All The Claims

1. A method for transporting data in a Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)Internet Protocol (IP) network, comprising the steps of:
receiving un-encapsulated data at an input to a first pseudo-wire (PW) function that is coupled, via a first edge router, with the MPLSIP network wherein the PW function is adapted for performing a PW encapsulation of the received un-encapsulated data;
adding a Destination Router Label (DRL) to the PW encapsulated data, wherein the DRL is mapped to the network address of a second edge router;
responsive to contents of the DRL, the first edge router removing the DRL and adding a Packet Switched Network (PSN) tunnel label identifying a PSN tunnel connected with the second edge router; and
sending the PSN labeled, PW encapsulated data to the second edge router via the identified PSN tunnel connected with the second edge router through the MPLSIP network.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving the PSN labeled, PW encapsulated data at the second edge router and removing the PSN tunnel label.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
forwarding the PW encapsulated data to a receiving PW function and
de-capsulating the PW encapsulated data and forwarding the de-capsulated data to a receiving destination.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
responsive to the contents of the PW label, de-capsulating the PW encapsulated data as an output of the second pseudo-wire (PW) function, wherein the PW encapsulated data has been forwarded via the PSN tunnel to a receiving PE router through the MPLSIP network.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of receiving data at a first PW function via a first edge router, further comprises:
sending the PW encapsulated data to the first edge router, wherein the first edge router establishes and manages Packet Switched Network (PSN) tunnels over which the PW encapsulated data is passed.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of sending the PW encapsulated data to the second edge router further comprises the second edge router
receiving the PW encapsulated data with the attached PSN tunnel label and
removing the PSN tunnel label.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the data comprises one or more of Frame Relay, Ethernet, ATM, TDM and PPP.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of data packets comprises an IP header that includes the IP address of the destination router.
9. An arrangement for transporting data in a Multi-protocol Label Switching (MPLS)Internet Protocol (IP) network, comprising:
a pseudo-wire (PW) function for receiving un-encapsulated data, wherein the PW function is coupled, via a first edge router, with the MPLSIP network and the PW function is adapted to perform a PW encapsulation of the received un-encapsulated data;
a Destination Router Label (DRL) to be added to the PW encapsulated data wherein the DRL corresponds to the network address of a second edge router;
the first edge router being adapted to remove the DRL and add a PSN tunnel label that identifies a PSN tunnel connected to the second edge router, wherein the first edge router is coupled with one or more PSN tunnels terminating at the second edge router; and
means for sending the PSN tunnel labeled, PW encapsulated data to the second edge router through the MPLSIP network via the identified PSN tunnel;
10. The arrangement of claim 9, further comprising:
the second edge router being adapted for receiving the PSN tunnel labeled, PSN encapsulated data and stripping the PSN tunnel label.
11. The arrangement of claim 9, further comprising:
means in the second router for forwarding the PW encapsulated data to an associated second PW function.
12. The arrangement of claim 9, further comprising:
means for receiving and removing the PW encapsulation at the associated second PW function.
13. The arrangement of claim 9, further comprising:
means for decapsulating the PW encapsulated data and sending the un-encapsulated data as an output of the second pseudo-wire (PW) function, to a receiving destination.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A wellhead having an external sealing apparatus for clamping a wearbushing within a tubing member of larger internal diameter, the arrangement comprising
a. a wearbushing having a first diameter with a sealing zone defined thereon;
b. an inner tubing member releasably secured to the wearbushing;
c. an outer tubing member having an inner circumferential wall with a sealing zone therein, wherein the wearbushing is positioned substantially concentrically within the outer tubing member having an outer circumferential wall with a sealing zone therein; and
d. a compression system mounted outwardly of the outer tubing member adjacent the sealing zones and operable for compressing the outer tubing member into circumferential contact with the wearbushing for engaging the sealing zones thereof, wherein the sealing zone is a metal sealing surface on said wearbushing and said outer tubing member for defining a circumferential metal-to-metal seal when the compressions system is activated.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer tubing member is the wellhead housing.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a inner tubing hanger, wherein said inner tubing hanger is releasably secured to the wearbushing and said inner tubing member is secured to the inner tubing member.
4. A wellhead system having an external sealing apparatus for clamping a wearbushing within an tubing member, the arrangement comprising:
a. an outer tubing member having an internal diameter and defined by an inner circumferential wall with a sealing zone defined thereon;
b. a first tubing hanger secured within the outer tubing member;
c. a first tubing member attached to said first tubing hanger and concentrically disposed within said outer tubing member;
d. a wearbushing having a wearbushing outer diameter less than the internal diameter of the outer tubing member, wherein the wearbushing has a sealing zone defined thereon;
e. a second tubing member releasably secured to the wearbushing;
f. wherein the wearbushing is positioned substantially concentrically within the outer tubing member so that the sealing zone of the outer tubing member and the wearbushing are adjacent one another; and
g. a compression system mounted outwardly of the outer tubing member and adjacent the sealing zones and operable for compressing the outer tubing member into circumferential contact with the wearbushing for engaging the sealing zones thereof, wherein the sealing zone is a metal sealing surface on said wearbushing and said outer tubing member for defining a circumferential metal-to-metal seal when the compressions system is activated.
5. A method for installing casing hangers within a wellbore, said method comprising the steps of
a. Attaching a wearbushing to a first casing hanger;
b. Positioning the casing hanger in a wellhead disposed at the top of a wellbore;
c. Activating a gripping mechanism disposed externally of said wellhead to cause a portion of the wellhead to compress and grip the wearbushing;
d. Conducting drilling related activities in the wellbore; and
e. Activating the gripping mechanism to release the wearbushing.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step of removing the wearbushing from the first casing hanger.
7. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
a. Attaching a wearbushing to a second casing hanger;
b. Positioning the second casing hanger in a wellhead disposed at the top of a wellbore;
c. Activating the gripping mechanism to cause a portion of the wellhead to compress and grip the wearbushing attached to the second casing hanger;
d. Conducting drilling related activities in the wellbore; and
e. Activating the gripping mechanism to release the wearbushing attached to the second casing hanger.

1-20. (canceled)
21. A vector comprising a first promoter which can be operably linked to a gene encoding a heterologous protein, wherein the first promoter is capable of inducing expression of the heterologous protein in the presence of one or more nucleotides with or without a phosphate group and wherein the first promoter includes a xapA promoter comprising a ribosomal binding site having a sequence of AGGAGG xxxxx, AGGAGG xxxxxx, AGGAGA xxxxx, or AGGAGA xxxxxx.
22. The vector of claim 21, wherein the vector is a plasmid or a bacteriophage.
23. The vector of claim 21, wherein the vector is an inducible expression vector.
24. The vector of claim 21, wherein the first promoter is capable of inducing expression of the heterologous protein in the presence of xanthosine.
25. The vector of claim 21, wherein the vector further comprises a regulatory element which is capable of regulating the expression induced by the first promoter.
26. The vector of claim 25, wherein the regulatory element is a nucleic acid sequence.
27. The vector of claim 25, wherein the regulatory element contains a nucleic acid sequence from a xapR gene.
28. The vector of claim 25, wherein a second promoter is operably linked to the regulatory element.
29. The vector of claim 28, wherein the second promoter is an inducible or a constitutive promoter.
30. The vector of claim 28, wherein the second promoter contains a nucleic acid sequence from a xapR promoter.
31. The vector of claim 21, wherein the vector further comprises a gene encoding a heterologous protein, wherein the gene is operably linked to the first promoter.
32. The vector of claim 31, wherein the heterologous protein is a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, enzyme or antigen.
33. An expression vector comprising an isolated nucleic acid, wherein the isolated nucleic acid comprises a regulatory xapR gene from the xanthosine operon together with a promoter from a xapA gene.
34. A xapA promoter sequence comprising a ribosomal binding site having a sequence of AGGAGG xxxxx, AGGAGG xxxxxx, AGGAGA xxxxx, or AGGAGA xxxxxx.
35. A host cell comprising the vector of claim 21.
36. A host cell comprising the vector of claim 33.
37. A host cell comprising the promoter sequence of claim 34.
38. A method for the expression of a heterologous protein comprising culturing a host cell of claim 35 under a condition which induces the expression of the heterologous protein.
39. A method for the expression of a heterologous protein comprising culturing a host cell of claim 36 under a condition which induces the expression of the heterologous protein.
40. A method for the expression of a heterologous protein comprising culturing a host cell of claim 37 under a condition which induces the expression of the heterologous protein.
41. The method of claim 38 further comprising purification of the heterologous protein.
42. The method of claim 39 further comprising purification of the heterologous protein.
43. The method of claim 40 further comprising purification of the heterologous protein.
44. The method of claim 38, wherein the heterologous protein is a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, enzyme or antigen.
45. The method of claim 39, wherein the heterologous protein is a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, enzyme or antigen.
46. The method of claim 40, wherein the heterologous protein is a cytokine, chemokine, hormone, enzyme or antigen.
47. A protein produced by the method of claim 38.
48. A protein produced by the method of claim 39.
49. A protein produced by the method of claim 40.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A ferroelectric element manufacturing method comprising:
forming a buffer layer, which also functions as a sacrificial layer, on a single crystal substrate;
forming a ferroelectric element on the buffer layer;
separating the ferroelectric element and the single crystal substrate; and
arranging the ferroelectric element that was separated from the single crystal substrate on any substrates, wherein
the separating of the ferroelectric element and the single crystal substrate includes:
pasting a supportable material for supporting the ferroelectric element over a top face of the ferroelectric element; and
separating the ferroelectric element from the single crystal substrate by etching the buffer layer, after the supportable material has been pasted, and

the arranging of the ferroelectric element that was separated from the single crystal substrate on any substrates includes:
applying adhesive over a top face of any substrates and a bottom face of the ferroelectric element, and joining the separated ferroelectric element to any substrates; and
removing the supportable material that was pasted on the top face of the ferroelectric element.