pertaining to said at least one file command, and

b) a first memory space for storing the protected target file, and
c) a second memory space for storing said update information.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein said wrapper application further includes:
iii) code for merging data from said protected target file with said update information into a temporary file.
24. A method of employing a wrapper program to read a protected target file comprising:
a) intercepting by the wrapper program of at least one file command issued by an application, said at least one file command being operative to access the protected target file, said intercepting step being transparent to said application;
b) reading update information pertaining to said at least one file command stored in a delta file, said delta file being separate from the protected target file, and
c) merging data from the target file with said update information,
d) returning a result of said merging as a response to said at least one file command.