All The Claims

1. A marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent, the anti-cancer agent comprising oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof, and the marker comprising one or more substances selected from the group consisting of an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, triethanolamine, 1-methylnicotinamide, NADH, NAD+, and a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.
2. The marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent according to claim 1, wherein the amino-acid-metabolism-related substance is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of Asp, Gly, Arg, N-acetyl-\u03b2-alanine, N-acetylornithine, cadaverine, cysteic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, GABA, \u03b3-Glu-Cys, 13-Ala-Lys, Glu-Glu, S-lactoylglutathione, N,N-dimethylglycine, 3-methylhistidine, N5-ethylglutamine, glutathione, and cysteine-glutathione.
3. The marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent according to claim 1, wherein the nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of guanosine, CMP, UMP, 1-methyladenosine, UDP, CTP, dATP, and adenine.
4. The marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent according to claim 1, wherein the substance in the pentose phosphate cycle pathway is sedoheptulose 7-phosphate andor PRPP.
5. The marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent according to claim 1, wherein the substance in the glycolytic pathway is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of dihydroxyacetone phosphate, 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, and pyruvic acid.
6. The marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent according to claim 1, wherein the substance in the TCA cycle is malic acid.
7. The marker for determining sensitivity to an anti-cancer agent according to claim 1, wherein the polyamine-metabolism-related substance is one or more substances selected from the group consisting of N1-acetylspermine, N-acetylputrescine, N8-acetylspermidine, putrescine, spermine, and spermidine.
8. A method for determining sensitivity of a subject to an anti-cancer agent, the anti-cancer agent comprising oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof, the method comprising measuring a level of the marker of claim 1 in a specimen derived from the subject.
9. The determination method according to claim 8, wherein the subject has cancer, and the specimen is a biological sample.
10. The determination method according to claim 8, wherein the subject has cancer, the specimen is a biological sample, and an anti-cancer agent comprising oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof has been administered to said subject.
11. A kit for carrying out the determination method as recited in claim 8, the kit comprising a protocol for measuring a level of the marker in a specimen derived from the subject.
12. The kit according to claim 11, wherein the subject has cancer, and the specimen is a biological sample.
13. The kit according to claim 11, wherein the subject has cancer, the specimen is a biological sample, and an anti-cancer agent comprising oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof has been administered to said subject.
14. A screening method for an anti-cancer agent sensitivity enhancer, the anti-cancer agent comprising oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof, the method comprising employing, as an index, variation in expression of the marker of claim 1.
15. An anti-cancer agent sensitivity enhancer, the anti-cancer agent comprising oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof, wherein the enhancer is selected through the method of claim 14.
16. A composition for cancer therapy, comprising the anti-cancer agent sensitivity enhancer of claim 15, and an anti-cancer agent comprising oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof.
17. The method of claim 9, wherein the cancer type is one or more selected from the group consisting of lip, oral, pharyngeal, gastrointestinal tract cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, respiratory cancer, pleural organ cancer, lung cancer, bone cancer, articular cartilage cancer, skin melanoma, squamous cell cancer, other skin cancers, mesothelial and soft tissue, mesothelioma, breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, prostatic cancer, urinary tract cancer, bladder cancer, eye, brain, and central nerve cancers, brain tumor, thyroid and endocrine cancer, lymphoid tissue, hematogeneous tissue, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphocytic leukemia, non-small-cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, squamous cell cancer, malignant lymphoma and metastatic cancers from these cancers as primary lesions.
18. The method of claim 8 where the measurement of the marker concentration is accomplished using one or more of mass spectroscopy, HPLC, immunological assay, biological assay, or gas chromatography.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An ESD protection device comprising:
a ceramic base material;
a pair of opposed electrodes including ends opposed to each other at a predetermined distance on a surface of or in the ceramic base material; and
a discharge auxiliary electrode film arranged to connect the pair of opposed electrodes; wherein
the discharge auxiliary electrode film contains, as its main constituents, metallic particles and glass covering the metallic particles.
2. An ESD protection device comprising:
a pair of opposed electrodes including ends opposed to each other at a predetermined distance on a surface of a ceramic base material; and
a discharge auxiliary electrode film arranged to extend continuously so as to cover each of the pair of opposed electrodes partially, and cover a region located at the surface of the ceramic base material and between the pair of opposed electrodes; wherein
the discharge auxiliary electrode film contains, as its main constituents, metallic particles and glass covering the metallic particles.
3. An ESD protection device comprising:
a pair of opposed electrodes including ends opposed to each other at a predetermined distance in a ceramic base material; and
a discharge auxiliary electrode film provided in the ceramic base material so as to connect the pair of opposed electrodes; wherein
a cavity section is provided in the ceramic base material;
the pair of opposed electrodes include a first region located where the ends are opposed to each other and on the ceramic base material facing the cavity section;
the discharge auxiliary electrode film contains, as its main constituents, metallic particles and glass covering the metallic particles, and connects the pair of opposed electrodes, the discharge auxiliary electrode film is arranged to cover at least a second region located between the pair of opposed electrodes and the first region located on the ceramic base material facing the cavity section.
4. The ESD protection device according to claim 1, wherein a barrier layer containing inorganic insulating material particles as its main constituent is provided between the discharge auxiliary electrode film and the ceramic base material.
5. The ESD protection device according to claim 1, wherein the discharge auxiliary electrode film also includes an inorganic oxide at a ratio of about 5 volume % to about 30 volume % relative to a combination of the metallic particles, the glass, and the inorganic oxide.
6. The ESD protection device according to claim 1, wherein the discharge auxiliary electrode film also includes a semiconductor powder at a ratio of about 5 volume % to about 50 volume % relative to a combination of the metallic particles and the semiconductor powder.
7. The ESD protection device according to claim 1, wherein the metallic particles include Cu.
8. The ESD protection device according to claim 1, wherein the opposed electrodes and the discharge auxiliary electrode film are located on the surface of the ceramic base material, and a protective film is provided on the discharge auxiliary electrode film.
9. The ESD protection device according to claim 8, wherein the protective film includes a same type of glass as the glass covering the metallic particles.
10. The ESD protection device according to claim 1, wherein the pair of opposed electrodes are disposed on a common plane so as to be coplanar with one another.
11. The ESD protection device according to claim 2, wherein the pair of opposed electrodes are disposed on a common plane so as to be coplanar with one another.
12. The ESD protection device according to claim 2, wherein a barrier layer containing inorganic insulating material particles as its main constituent is provided between the discharge auxiliary electrode film and the ceramic base material.
13. The ESD protection device according to claim 2, wherein the discharge auxiliary electrode film also includes an inorganic oxide at a ratio of about 5 volume % to about 30 volume % relative to a combination of the metallic particles, the glass, and the inorganic oxide.
14. The ESD protection device according to claim 2, wherein the discharge auxiliary electrode film also includes a semiconductor powder at a ratio of about 5 volume % to about 50 volume % relative to a combination of the metallic particles and the semiconductor powder.
15. The ESD protection device according to claim 2, wherein the opposed electrodes and the discharge auxiliary electrode film are located on the surface of the ceramic base material, and a protective film is provided on the discharge auxiliary electrode film.
16. The ESD protection device according to claim 15, wherein the protective film includes a same type of glass as the glass covering the metallic particles.
17. The ESD protection device according to claim 3, wherein the pair of opposed electrodes are disposed on a common plane so as to be coplanar with one another.
18. The ESD protection device according to claim 3, wherein a barrier layer containing inorganic insulating material particles as its main constituent is provided between the discharge auxiliary electrode film and the ceramic base material.
19. The ESD protection device according to claim 3, wherein the discharge auxiliary electrode film also includes an inorganic oxide at a ratio of about 5 volume % to about 30 volume % relative to a combination of the metallic particles, the glass, and the inorganic oxide.
20. The ESD protection device according to claim 3, wherein the discharge auxiliary electrode film also includes a semiconductor powder at a ratio of about 5 volume % to about 50 volume % relative to a combination of the metallic particles and the semiconductor powder.

What is claimed is:

1. A cover layer for engine compartment lining comprising:
at least one binder-bonded nonwoven layer, the nonwoven layer being bonded using a binder having a thermoplastic behavior in the temperature range of 20 to 200 C. and a thermosetting behavior above 200 C.
2. The cover layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the binder is capable of condensing upon crosslinking and being pre-crosslinked at a temperature of up to 200 C. and cured at a temperature above 200 C.
3. The cover layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the binder is selected from the group of the acrylic acid copolymers or ter-polymers with styrene, butadiene, andor acrylonitrile.
4. The cover layer as recited in claim 3, wherein the binder is selected from the group of the acrylic acid copolymers with styrene.
5. The cover layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the binder contains flame retardant agents, water repellent agents, andor oil repellent agents.
6. The cover layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the nonwoven layer includes halogen-free and heavy metal-free phosphorous compounds containing nitrogen as a flame retardant.
7. The cover layer as recited in claim 6, wherein the flame retardant is a nitrogen-containing phosphonic acid derivative having an elemental content of 10 wt. % of nitrogen and 5 wt. % of phosphorous.
8. The cover layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the nonwoven layer includes rayon fibers, polyester fibers, cellulose fibers, polyamide fibers, polyolefine fibers, andor pre-oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers.
9. The cover layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the cover layer has a mass per unit area of 20 gm2 to 200 gm2, and the nonwoven layer includes fibers in a weight ratio between the fibers employed per square meter and the binder employed per square meter being in the range of 0.5:1 to 2:0.5.
10. The cover layer as recited in claim 1, further comprising a coating on one side of the nonwoven layer, the coating including a hot-setting adhesive made of a polyolefin resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin, or melamine resin.
11. A method for manufacturing a cover layer as recited in claim 1 the method comprising the steps of:
combining staple fibers having a length of 20 mm to 200 mm and a fiber count of 0.8 to 40 decitex to form a nonwoven having a mass per unit area of 10 gm2 to 200 gm2; and
impregnating the non-woven using a binder which has a thermoplastic behavior in the temperature range of 20 to 200 C. and a thermosetting behavior above 200 C.
12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the binder is applied in the form of foam.
13. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the formation of the nonwoven takes place in such a way that a ratio of the flexibility across the machine direction to the flexibility in the machine direction is in the range of 4:1 to 1:2.
14. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising applying a hot-setting adhesive layer is applied to the nonwoven layer in such a quantity that represents at least 10% of a base material composed of the nonwoven and the binder.
15. The method as recited in claim 14, wherein the base material includes flame retardant agents, water repellent agents, andor oil repellent agents.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A compound, which is represented by a following General Formula (1),
wherein
in General Formula (1), R1 to R3 are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R1 to R3 may be the same or different from each other.
2. The compound according to claim 1, which is represented by a following Structural Formula.
3. The compound according to claim 2, wherein the compound is plant derived.
4. A flame retardant comprising the compound according to claim 1.
5. A resin composition comprising resin and the flame retardant according to claim 4.
6. A resin composition containing aromatic polyester, a styrene polymer, a dripping inhibitor, and the flame retardant according to claim 4, wherein
a content of the aromatic polyester is 40 wt % or more and 90 wt % or less when a total weight of the resin composition is 100 wt %,
a content of the styrene polymer is 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less when the total weight of the resin composition is 100 wt %,
a content of the dripping inhibitor is 0.1 wt % or more and 1.0 wt % or less when the total weight of the resin composition is 100 wt %, and
a content of the flame retardant is 10 wt % or more and 25 wt % or less when the total weight of the flame retardant composition is 100 wt %.
7. The resin composition according to claim 6, wherein the aromatic polyester is aromatic polycarbonate.
8. The resin composition according to claim 6, wherein the styrene polymer is an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer or an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer.
9. The resin composition according to claim 6, wherein the dripping inhibitor is a compound containing polytetrafluoroethylene.
10. A molded article, which is obtained by molding the resin composition according to claim 6.
11. The molded article according to claim 10, wherein the aromatic polyester and the styrene polymer are obtained from recovered resin.
12. The molded article according to claim 10, wherein flame retardancy is equal to or higher than V-1 in a V test of UL94 standard.
13. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
a photoconductor; and
a housing for accommodating the photoconductor, wherein

the housing is the molded article according to claim 10.
14. A resin composition comprising resin and a flame retardant, wherein the frame retardant is the compound according to claim 3.
15. A resin composition containing aromatic polyester, a styrene polymer, a dripping inhibitor, and a flame retardant; the frame retardant is the compound according to claim 3, wherein
a content of the aromatic polyester is 40 wt % or more and 90 wt % or less when a total weight of the resin composition is 100 wt %,
a content of the styrene polymer is 5 wt % or more and 30 wt % or less when the total weight of the resin composition is 100 wt %,
a content of the dripping inhibitor is 0.1 wt % or more and 1.0 wt % or less when the total weight of the resin composition is 100 wt %, and
a content of the flame retardant is 10 wt % or more and 25 wt % or less when the total weight of the flame retardant composition is 100 wt %.
16. A method for manufacturing a resin composition containing aromatic polyester, a styrene polymer, a fluorine compound, and a flame retardant represented by a following General Formula (1), the method comprising:
mixing the aromatic polyester with a weight of 40% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less, the styrene polymer with a weight of 5% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less, the dripping inhibitor with a weight of 0.1% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less, and the flame retardant with a weight of 10% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less based on 100% by weight of the total weight of the resin composition; and then
heating the aromatic polyester, the styrene polymer, the dripping inhibitor, and the flame retardant.
wherein
in General Formula (1), R1 to R3 are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R1 to R3 may be the same or different from each other.
17. A method for manufacturing a molded article containing a flame retardant composition, the method comprising:
preparing a flame retardant composition, and
molding the flame retardant composition, wherein
the flame retardant composition is obtained by the method for manufacturing a flame retardant composition according to claim 16.
18. The method for manufacturing a molded article according to claim 17, wherein the molding of the flame retardant composition is extrusion molding or injection molding.