All The Claims

1. A method of oxidizing carbide anions andor negative ions from carbides, said method comprising: oxidizing carbide anions at a reaction temperature range from about 150\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C., wherein the reaction produces an allotrope of carbon in an sp1 andor sp3 configuration.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbide anions are salt-like or intermediate carbide anions.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said salt-like carbide anions are selected from the group consisting of methanides, acetylides, and sesquicarbides.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said salt-like carbide anions are acetylides.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said reaction produces an allotrope of carbon in an sp1 configuration.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said reaction produces an allotrope of carbon in an sp3 configuration.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 150\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C., from about 150\xb0 C. to about 250\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 250\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 300\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 350\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 500\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 500\xb0 C.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 300\xb0 C. to about 600\xb0 C., from about 400\xb0 C. to about 600\xb0 C., from about 500\xb0 C. to about 700\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 700\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C., and from about 150\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range from about from about 250\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein said carbide anions comprise calcium carbide.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein said reaction further comprises adding a salt with a melting point of less than 250\xb0 C. as a reactant.
12. A method of producing pure elemental allotropes of carbon comprising: oxidizing salt-like carbide anions andor intermediate carbide anions at a reaction temperature range from about 150\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein said salt-like carbide anions are selected from the group consisting of methanides, acetylides, and sesquicarbides.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the reaction produces pure elemental allotropes of carbon with a sp1 or sp3 configuration.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein said reaction produces pure elemental allotropes of carbon with a sp1 configuration.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein said reaction produces pure elemental allotropes of carbon with a sp3 configuration.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 150\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C., from about 150\xb0 C. to about 250\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 250\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 300\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 350\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 500\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 500\xb0 C.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 300\xb0 C. to about 600\xb0 C., from about 400\xb0 C. to about 600\xb0 C., from about 500\xb0 C. to about 700\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 700\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C., and from about 150\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C.
19. The method of claim 12, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range from about from about 250\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the reaction further comprises utilizing a salt with a melting point of less than 250\xb0 C. as a reactant.
21. The method of claim 12, wherein said reaction comprises reacting a sesquicarbide with a molten metallic halide salt to produce a pure allotrope of carbon in the sp1 configuration.
22. A method for producing diamonds by reacting carbides with molten metallic halide salts at a reaction temperature range from about 150\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 150\xb0 C. to about 200\xb0 C., from about 150\xb0 C. to about 250\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 250\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 300\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 350\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 500\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 500\xb0 C.
24. The method of claim 22, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range selected from the group consisting of from about 300\xb0 C. to about 600\xb0 C., from about 400\xb0 C. to about 600\xb0 C., from about 500\xb0 C. to about 700\xb0 C., from about 200\xb0 C. to about 700\xb0 C., from about 250\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C., and from about 150\xb0 C. to about 750\xb0 C.
25. The method of claim 22, wherein said reaction temperature is in a range from about from about 250\xb0 C. to about 400\xb0 C.
26. A method of controlling a carbon allotrope comprising: controlling the reduction potential of a low melting point halide salt reactant by varying the reduction potential of a cation andor changing the temperature of the melt.
27. A method of oxidizing carbide anions andor negative ions from carbides according to claim 1, wherein the reaction takes place under an environment that is void or substantially void of oxygen andor moisture.
28. A method of producing pure elemental allotropes of carbon according to claim 12, wherein the reaction takes place under an environment that is void or substantially void of oxygen andor moisture.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having computer usable program code programmed to perform handling of a LET binding during an XML pivot join procedure, the computer program product having operations comprising:
receiving an Xquery \u201cFOR, LET, WHERE, ORDER BY, and RETURN\u201d (\u201cFLWOR\u201d) expression for identifying at least one XML document that matches the XQuery FLWOR expression;
identifying a LET binding of the XQuery FLWOR expression, wherein the LET binding comprises a context step in a WHERE clause within the XQuery FLWOR expression;
identifying at least one logical expression within the WHERE clause, the at least one logical expression comprising next expression steps separated by logical operators;
incorporating a replication of the LET binding with each next expression step within the WHERE clause to provide an XPath predicate;
replicating a query tree of the XML pivot join procedure staffing with the LET binding and combining the query tree with a paths tree to form a match graph, the query tree comprising each replication of the LET binding, the match graph indicating each replication of the LET bindings within the query tree; and
rewriting, based at least in part on the match graph, the XQuery FLWOR expression into an XPath query using the FOR binding of the XQuery FLWOR expression as a context step followed by the XPath predicate.
2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein rewriting the XQuery FLWOR expression further comprises incorporating a replication of a predicate of the LET binding with each replicated LET binding to provide the XPath predicate.
3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein rewriting the XQuery FLWOR expression further comprises replicating the query tree by replicating the LET binding for every next step of the WHERE clause.
4. An apparatus for handling a LET binding during an XML pivot join, the apparatus comprising:
an identification module stored on a memory and executed by a processor, the identification module configured to receive an XQuery \u201cFOR, LET, WHERE, ORDER BY, and RETURN\u201d (\u201cFLWOR\u201d) expression for identifying at least one XML document that matches the XQuery FLWOR expression;
the identification module further configured to identify a LET binding of the XQuery FLWOR expression, wherein the LET binding comprises a context step in a WHERE clause within the XQuery FLWOR expression;
the identification module further configured to identify at least one logical expression within the WHERE clause, the at least one logical expression comprising next expression steps separated by logical operators;
an incorporation module configured to incorporate a replication of the LET binding with each next expression step within the WHERE clause to provide an XPath predicate;
a rewrite module configured to replicate a query tree of the XML pivot join procedure starting with the LET binding and combining the query tree with a paths tree to form a match graph, wherein replicating the query tree comprises replicating the LET binding for every next step of the WHERE clause, the query tree comprising each replication of the LET binding such that each replication of the LET binding comprises a single child in the query tree, the match graph indicating each replication of the LET bindings within the query tree; and
the rewrite module further configured to rewrite, based at least in part on the match graph, the XQuery FLWOR expression into an XPath query using the FOR binding of the XQuery FLWOR expression as a context step followed by the XPath predicate.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the incorporation module is further configured to incorporate a replication of a predicate of the LET binding with each replicated LET binding to provide the XPath predicate.

1. An electron spin detector, comprising:
an electron optics that accelerates an electron beam emitted from an electron source and carries the electron beam in a given direction;
a deceleration lens that decelerates the electron beam that has passed through the electron optics; and
a plurality of magnetoresistive sensors that detect the decelerated electron beam,
wherein the detection surfaces of the magnetoresistive sensors are arranged toward an incoming direction of the electron beam so that a virtual envelop curve coming in contact with each detection surface of the magnetoresistive sensors is of a recess configuration when viewed from the incoming direction.
2. The electron spin detector according to claim 1,
wherein the plurality of magnetoresistive sensors are arranged immediately after the deceleration lens.
3. The electron spin detector according to claim 1
wherein the plurality of magnetoresistive sensors are arranged at different angles to the optical axis of the electron optics so that the electron beam spread by the deceleration lens is inputted substantially perpendicular to each of the plurality of magnetoresistive sensors.
4. The electron spin detector according to claim 3,
wherein the angle is more inclined toward the optical axis as the magnetoresistive sensors are farther apart from the optical axis of the electron optics.
5. The electron spin detector according to claim 1,
wherein an aperture has a hole smaller than the size of each magnetoresistive sensor on the incoming direction side of the plurality of magnetoresistive sensors, which faces to each magnetoresistive sensor.
6. The electron spin detector according to claim 1, wherein a unit for rotating an orientation of the electron spin of the electron beam is disposed in front of the plurality of magnetoresistive sensors to which the electron beam is inputted.
7. The electron spin detector according to claim 6, wherein the unit for rotating the orientation of the electron spin of the electron beam includes at least one Wien filter type having a mechanism in which an electric field and a magnetic field are orthogonal to each other.
8. The electron spin detector according to claim 1, wherein two units for rotating an orientation of the electron spin of the electron beam are disposed in front of the plurality of magnetoresistive sensors to which the electron beam is inputted.
9. An electron spin detector, comprising:
an electron optics that accelerates an electron beam emitted from an electron source and carries the electron beam in a given direction;
a deceleration lens that decelerates the electron beam that has passed through the electron optics; and
a plurality of magnetoresistive sensors that detect the decelerated electron beam,
wherein the magnetoresistive sensors are arranged within a virtual plane intersecting the optical axis of the electron optics, and
wherein the detection surfaces of the magnetoresistive sensors are arranged toward the electron optics in such a manner that an angle formed between a perpendicular to each detection surface of the magnetoresistive sensors and an optically axial direction of the electron optics is larger as the detection surface is farther apart from the optical axis.
10. A spin polarized scanning electron microscope, comprising:
an electron gun that emits an electron beam;
a primary electron beam emitted from the electron gun and irradiated on a sample mounted on a sample stage;
a secondary electron beam emitted from the sample surface by irradiation of the primary electron beam;
a secondary electron optics that accelerates the secondary electron beam and carries the secondary electron beam in a given direction; and
a spin rotator that changes the electron spin rotation of the electron beam that has passed through the secondary electron optics,
wherein the electron spin detector according to claim 1 is used for the detector that detects the electron beam that has passed through the spin rotator.
11. A spin resolved photoemission spectrometer, comprising:
a light source that emits an electromagnetic ray;
a condensing lens system that is disposed inside an ultrahigh vacuum chamber and carries the electromagnetic ray to be irradiated to a sample;
an electron lens that condenses a photoelectron excited by irradiation on the sample; and
an energy analyzer that carries a photoelectron having a desired energy among the condensed photoelectrons in a given direction,
wherein the electron spin detector according to claim 1 is used for the detector that detects the photoelectron that has passed through the energy analyzer.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A method for determining a genetic predisposition to or the presence of autism or an autism spectrum disorder in a subject, said method comprising identifying the presence of absence of a genetic alteration in a JARID2 nucleic acid molecule derived from the subject.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is identified as having a family member diagnosed with autism.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is identified as having a family member diagnosed with schizophrenia.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetic alteration is in a linkage disequilibrium region of JARID2 or is associated with chromosome 6p23.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetic alteration is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in said JARID2 nucleic acid molecule.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the SNP is selected from the group consisting of rs7766973 (SEQ ID NO: 2), rs6459404 (SEQ ID NO: 10), rs6921502 (SEQ ID NO: 8), rs6915344 (SEQ ID NO: 3), and rs13193457 (SEQ ID NO: 15).
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the identification of a C at polymorphism site rs7766973 (SEQ ID NO: 2), indicates an increased risk for autism.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetic alteration is identified in a biological sample from the subject.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of blood, urine, feces, saliva, a cheek swab, amniotic fluid, and tissue.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample is blood.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is isolated from a subject that is between 0 and 6 months of age, between 6 and 12 months of age, or between 12 and 36 months of age.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the subject is a child identified as having delayed communication skills, social skills, or that is otherwise identified as developmentally disabled.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises comparing the genetic alteration in the subject with a corresponding sequence in a relative of the subject.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetic alteration is detected by a method selected from the group consisting of direct sequencing, single strand polymorphism assay, denaturing high performance liquid chromatography, hybridization on a nucleic acid array, restriction length polymorphism assay, ligase chain reaction, enzymatic cleavage, southern hybridization, mass spectrometry, and polymerase chain reaction.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein the biological sample comprises deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetic alteration is detected by single strand polymorphism assay.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the genetic alteration is detected using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography.
18. The method of claim 1, wherein the testing of the sample is carried out by direct sequencing of nucleic acids.
19. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymorphism is at a site selected from the group consisting of rs7766973 (SEQ ID NO: 2), rs6915344 (SEQ ID NO: 3), rs12530202 (SEQ ID NO: 4), rs2295954 (SEQ ID NO: 5), rs9464779 (SEQ ID NO: 6), rs11962776 (SEQ ID NO: 7), rs6921502 (SEQ ID NO: 8), rs9396578 (SEQ ID NO: 9), rs6459404 (SEQ ID NO: 10), rs9370809 (SEQ ID NO: 11), rs3759 (SEQ ID NO: 12), rs957387, (SEQ ID NO: 13), rs707833 (SEQ ID NO: 14), rs13193457 (SEQ ID NO: 15), rs909626 (SEQ ID NO: 16).
20. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying the subject as having a developmental delay or behavioral abnormality characteristic of autism.
21. A method for identifying a subject as in need of therapeutic intervention to ameliorate autism or an autism spectrum disorder, the method comprising identifying the presence or absence of a genetic alteration in a JARID2 nucleic acid molecule derived from the subject.
22. A kit for detecting an autism-associated polymorphism in a subject, the kit comprising at least one polynucleotide molecule capable of specifically binding or hybridizing to a polymorphism in a JARID2 nucleic acid molecule and directions for using the kit in the method of claim 1.
23. A kit for detecting an autism-associated polymorphism in a subject, the kit comprising at least one set of primers suitable for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), wherein the set of primers amplifies a JARID2 nucleic acid molecule.
24. A kit for detecting an autism associated polymorphism in a subject, the kit comprising at least one set of primers suitable for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), wherein the set of primers amplifies polymorphism site selected from the group consisting of rs7766973 (SEQ ID NO: 2), rs6915344 (SEQ ID NO: 3), rs12530202 SEQ ID NO: 4), rs2295954 (SEQ ID NO: 5), rs9464779 (SEQ ID NO: 6), rs11962776 (SEQ ID NO: 7), rs6921502 (SEQ ID NO: 8), rs9396578 (SEQ ID NO: 9), rs6459404 (SEQ ID NO: 10), rs9370809 (SEQ ID NO: 11), rs3759 (SEQ ID NO: 12), rs957387 (SEQ ID NO: 13), rs707833, (SEQ ID NO: 14), rs13193457 (SEQ ID NO: 15), rs909626 (SEQ ID NO: 16).