All The Claims

1. A method for enhancing the cooling of a chip stack of semiconductor chips, comprising:
creating a first chip with circuitry on a first side;
creating a second chip with circuitry on a first side that is electrically and mechanically coupled to the first chip by a grid of connectors;
placing a thermal interface material pad between the first chip and the second chip, wherein the thermal interface material pad includes nanofibers aligned parallel to mating surfaces of the first chip and the second chip; and
creating a heat removal device thermally connected to the thermal interface material pad.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat removal device comprises a heat sink.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the heat sink is on one side of the chip stack.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the heat sink is on top of the chip stack.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanofibers aligned parallel to mating surfaces of the first chip and the second chip draw heat from the first chip and the second chip to the edges of the thermal interface material pad and to the heat removal device and nanofibers aligned perpendicular to mating surfaces of the first chip and the second chip creates a vertical heat transmission channel between the mating surfaces of the first chip and the second chip to the heat removal device.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the vertical heat transmission block is created by cutting into pieces a thermal interface material with nanofibers aligned along the long axis of the thermal interface material, and assembling the pieces of the thermal interface material into the thermal interface material pad.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanofibers are arranged such that two opposite sides of the thermal interface material pad conduct heat in one direction parallel with the sides of the thermal interface material pad and to the heat removal device and another two on opposite sides conduct heat in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and still parallel with the sides of the thermal interface material pad and to a second heat removal device.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first chip has etching gaps on a second side and the thermal interface material pad has etched channels and ridges that mate with the first chip, and wherein the nanofibers are aligned parallel to the etched gaps of the first chip.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the nanofibers are nanotubes.
10. A method for creating an enhanced thermal interface material pad for cooling of a semiconductor chip, comprising:
creating a first chip with circuitry on a first side;
etching gaps into the first chip on a second side;
creating the enhanced thermal interface material pad, wherein the enhanced thermal interface material pad includes nanofibers aligned parallel with each other and to mating surfaces of the first chip and enhanced thermal interface material pad;
etching channels into the enhanced thermal interface material pad mating to the gaps etched on the first chip, wherein the nanofibers are aligned parallel with gaps etched on the first chip; and
creating a heat removal device thermally connected to the enhanced thermal interface material pad.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the heat removal device comprises a heat sink.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the heat sink is on one side of the chip stack.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat sink is on top of the chip stack.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the nanofibers draw heat from the first chip to the edges of the thermal interface material pad and to the heat removal device and nanofibers aligned perpendicular to mating surfaces of the first chip creates a vertical heat transmission channel between the mating surfaces of the first chip to the heat removal device.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the vertical heat transmission block is created by cutting into pieces a thermal interface material with nanofibers aligned along the long axis of the thermal interface material, and assembling the pieces of the thermal interface material into the thermal interface material pad.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the nanofibers are arranged such that two opposite sides of the thermal interface material pad conduct heat in one direction parallel with the sides of the thermal interface material pad and to the heat removal device and another two on opposite sides conduct heat in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and still parallel with the sides of the thermal interface material pad and to a second heat removal device.
17-20. (canceled)

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

What is claimed is:

1. A molecular memory system, comprising:
a first electrode structure;
a second electrode structure having a substantially planar protective surface exposed for contact with a probe tip and comprising an array of spaced-apart electrodes separated by electrically insulating material; and
a recording medium having a molecular recording layer disposed between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure.
2. The molecular memory system of claim 1, wherein the molecular recording layer comprises a switchable molecular species.
3. The molecular memory system of claim 2, wherein the molecular recording layer comprises a rotaxane molecular species.
4. The molecular memory system of claim 1, wherein the first electrode structure comprises metal layer disposed over a substrate.
5. The molecular memory system of claim 1, wherein the second electrode structure comprises an array of spaced-apart metal electrodes separated by a metal oxide.
6. The molecular memory system of claim 5, wherein the metal electrodes are formed from aluminum and the metal oxide is aluminum oxide.
7. The molecular memory system of claim 1, further comprising a probe tip configured to contact the exposed substantially planar protective surface of the second electrode structure.
8. The molecular memory system of claim 7, wherein the probe tip comprises a carbon nanotube.
9. The molecular memory system of claim 1, further comprising a scanning assembly comprising an array of probe tips, each configured to contact the exposed substantially planar protective surface of the second electrode structure.
10. The molecular memory system of claim 9, further comprising an actuator coupled to the array of probe tips and configured to adjust the position of the probe tips to maintain contact between each probe tip and the exposed substantially planar surface of the second electrode structure.
11. The molecular memory system of claim 9, wherein the scanning assembly is configured to scan the probe tip array across the exposed substantially planar protective surface of the second electrode structure.
12. The molecular memory system of claim 11, further comprising a readwrite controller configured to control the application of voltage signals through the scanning assembly probe tips and between the first electrode structure and the electrodes of the second electrode structure.
13. The molecular memory system of claim 12, wherein the molecular recording layer has a memory property selectively holding first and second memory states with different current-voltage characteristics and exhibits transition between the first and second memory states upon application of a state-changing voltage across the recording layer.
14. The molecular memory system of claim 13, wherein the readwrite controller is configured to control application of a sensing voltage for determining a local memory state of the molecular recording layer and to control the application of a state-changing voltage for changing a local memory state of the molecular recording layer.
15. The molecular memory system of claim 1, further comprising a lubricant disposed over the exposed substantially planar protective surface of the second electrode structure.
16. A molecular memory method, comprising:
providing a first electrode structure;
disposing over the first electrode structure a recording medium having a molecular recording layer; and
disposing over the recording medium a second electrode structure having a substantially planar protective surface exposed for contact with a probe tip and comprising an array of spaced-apart electrodes separated by electrically insulating material.
17. A molecular memory method, comprising:
providing a molecular memory system comprising
a first electrode structure,
a second electrode structure having an exposed substantially planar protective surface and comprising an array of spaced-apart electrodes separated by electrically insulating material, and
a recording medium having a molecular recording layer disposed between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure;

contacting a probe array against the exposed substantially planar protective surface of the second electrode structure; and
scanning the contacting probe tip array across the exposed substantially planar protective surface of the second electrode structure.
18. The molecular memory method of claim 17, wherein the probe tip array comprises an array of carbon nanotubes.
19. The molecular memory method of claim 17, wherein the molecular recording layer has a memory property selectively holding first and second memory states with different current-voltage characteristics and exhibits transition between the first and second memory states upon application of a state-changing voltage across the recording layer.
20. The molecular memory method of claim 19, further comprising applying across the molecular recording layer a sensing voltage for determining a local memory state of the molecular recording layer.
21. The molecular memory method of claim 19, further comprising applying across the molecular recording layer a state-changing voltage for changing a local memory state of the molecular recording layer.

1. A rapidly disintegrable solid preparation which comprises (i) a pharmacologically active ingredient, (ii) a sugar and (iii) a low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose having 5% by weight or more to less than 7% by weight of hydroxypropoxyl group.
2. A preparation of claim 1, which is an orally rapidly disintegrable solid preparation.
3. A preparation of claim 1 or 2, which is a tablet.
4. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the sugar is a sugar alcohol.
5. A preparation of claim 4, wherein the sugar alcohol is mannitol or erythritol.
6. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the sugar is in an amount of 5 to 97 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the solid preparation.
7. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose having 5% by weight or more to less than 7% by weight of hydroxypropoxyl group is used in an amount of 3 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the solid preparation.
8. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient is lansoprazole.
9. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient is voglibose.
10. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient is manidipine hydrochloride.
11. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient is pioglitazone hydrochloride.
12. A preparation of claim 1, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient is candesartan cilexetil.
13. A preparation of claim 3 which comprises fine granules.
14. A preparation of claim 13, wherein the pharmacologically active ingredient is comprised in fine granules of the solid preparation.
15. A preparation of claim 14, wherein (i) a sugar and (ii) a low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose having 5% by weight or more to less than 7% by weight of hydroxypropoxyl group are comprised in the solid preparation separately from fine granules.
16. A preparation of claim 15, wherein the sugar is in an amount of 5 to 97 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rest of the solid preparation other than the fine granules.
17. A preparation of the claim 15, wherein the low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose having 5% by weight or more to less than 7% by weight of hydroxypropoxyl group is in an amount of 3 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rest of the solid preparation other than the fine granules.
18. Use of a low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose having 5% by weight or more to less than 7% by weight of hydroxypropoxyl group for producing a rapidly disintegrable solid preparation comprising a pharmacologically active ingredient and a sugar.
19. A method for improving fast disintegrability of a solid preparation comprising a pharmacologically active ingredient and a sugar which is characterized in that a low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose having 5% by weight or more to less than 7% by weight of hydroxypropoxyl group is contained therein.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A secondary battery system comprising:
a) a battery system stack comprising at least one negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode comprises an oxidizable metal;
b) a device for separating materials contained in a fluid stream from the battery system stack, the device having an inlet operably connected to the battery system stack, having a first outlet operably connected to the battery system stack and having a second outlet;
c) an oxygen reservoir having an outlet operably connected to the battery system stack, and having an inlet; and
d) a compressor having an outlet operably connected to the inlet of the oxygen reservoir, and having an inlet operably connected to the second outlet of the device.
2. The secondary battery system of claim 1:
wherein, the device comprises a cold trap.
3. The secondary battery system of claim 1:
wherein, the device comprises an expander.
4. The secondary battery system of claim 1:
wherein, the compressor is a multi-stage compressor comprising a first compression stage, a second compression stage, and a cooling system, and the cooling system is configured to provide a coolant to the multi-stage compressor to cool a compressed fluid between the first compression stage and the second compression stage.
5. The secondary battery system of claim 1:
wherein the oxidizable metal comprises a metal selected from the list consisting of: lithium, aluminum, sodium, calcium, cesium, iron, magnesium, or zinc.
6. A secondary battery system comprising:
a) a battery system stack comprising at least one negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode comprises an oxidizable metal; and
b) an expander having an inlet operably connected to the battery system stack, and having an outlet operably connected to the battery system stack to return captured electrolyte to the battery system stack.
7. The secondary battery system of claim 6:
wherein, the expander further comprises an outlet configured to vent remaining fluid to the atmosphere.
8. The secondary battery system of claim 6:
further comprising, an oxygen reservoir, and a compressor, the compressor comprising an inlet operably connected to the expander, and an outlet operably connected to the oxygen reservoir, wherein, the compressor is a multi-stage compressor comprising a first compression stage, a second compression stage, and a cooling system, and the cooling system is configured to provide a coolant to the multi-stage compressor to cool a compressed fluid between the first compression stage and the second compression stage.
9. The secondary battery system of claim 6:
further comprising, at least one sensor configured to generate a signal associated with a voltage within the secondary battery system;
a memory; and
a processor operably connected to the memory and the at least one sensor, the processor configured to execute program instructions stored within the memory to obtain the signal generated by the at least one sensor, and control a flow of a fluid to the battery system stack based upon the obtained signal.
10. The secondary battery system of claim 6:
further comprising, a pump, the pump configured to assist the flow of captured electrolyte from the expander to the battery system stack.
11. The secondary battery system of claim 6:
further comprising at least one sensor configured to generate a signal associated with a temperature within the secondary battery system.
12. The secondary battery system of claim 6:
further comprising at least one sensor configured to generate a signal associated with a current within the secondary battery system.
13. The secondary battery system of claim 6:
wherein the oxidizable metal comprises a metal selected from the list consisting of: lithium, aluminum, sodium, calcium, cerium, cesium, magnesium, or zinc.
14. A method of operating a secondary battery system comprising:
charging a secondary battery system stack including at least one positive electrode including a form of an oxidized metal;
transferring fluid formed by charging the secondary battery system stack to a cold trap or an expander;
separating, in the cold trap or expander, at least one material from the fluid to obtain a separated material;
obtaining a signal generated by at least one sensor associated with the secondary battery system; and
controlling a flow of the separated material to the secondary battery system stack based upon the obtained signal.
15. The method of claim 14:
wherein, the oxidized metal comprises a form of at least one of lithium, aluminum, sodium, calcium, cerium, cesium, magnesium, or zinc.
16. The method of claim 14:
further comprising, after separating the at least one material, releasing remaining fluid in the cold trap or expander to the atmosphere.
17. The method of claim 14:
further comprising, after separating the at least one material, transferring remaining fluid in the cold trap or expander to a compressor;
compressing the transferred fluid in the compressor; and
transferring compressed fluid from the compressor to a reservoir operably connected to the secondary battery system stack.
18. The method of claim 17:
wherein, the compressor is a multi-stage compressor, and wherein, compressing the transferred fluid further comprises, compressing the transferred fluid in a first compression stage of the multi-stage compressor;
compressing the compressed fluid from the first compression stage in a second compression stage of the multi-stage compressor; and
providing coolant to the multi-stage compressor.
19. The method of claim 14:
wherein, the compressed fluid comprises oxygen.