All The Claims

1. A method implemented in a wireless communication device having push-to-talk capabilities, said method comprising:
detecting a push-to-talk event; and
triggering a location operation responsive to the push-to-talk event, wherein the location operation comprises at least one of:
a state determining procedure for determining an operational state of location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and one or more remote wireless communication devices;
a capability determining procedure for determining a capability of the location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices;
an application terminating procedure for terminating a location application in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices;
a deactivating procedure for deactivating the location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices; and
a location terminating procedure for terminating a location request in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises a floor control event.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the location operation triggered by the floor control event further comprises a location determining procedure.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of the wireless communication device.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of one more remote wireless communication devices.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises a session entrance event.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the location operation triggered by the session entrance event further comprises a location determining procedure.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of the wireless communication device.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of one more remote wireless communication devices.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises one of an application launch event, a floor control event, a trigger event, and a session entrance event.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the location operation further comprises an activation operation for activating the location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the location operation further comprises a launch operation for launching a location application in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
13. The method of claim 10 wherein the location operation further comprises a location determining procedure for determining a location of at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises at least one of an application close event and a session exit event.
15. The method of claim 1 further comprising providing results from the location operation to at least one of a wireless network, the wireless communication device, and one or more remote wireless communication devices.
16. The method of claim 1 further comprising outputting results from the location operation to an output device of the wireless communication device.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein outputting the results from the location operation comprises outputting location results to a display of the wireless communication device.
18. The method of claim 1 further comprising periodically triggering additional location operations after triggering the first location operation.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises at least one of a software-generated push-to-talk event, a user input generated push-to-talk event, and a network-generated push-to-talk event.
20. A wireless communication device having push-to-talk capabilities, the wireless communication device comprising:
a processor configured to:
detect a push-to-talk event; and

trigger a location operation responsive to the push-to-talk event, wherein the location operation comprises at least one of:
a state determining procedure for determining an operational state for location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and one or more remote wireless communication devices;
a capability determining procedure for determining a capability of the location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices;
an application terminating procedure for terminating a location application in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices;
a deactivating procedure for deactivating the location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices; and
a location terminating procedure for terminating a location request in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
21. The wireless communication device of claim 20 further comprising a push-to-talk control, wherein user activation of the push-to-talk control generates the push-to-talk event.
22. The wireless communication device of claim 21 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises a floor control event activated by user activation of the push-to-talk control.
23. The wireless communication device of claim 22 wherein the location operation triggered by the floor control event further comprises a location determining procedure.
24. The wireless communication device of claim 23 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of the wireless communication device.
25. The wireless communication device of claim 23 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of one or more remote wireless communication devices.
26. The wireless communication device of claim 20 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises a session entrance event.
27. The wireless communication device of claim 26 wherein the location operation triggered by the session entrance event further comprises a location determining procedure.
28. The wireless communication device of claim 27 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of the wireless communication device.
29. The wireless communication device of claim 27 wherein the location determining procedure determines a location of one or more remote wireless communication devices.
30. The wireless communication device of claim 20 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises one of an application launch event, a floor control event, a trigger event, and a session entrance event.
31. The wireless communication device of claim 30 wherein the location operation further comprises an activation operation for activating the location electronics in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
32. The wireless communication device of claim 30 wherein the location operation further comprises a launch operation for launching a location application in at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
33. The wireless communication device of claim 30 wherein the location operation further comprises a location determining procedure for determining a location of at least one of the wireless communication device and the one or more remote wireless communication devices.
34. The wireless communication device of claim 20 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises at least one of an application close event and a session exit event.
35. The wireless communication device of claim 20 wherein the processor is further configured to provide results from the location operation to at least one of a wireless network and one or more remote wireless communication devices.
36. The wireless communication device of claim 20 wherein the processor is further configured to provide results from the location operation to an output device of the wireless communication device.
37. The wireless communication device of claim 36 further comprising a display, wherein the results comprise location results, and wherein the processor is configured to provide the location results to the display.
38. The wireless communication device of claim 20 wherein the processor is further configured to periodically trigger additional location operations after triggering the first location operation.
39. The wireless communication device of claim 20 wherein the push-to-talk event comprises at least one of a software-generated push-to-talk event, a user input generated push-to-talk event, and a network-generated push-to-talk event.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. (canceled)
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. A method of installing one of a plurality of guards on a grinding machine with one of a plurality of grinder orifice plates, wherein the orifice plates have grinding openings, wherein the size of grinding openings on each plate varies between plates, comprising the act of providing a mounting arrangement that enables a guard having an open configuration to be used on an orifice plate having relatively small grinding openings and a guard having a closed configuration to be used on both an orifice plate having relatively small grinding openings and an orifice plate having relatively large grinding openings.
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. (canceled)
12. (canceled)
13. (canceled)

What is claimed is:

1. An electroluminescence device comprising:
an anode,
a cathode and
an organic light emitting layer put between the anode and the cathode in which
the anode contains a metal belonging to the group V or the group VI of the periodical table at least to a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer.
2. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein
the metal includes chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
3. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the work function of the metal is 4.8 eV or lower.
4. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
5. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein emission light from the organic light emitting layer is emitted mainly from the side of the cathode.
6. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anode comprises an alloy.
7. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic light emitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the anode.
8. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises a layer consisting of a metal and a transparent material.
9. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises MgAg.
10. An electroluminescence device comprising the following constitutions:
a substrate,
an anode formed on the substrate,
an organic light emitting layer formed on the anode and
a cathode formed on an organic light emitting layer, in which
the anode contains a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to at least a portion in contact with the organic light emission device.
11. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
12. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
13. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the anode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
14. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein emission light from the organic light emitting layer is mainly emitted from the side of the cathode.
15. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the anode comprises an alloy.
16. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the organic light emitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the anode.
17. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cathode comprises a layer composed of a metal and a transparent material.
18. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cathode comprises MgAg.
19. An electroluminescence device comprising:
scanning lines for selecting pixels,
data lines provided with luminance information for driving pixels,
a first transistor connected at a control terminal with the scanning lines,
a second transistor connected at a control terminal with the first transistor, and
a light emitting device connected with the second transistor in which
the light emitting device at least has an organic light emitting layer, a first electrode providing holes to the organic light emitting layer and a second electrode providing electrons to the organic light emitting layer, and
the first electrode contains a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to at least a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer.
20. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field effect transistors and a capacitance is connected with the control terminal of the second control terminal.
21. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the scanning lines and the data lines cross substantially vertical to each other.
22. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
23. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
24. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
25. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein light emission from the organic light emitting layer is emitted from the side of the second electrode mainly.
26. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
27. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
28. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
29. An electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the second electrode comprises MgAg.
30. An active matrix type electroluminescence device comprising:
scanning lines for selecting pixels,
data lines provided with luminance information for driving the pixels,
a first transistor connected at a control terminal with the scanning lines,
a second transistor connected at a control terminal with the first transistor, and
a light emitting device connected with the second transistor in which
the light emitting device at least has an organic light emitting layer, a first electrode providing holes to the organic light emitting layer and a second electrode providing electrons to the organic light emitting layer, and
the first electrode contains a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to at least a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer.
31. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field effect transistors and connected at the second control terminals with the capacitor.
32. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the scanning lines and the data lines cross substantially vertically to each other.
33. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
34. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
35. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
36. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein light emission from the organic light emitting layer is emitted mainly from the side of the second electrode
37. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
38. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
39. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
40. An active matrix type electroluminescence device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the second electrode comprises MgAg.
41. A display device comprising:
scanning lines for selecting pixels, and
data lines disposed substantially vertically relative to the scanning lines and provided with luminance information for driving the pixels in which
the pixel at least comprises an organic electroluminescence device having an anode containing a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table to a portion in contact with the organic light emitting layer, and a cathode disposed at a position opposing to the anode, a first active element controlled by the scanning lines and having a function of intaking luminance information provided from the data lines and a second active element having a function of controlling the current supplied to the organic electroluminescence device in accordance with the intaken luminance information,
the luminance information is taken into the pixels by applying electric signals in accordance with the luminance information to the data lines in a state where the data lines are selected, the luminance information taken in the pixel is maintained to the pixel even after the scanning line becomes no more selected, and the organic electroluminescence device maintains light emission at a luminance according to the luminance information.
42. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are field effect transistors and a capacitance is connected with the control terminal with the second control terminal.
43. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
44. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
45. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
46. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein light emission from the organic light emitting layer is emitted mainly from the side of the cathode.
47. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the anode comprises an alloy.
48. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first anode.
49. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the anode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
50. A display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the second electrode comprises MgAg.
51. A method of manufacturing an electroluminescence device comprising the following steps:
a step of forming a first electrode having a metal belonging to the group V or the group VI of the periodical table on a substrate:
a step of forming an organic light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the metal and
a step of forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer.
52. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the first electrode is in a tapered type.
53. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
54. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
55. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
56. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein first electrode has a higher reflectance than the second electrode.
57. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
58. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
59. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 51, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
60. A method of manufacturing an electroluminescence device comprising the following steps:
a step of forming a first electrode having a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table on a substrate,
a step of fabricating a first electrode,
a step of forming an insulative film on the first electrode,
a step of forming an opening in the insulative film and exposing the metal,
a step of forming an organic light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the metal through the opening and
a step of forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer.
61. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode is in a tapered type.
62. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
63. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the a metal has work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
64. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
65. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode has a higher reflectance than the second electrode.
66. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
67. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
68. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 60, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
69. A method of manufacturing an electroluminescence device comprising the following steps:
a step of forming a gate electrode on a substrate,
a step of forming a gate insulative film on the gate electrode,
a step of forming a semiconductor layer on the gate insulative film,
a step of forming an insulative film on the semiconductor layer,
a step of forming a first electrode having a metal belonging to the group V or group VI of the periodical table on the insulative film,
a step of forming an organic light emitting layer so as to be in contact with the metal and
a step of forming a second electrode on the organic light emitting layer.
70. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode is in a tapered type.
71. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the metal is chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum or niobium.
72. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the metal has a work function of 4.8 eV or lower.
73. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode has a reflectance of 40% or higher.
74. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode has a higher reflectance than the second electrode.
75. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the first electrode comprises an alloy.
76. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the organic light remitting layer has a hole transporting layer for transporting holes injected from the first electrode.
77. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the second electrode is constituted with a layer comprising a metal and a transparent material.
78. A manufacturing method as claimed in claim 69, wherein the substrate comprises glass and the gate insulative film has a thickness less than that of the insulative film described above.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A solid pigment preparation comprising as essential constituents
(A) 45% to 90% by weight of at least one color-conferring component comprising
(A1) 5% to 100% by weight of at least one pigment and
(A2) 0% to 95% by weight of at least one filler without self color,
(B) 5% to 50% by weight of at least one water-soluble surface-active additive selected from the group of alkylene oxide group containing additives (B1) and alkylene oxide group free additives (B2), the alkylene oxide group containing additive (B1) comprising at least 5% by weight of the pigment preparation, and
(C) 0.1% to 5% by weight of an antioxidant.
2. The pigment preparation according to claim 1 wherein said component (A1) comprises at least one inorganic pigment.
3. The pigment preparation according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said component (A1) comprises an inorganic pigment based on an iron oxide.
4. The pigment preparation according to claim 1 wherein said component (B1) comprises at least one water-soluble surface-active additive selected from the group of nonionic additives based on polyethers (B11), anionic additives based on acidic phosphoric, phosphonic, sulfuric andor sulfonic esters of polyethers (B12) and anionic additives based on alkoxylated polymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids (B13).
5. The pigment preparation according to claim 1 wherein said component (B2) comprises at least one water-soluble surface-active additive selected from the group of anionic additives based on nonalkoxylated polymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids (B21) and on polyurethanes (B22).
6. The pigment preparation according to claim 1 wherein said component (C) comprises at least one antioxidant selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, aromatic amines, thiosynergists, phosphites, phosphonites and sterically hindered amines.
7. A process for producing a pigment preparation according to claim 1, which comprises first wet-comminuting said pigment (A1) in aqueous suspension comprising said antioxidant (C) and some or all of said additive (B), optionally adding a filler (A2) to said suspension before or after said wet-comminuting of said pigment (A1) and then drying said suspension, optionally after the rest of said additive (B) has been added.
8. A process for coloration of a macromolecular organic or inorganic material, which comprises incorporating a pigment preparation according to claim 1 in said material by stirring or shaking.
9. The process according to claim 8 for coloration of coatings, paints, inks, printing inks, and finish systems where the liquid phase comprises water, organic solvents or mixtures of water and organic solvents.
10. A process for coloration of a plastics material, which comprises incorporating a pigment preparation according to claim 1 in said plastics material by extruding, rolling, kneading or milling.