All The Claims

1. A method of attenuating expression of Frizzled Related Protein-1 mRNA of a subject, comprising:
administering to an eye of the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the interfering RNA comprising:
a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near- perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the sense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides and comprises a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 wherein the thymines are replaced with uracils, wherein the expression of Frizzled Related Protein-1 mRNA is attenuated thereby.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is a human and the human has glaucoma.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the subject is a human and the human is at risk of developing glaucoma.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising administering to the subject a second interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and comprising:
a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near- perfect complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the antisense strand of the second interfering RNA hybridizes under physiological conditions to a second portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, and the antisense strand has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the second hybridizing portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, respectively.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the sense nucleotide strand and the antisense nucleotide strand are connected by a loop nucleotide strand.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular, or suprachoroidal route.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the interfering RNA is administered via in vivo expression from an expression vector capable of expressing the interfering RNA.
8. A method of treating glaucoma in a subject in need thereof, comprising:
administering to an eye of the subject a composition comprising an effective amount of interfering RNA, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, the interfering RNA comprising a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the sense strand is 19 to 21 nucleotides and comprises a nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18 wherein the thymines are replaced with uracils,
wherein the glaucoma is treated thereby.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the subject is a human and the human has glaucoma.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the subject is a human and the human is at risk of developing glaucoma.
11. The method of claim further comprising administering to the subject a second interfering RNA having a length of 19 to 49 nucleotides and comprising:
a sense nucleotide strand, an antisense nucleotide strand, and a region of at least near- perfect complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides;
wherein the antisense strand of the second interfering RNA hybridizes under physiological conditions to a second portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, and the antisense strand has a region of at least near-perfect contiguous complementarity of at least 19 nucleotides with the second hybridizing portion of mRNA corresponding to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:191, respectively.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the sense nucleotide strand and the antisense nucleotide strand are connected by a loop nucleotide strand.
13. The method of claim 8 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular or suprachoroidal route.
14. The method of claim 8 wherein the interfering RNA is administered via in vivo expression from an expression vector capable of expressing the interfering RNA.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition is administered via ocular injection.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular, or suprachoroidal route.
17. The method of claim 8 wherein the composition is administered via ocular injection.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the composition is administered via a topical, intravitreal, transcleral, periocular, conjunctival, subtenon, intracameral, subretinal, subconjunctival, retrobulbar, intracanalicular, or suprachoroidal route.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A composition for reducing chemical oxygen demand in water of an aquatic facility, the composition comprising:
a persulfate donor from about 70 wt. % to about 99.98 wt. %;
a transition metal catalyst measured as elemental metal between about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the composition, and
a cationic electrolyte from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the composition that coagulates the spent catalyst; and
upon dissolving the composition in water the catalyst decomposes the persulfate to produce sulfate free radicals and sustains a persulfate concentration in the water of the aquatic facility of less than 2 ppm.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is powder.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is granular.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is an agglomerate.
5. The composition of claim 4 further comprising an agent that restricts a dissolution rate of the agglomerate in water.
6. The composition of claim 5, wherein the agent is a substantially water-insoluble wax.
7. The composition of claim 5, wherein the agent is a mineral salt of a carboxylic acid having at least 16 carbons.
8. The composition of claim 5, wherein the agent is a gel forming material that forms a gelatinous structure upon contacting water.
9. The composition of claim 1, wherein the persulfate donor is at least one of: potassium monopersulfate, sodium persulfate, and potassium persulfate.
10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises silver.
11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises copper.
12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises cobalt.
13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises iron.
14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises molybdenum.
15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises platinum.
16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises manganese.
17. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a chelating agent in contact with the transition metal catalyst.
18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is usable while mammals are present in the water.
19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic electrolyte is an inorganic salt.
20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the inorganic salt is alum.
21. The composition of claim 19, wherein the inorganic salt is an aluminate.
22. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic electrolyte is an organic polymer.
23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the organic polymer is a polyacrylamide.
24. The composition of claim 22, wherein the organic polymer is chitosan.
25. A composition for reduction of chemical oxygen demand in water, the composition comprising:
a free halogen donor from about 50-99 wt. % of the composition;
a persulfate donor comprising potassium monopersulfate;
a cationic electrolyte from about 0.05 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition that coagulates the spent catalyst; and
a transition metal catalyst comprising cobalt;
wherein the free halogen donor, the persulfate donor, the cationic electrolyte and the transition metal catalyst form an agglomerate.
26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the composition is soluble in water.
27. The composition of claim 25 further comprising a chelating agent in contact with the transition metal catalyst.
28. The composition of claim 1, wherein the cationic electrolyte is an inorganic salt.
29. The composition of claim 28, wherein the inorganic salt is alum.
30. The composition of claim 28, wherein the inorganic salt is an aluminate.
31. The composition of claim 25, wherein the free halogen donor is at least one of: calcium hypochlorite, trichloroisocyanuric acid, dichloroisocyanuric acid, dibromodimethyl hydantoin, bromochlorodimethyl hydantoin, and lithium hypochlorite.
32. The composition of claim 25, wherein the persulfate donor is separated from the free halogen donor.
33. The composition of claim 25 further comprising a chlorite donor.
34. The composition of claim 25, wherein the persulfate donor and the transition metal catalyst comprise about 1-50 wt. % of the composition.
35. The composition of claim 25, wherein the composition is usable while mammals are present in the water.
36. A composition for removing chemical oxygen demand from an aquatic facility, the composition comprising:
a transition metal catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the composition measured as elemental metal;
a cationic electrolyte that coagulates the spent catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition; and
a persulfate donor comprising potassium monopersulfate in an amount that makes up about 70-99.98 wt. % of the composition; and
upon dissolving the composition in water, the catalyst decomposes the persulfate to produce sulfate free radicals and sustains a persulfate concentration in the water of the aquatic facility of less than 2 ppm.
37. A composition for reducing chemical oxygen demand in the water of an aquatic facility while mammals are present, the composition comprising:
potassium monopersulfate from about 70-99.98 wt. % of the composition; and
a transition metal catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % and about 10 wt. % of the composition measured as elemental metal, and comprising at least one of copper and silver; and
a cationic electrolyte that coagulates the spent catalyst in an amount that makes up about 0.01 wt. % to about 20 wt. % of the composition; and
upon dissolving the composition in water, the catalyst decomposes the persulfate to produce sulfate free radicals and sustains a persulfate concentration in the water of the aquatic facility of less than 2 ppm.

1. A fuel composition comprising or obtainable from a mixture comprising:
(a) a C5 isoprenoid compound of formula (Ib) or (Ic):
\u2003wherein Z is O\u2014R, O\u2014C(\u2550O)R, O\u2014PO(OR)2, O\u2014SO2\u2014OR, PO(OR)2 or SO2\u2014OR; and R is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl or aralkyl; and
(b) a fuel additive.
2. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of the C5 isoprenoid compound is from about 1% to about 95% by weight or volume, based on the total weight or volume of the fuel composition.
3. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein Z of formula (Ib) or (Ic) is OH.
4. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the C5 isoprenoid compound is according to formula (Ib).
5. The fuel composition of claim 4, wherein Z is OH.
6. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the C5 isoprenoid compound is according to formula (Ib).
7. The fuel composition of claim 6, wherein Z is OH.
8. The fuel composition of claim 3, wherein the fuel composition is substantially free of a second alcohol, wherein the second alcohol is not 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol or a combination thereof.
9. The fuel composition of claim 8, wherein the second alcohol is methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-butanol, n-pentanol, sec-pentanol, tert-pentanol, n-hexanol, iso-hexanol, sec-hexanol, tert-hexanol, heptanols, octanols, nonanols, decanols or a combination thereof.
10. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel composition is substantially free of an aromatic compound.
11. The fuel composition of claim 1 further comprising a petroleum-based fuel in an amount from about 1% to about 95% by weight or volume, based on the total weight or volume of the fuel composition.
12. The fuel composition of claim 11, wherein the petroleum-based fuel is gasoline.
13. The fuel composition of claim 12 wherein the C5 isoprenoid compound is according to formula (Ib) and Z is OH and the C5 isoprenoid compound is present in an amount from about 1% to about 12.5% by volume, based on the total volume of the fuel composition.
14. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel additive is selected from the group consisting of oxygenates, antioxidants, thermal stability improvers, cetane improvers, stabilizers, cold flow improvers, combustion improvers, anti-foams, anti-haze additives, corrosion inhibitors, lubricity improvers, icing inhibitors, injector cleanliness additives, smoke suppressants, drag reducing additives, metal deactivators, dispersants, detergents, demulsifiers, dyes, markers, static dissipaters, biocides and combinations thereof.
15. The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the amount of the fuel additive is from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight or volume, based on the total weight or volume of the fuel composition.
16. A fuel composition made by a method comprising the steps of:
(a) contacting a cell capable of making a C5 isoprenoid compound of formula (Ib) or (Ic):
\u2003wherein Z is OH with a simple sugar under conditions suitable for making the C5 isoprenoid compound; and
(b) mixing the C5 isoprenoid compound with one or more fuel components or fuel additives to make the fuel composition.
17. A fuel composition comprising a fuel component and a bioengineered C5 isoprenoid compound.
18. A fuel composition produced by preparing 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol from a mixture comprising a microorganism, and incorporating the 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol in a fuel.
19. The fuel composition of claim 18, wherein the mixture further comprises a simple sugar.
20. The fuel composition of claim 19, wherein the simple sugar is glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, ribose or a combination thereof.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An integrated circuit comprising:
a first inductor circuit;
a second inductor circuit; and
a shield element interposed the first and second inductor circuit.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the first and second inductor circuits and the shield element are in a common metal layer of said integrated circuit.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein said shield element is a grounded conductor.
4. An integrated circuit including a symmetric-asymmetric transformer comprising:
an inductive primary circuit;
an inductive secondary circuit; and
reducing means for reducing the capacitive coupling between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.
5. The integrated circuit according to claim 4, in which the reducing means comprises cold node coupling capacitors that are created between the inductive primary and inductive secondary circuits.
6. The integrated circuit according to claim 4, in which the reducing means comprises an electrically conducting shield connected to earth and extending at least between the inductive primary circuit and the inductive secondary circuit.
7. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, in which the shield comprises at least one metallic layer.
8. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, in which the shield is openwork so as to form distinct shielding zones.
9. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, in which the shield furthermore extends along at least one of the inductive primary and inductive secondary circuits.
10. The integrated circuit according to claim 4, wherein the inductive primary circuit and the inductive secondary circuit are coplanar.
11. The integrated circuit according to claim 4, wherein the inductive primary circuit and the inductive secondary circuit are stacked.
12. The integrated circuit according to claim 6, wherein the shield extends over a height corresponding to a plurality of metallization levels of the integrated circuit.
13. The integrated circuit according to claim 4, further comprising power amplification means connected to said symmetric-asymmetric transformer.
14. The integrated circuit according to claim 13, in which the power amplification means is connected between two symmetric-asymmetric transformers.
15. The integrated circuit according to claim 4, further comprising auxiliary capacitors connected in parallel with each respective symmetric-asymmetric transformer.
16. A method comprising:
inducing in a first secondary winding a current as a result of inductive coupling of said first secondary winding with a first primary winding;
wherein a shield element interposed between said first primary winding and said first secondary winding reduces capacitive coupling between said first primary winding and said first secondary winding relative to an identical structure without the shield element.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
inducing in a second secondary winding a second current as a result of inductive coupling of said second secondary winding with a second primary winding.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein a second shield element interposed between said second primary winding and said secondary winding reduces capacitive coupling between said second primary winding and said second secondary winding relative to an identical structure without the second shield element.
19. The method of claim 17 further comprising:
receiving a signal from said first secondary winding; and
amplifying said signal.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising:
receiving at said second primary winding said amplified signal.