All The Claims

1. A method of engraving a label on a wafer comprising:
i) measuring a present energy level of a laser beam emitted from a laser diode, wherein the present energy level corresponds to a present output power of the laser diode;
ii) calculating a temperature compensation value;
iii) adjusting a temperature of the laser diode in relation to a reference temperature and the temperature compensation value;
iv) irradiating the wafer With the laser beam from the laser diode, wherein a energy level of the laser beam corresponds to a reference output power; and
v) repeating steps i) through iv).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference temperature is about 25\xb0 C.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the temperature compensation value comprises:
calculating a present temperature of the laser diode in accordance with the present output power and an input current;
calculating a difference between the present temperature and the reference temperature of the laser diode; and
providing the difference as the temperature compensation value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein calculating the present temperature of the laser diode comprises:
providing the input current and the present output power to a calculation program; and
calculating the present temperature using the calculation program.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein calculating the temperature compensation value comprises:
calculating a difference between the present output power and the reference output power, wherein the reference output power is the output power of the laser beam emitted from the laser diode at the reference temperature; and
calculating the temperature compensation value in accordance with the difference.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the present temperature of the laser diode to the reference temperature comprises:
cooling or heating the laser diode in accordance with the temperature compensation value.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein repeating the steps i) through iv) comprises:
repeating the steps i) through iv) at predetermined intervals.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein repeating the steps i) through iv) comprises:
repeating the steps i) through iv) continuously.
9. An apparatus adapted to engrave a label on a wafer, comprising:
a light source member comprising a laser diode adapted to emit a laser beam;
a measuring member adapted to measure a present energy level of the laser beam, wherein the present energy level corresponds to a present output power;
a processing member adapted to compare the present energy level with a reference energy level to calculate a temperature compensation value for the laser diode, wherein the reference energy level is an energy level of the laser beam emitted from the laser diode at a reference temperature;
a heat-exchanging member adapted to adjust a temperature of the laser diode relative to the reference temperature and the temperature compensation value; and
a projection member adapted to project the laser beam onto the wafer.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the processing member comprises:
a memory module adapted to store an input current and a calculation program; and
a calculating module adapted to calculate the temperature compensation value in accordance with a difference between a present temperature of the laser diode and the reference temperature,
wherein the present temperature is calculated using the calculation program in relation to the input current and the present output power.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the reference temperature is about 25\xb0 C.
12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the light source member further comprises:
an internal power supply adapted to apply an operating voltage to the laser diode; and
a controller adapted to control an amount of current provided by the internal power supply to the laser diode.
13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the measuring member comprises a photometer adapted to collect a portion of the laser beam, to output a photocurrent corresponding to the present energy level of the laser beam, and to convert the photocurrent into a voltage.
14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the heat-exchanging member comprises a chiller and a heating pump positioned adjacent to the light source member.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1.-18. (canceled)
19. A thin layer semi-conductor structure including a semi-conductor surface layer separated from a support substrate by an intermediate zone, the intermediate zone being a multi-layer electrically insulating the semi-conductor surface layer from the support substrate, providing an electrical quality of interface with the semi-conductor surface layer and including a first layer providing the thermal conductivity between the semi-conductor surface layer and the support substrate, the intermediate zone including additionally a second layer located between the first layer and the support substrate, the second layer being of an electric insulating material, of low dielectric constant and providing bonding by molecular adhesion between the intermediate zone and the support substrate, the thickness of the first layer being chosen as a function of the dimension of the thermal dissipation zones of the electronic device or devices which are to be made from the semi-conductor surface layer.
20. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 19, wherein the second layer provides adhesion between the intermediate zone and the support substrate.
21. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 19, wherein the intermediate zone includes a third, electrical insulating, layer between the first layer and the semi-conductor surface layer, said third-layer providing to the intermediate zone said electrical quality of interface.
22. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 21, wherein, the semi-conductor structure being an SOI structure, the third layer is a layer of silicon oxide.
23. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 22, wherein the third layer is a layer of thermal silicon oxide.
24. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 19, the semiconductor structure being an SOI structure, wherein the second layer is a layer of silicon oxide.
25. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 19, wherein the first layer is constituted by a material chosen from among polycrystalline silicon, diamond, alumina, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride and silicon carbide.
26. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 19, wherein the first layer is in contact with the semi-conductor surface layer and provides said electrical quality of interface.
27. A semi-conductor structure according to claim 26, wherein the semi-conductor structure being an SOI structure, said first layer is a layer of cubic silicon carbide.
28. A process for manufacturing a semi-conductor structure according to claim 19, including the following stages:
manufacture of the layers of the intermediate zone on one face of a first substrate intended to supply said semi-conductor surface layer andor on one face of a second substrate intended to supply the support substrate of the structure,
bonding of the first substrate on the second substrate, said faces being placed opposite each other,
making of said semi-conductor surface layer.
29. A process according to claim 28, wherein making said semi-conductor surface layer includes reducing the thickness of the first substrate.
30. A process according to claim 28, wherein bonding the first substrate onto the second substrate is achieved by molecular adhesion.
31. A process according to claim 30, wherein the manufacturing stage of the layers of the intermediate zone includes the deposition of at least one bonding layer to allow bonding by molecular adhesion.
32. A process according to claim 31, wherein said bonding layer is a silicon oxide layer.
33. A process according to claim 28, wherein the first layer is a layer of a material chosen from among polycrystalline silicon deposited by LPCVD, diamond deposited by PECVD, alumina deposited by reactive cathode sputtering, silicon nitride deposited by CVD, aluminum nitride deposited by CVD, boron nitride deposited by CVD and silicon carbide deposited by CVD.
34. A process according to claim 29, wherein the reduction in the thickness of the first substrate is obtained by using one or more technologies from among: rectification, chemical etching, polishing, separation following thermal treatment along a cleavage plane induced by ion implantation.

1. A hand rail system comprising:
at least two spaced apart vertical rails having upper and lower ends;
at least two spaced apart horizontal rails engaged with said vertical rails and positioned above said lower ends of said vertical rails;
a plurality of slip-on structural fittings for engaging said horizontal rails with said vertical rails, each fitting having a securing mechanism that secures said rails to said fitting; and
a plastic coating covering and sealing the vertical and horizontal rails and the structural fittings.
2. The hand rail system as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of the fittings comprises a T-shaped member having a hollow interior, each leg of the T-shaped member having an interior matching the exterior profile of the horizontal rails and the vertical rails, the interior profile having a diameter equal to or greater than the exterior diameter of the rails.
3. The hand rail system as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of the fittings comprises an L-shaped member having a hollow interior, each leg of the L-shaped member having an interior profile matching the exterior profile of the horizontal rails and the vertical rails, the interior profile having a diameter equal to or greater than the exterior diameter of the rails.
4. The hand rail system as defined in claim 1, further comprising:
a third vertical rail, the horizontal rails being engaged with the third vertical rail; and
the plastic coating covering the third vertical rail.
5. The hand rail system as defined in claim 1, wherein the spaced-apart vertical rails and the spaced-apart horizontal rails define a framed area, the system further including an infill panel having an area which substantially consumes the framed area; the panel being mounted in the framed area, and the plastic coating covering and sealing the infill panel.
6. The hand rail system as defined in claim 5, further comprising one or more sections of U-channel affixed to each of the vertical rails and the horizontal rails for mounting the infill panel.
7. The hand rail system as defined in claim 5, wherein the infill panel is a mesh screen.
8. The hand rail system as defined in claim 5, wherein the infill panel is a solid panel.
9. The hand rail system as defined in claim 1, wherein the plastic coating is a spray on polyurea.
10. A hand rail assembly comprising:
a perimeter frame composed of steel tubing covered with plastic sheathing, the perimeter frame surrounding a framed area;
an infill panel disposed in the framed area such that the panel is surrounded by the perimeter frame; and
a plastic coating covering and sealing the perimeter frame and the infill panel.
11. A hand rail assembly comprising:
a pair of spaced apart vertical posts each having a lower end and an upper end, the lower ends being configured to engage a support surface;
an upper rail extending between the upper ends of the vertical posts;
a lower rail extending between the vertical posts and positioned below the upper rail;
the vertical posts and the rails together defining a perimeter frame having a framed area defined therein, the framed area having a top edge defined by the upper rail, a lower edge defined by the lower rail, and sides defined by the vertical members;
an infill panel supported in the framed area; and
a plastic coating covering the posts and rails and infill panel.
12. The hand rail assembly according to claim 11, further comprising structural fittings interconnecting the rails with the posts, at least one of the structural fittings comprising a slip-in fitting having a base with a radiused end surface matching the outer diameter of one of the posts or rails, the fitting further having an engagement member extending from the base, the engagement member configured to engage the inner diameter of one of the posts or rails.
13. The hand rail assembly according to claim 12, wherein the structural fitting further comprises a connector operable to connect the fitting to one of the posts or rails such that the end surface mates with the outer diameter of the post or rail.
14. The hand rail assembly according to claim 12, wherein the base of the structural fitting has an outer diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the rails.
15. The hand rail system according to claim 12, wherein the engagement member comprises a pair of engagement fingers shaped to fit into the inner diameter of the post or rail.
16. The hand rail assembly according to claim 11, further comprising structural fittings interconnecting the rails with the posts, at least one of the structural fittings comprising a slip-on fitting having an inner diameter greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the posts or rails.
17. A hand rail assembly with an infill panel, comprising:
a pair of spaced apart vertical posts each having a lower end and an upper end, the lower ends being configured to engage a support surface;
an upper rail extending between the upper ends of the vertical posts and engaged to the upper ends of the vertical posts;
a lower rail extending between the vertical posts and positioned below the upper rail, the lower rail engaged to the vertical posts;
the vertical posts and the rails together defining a perimeter frame having a framed area defined therein, the framed area having a top edge defined by the upper rail, a lower edge defined by the lower rail, and sides defined by the vertical posts;
an infill panel supported in the framed area; and
a spray on polyurea coating covering the posts and rails and infill panel.
18. The hand rail assembly according to claim 17, further comprising structural fittings interconnecting the rails with the posts, at least one of the structural fittings comprising a slip-in fitting having a base with a radiused end surface matching the outer diameter of one of the posts or rails, the fitting further having an engagement member extending from the base, the engagement member configured to engage the inner diameter of one of the posts or rails, the polyurea coating covering the fittings along with the posts and rails so as to seal the fittings to the posts and rails.
19. The hand rail assembly according to claim 18, wherein the structural fitting further comprises a connector operable to connect the fitting to a post or rail such that the end surface mates with the outer diameter of the post or rail.
20. The hand rail assembly according to claim 18, wherein the base of the structural fitting has an outer diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the rails.
21. The hand rail system according to claim 18, wherein the engagement member comprises a pair of engagement fingers shaped to fit into the inner diameter of the post or rail.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An assembly for attachment to a frame of a wheelchair having an axle-coupling arrangement comprising:
a main wheel configured for connection to said axle-coupling arrangement so as to enable quick-release attachment and detachment of said main wheel to said frame;
a lever drive coupled to said main wheel to translate strokes of a lever to rotation of said main wheel;
a clamp configured for attachment to a frame member of said frame, said clamp having a first alignment feature; and
an attachment device for releasably connecting said lever drive to said clamp, said attachment device having three dimensions of adjustment to accommodate attachment to wheelchair frames of various geometries, said attachment device having a free end with a second alignment feature configured to mate with said first alignment feature of said clamp, said attachment device being rotatable at a second end opposite to said free end to provide angular adjustability, said attachment device being adjustable in length to provide length adjustability, said attachment device being connected at said rotatable second end by hardware which provides offset adjustability in a direction generally parallel to a rotational axis of said main wheel.
2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein rotation of said second end to provide said angular adjustability occurs in a plane that is generally perpendicular to said rotation axis of said main wheel.
3. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said hardware which provides said offset adjustability includes a cooperation of threaded elements to displace said attachment device as a consequence of relative rotation of said threaded elements, said attachment device being threaded to said hardware such that said angular adjustability is enabled by a threaded connection of said hardware and said attachment device.
4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein a first one of said first and second alignment features is a pin and wherein said clamp includes a spring-biased member positioned to secure said attachment device when said pin is inserted into a second one of said first and second alignment features, said second one being an opening.
5. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said clamp includes a curved interior surface dimensioned for attachment to a tubular frame member.
6. The assembly of claim 5 wherein said clamp includes a spring-biased latch for releasably securing said attachment device when said clamp is clamped to a horizontal said tubular frame member.
7. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said main wheel includes an axle dimensioned for a slidable fit within said axle-coupling arrangement of said frame, said assembly further comprising a fixed-length reaction arm extending from a region about said axle to said lever and said second end of said attachment device.
8. The assembly of claim 6 further comprising an adjustable power link coupling said lever to a transmission-containing hub of said main wheel.
9. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said attachment device includes a fixed member and a telescoping member, said fixed and telescoping members having a plurality of coupling locations that enable selectability in locking said telescoping member relative to said fixed member, thereby providing said length adjustability.
10. The assembly of claim 9 wherein said second alignment feature of said attachment device is within a region of said telescoping member that includes an arcuate edge to accommodate attachment to said clamp at a range of available angles.
11. An assembly for attachment to an axle bearing and a frame of a wheelchair comprising:
a main wheel having an axle and central wheel hub, said axle being dimensioned to mate with said axle bearing;
a clamp dimensioned to clamp onto a frame member of said frame, said clamp including a first alignment feature located to be accessible from a direction perpendicular to an axis of said frame member when said clamp is attached thereto;
linkage extending from a region of said main wheel to a distance from said wheel hub; and
a telescoping attachment device having a rotatable member that is connected to an end of said linkage opposite to said wheel hub, said rotatable member being connected to a pivot axis, said telescoping attachment device having a second member which adjustably extends from said rotatable member, said rotatable member being secured along said pivot axis such that said rotatable member is adjustable in location along said pivot axis, said second member including a second alignment feature configured to seat with said first alignment feature of said clamp;
wherein said first alignment feature of said clamp, said second alignment feature of said second member, said linkage and said telescoping attachment device releasably attach the main wheel to the frame.
12. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said rotatable member is secured along said pivot axis by threaded members that enable adjustment in said location along said pivot axis and that enable rotation of said telescoping member about said pivot axis.
13. The assembly of claim 11 wherein threaded hardware secures said rotatable member of said telescoping attachment device to permit said adjustable location along said pivot axis, such that rotation of said threaded hardware when said telescoping attachment device is rotatably fixed displaces said rotatable member along said pivot axis and such that rotation of said telescoping attachment device when said threaded hardware is rotatably fixed provides rotational adjustment relative to said clamp.
14. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said pivot axis is generally parallel to said axle of said main wheel.
15. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said wheel hub couples to said axle bearing of said wheelchair by a quick-release mechanism.
16. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said clamp is configured to mate with said telescoping attachment device when said clamp is secured to a horizontal said frame member.
17. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said first and second attachment features are a pin and an opening.
18. The assembly of claim 11 further comprising a lever connected to said linkage and said main wheel to drive said main wheel in response to lever motion, said linkage including a reaction arm.
19. An assembly for attachment to an axle bearing and a frame of a wheelchair comprising:
a main wheel having an axle and central wheel hub, said axle being dimensioned to mate with said axle bearing;
a clamp dimensioned to clamp onto a frame member of said frame, said clamp including a first alignment feature located to be accessible from a direction perpendicular to an axis of said frame member when said clamp is attached thereto;
linkage extending from a region of said main wheel to a distance from said wheel hub; and
a telescoping attachment device having a rotatable member that is connected to an end of said linkage opposite to said wheel hub, said rotatable member being connected to a pivot axis, said telescoping attachment device having a second member which adjustably extends from said rotatable member, said rotatable member being secured along said pivot axis such that said rotatable member is adjustable in location along said pivot axis, said second member including a second alignment feature configured to seat with said first alignment feature of said clamp; wherein one of said clamp and said second member includes a latch mechanism to secure said telescoping attachment device to said clamp when said first and second alignment features are seated together.
20. The assembly of claim 19 wherein said second member has an edge geometry configured to accommodate operation of said latch mechanism over a range of angles of said second member relative to said clamp.