All The Claims

1. A method for converting a diesel engine from a horizontal shaft configuration to a vertical shaft configuration, the engine having at least one cylinder and a piston operational in the cylinder in a plane normal to an axis of the shaft, an intake valve and an exhaust valve positioned at a top of the cylinder and an oil reservoir located below the cylinder, the piston being connected in driving relationship to the shaft and a passageway extending from the area of the oil reservoir to an operating mechanism for the intake and exhaust valves whereby the mechanism is lubricated by splashing of oil from the oil reservoir through the passageway, the method comprising:
blocking the passageway from the oil reservoir to the mechanism; and
providing a secondary controlled flow corridor to direct a spray of oil to the mechanism.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the secondary flow corridor couples a pressurized source of oil to the mechanism.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the pressurized source comprises an oil pump.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of blocking includes blocking the passageway and an oil return line.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the passageway collects oil after lubrication of the mechanism.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A rotary fluid machine comprising:
a cylinder having an annular cylinder chamber formed as a space between a cylindrical inner periphery and a cylindrical outer periphery of the annular cylinder chamber;
an annular piston disposed in the cylinder chamber to be eccentric to the cylinder, the annular piston dividing the cylinder chamber into an outer working chamber and an inner working chamber, the annular piston having a cylindrical inner piston surface facing the inner periphery of the cylinder chamber and a cylindrical outer piston surface facing the outer periphery of the cylinder chamber; and
a blade arranged in the cylinder chamber, the blade extending in a radius direction from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the cylinder chamber to divide each of the outer and inner working chambers into a high pressure region and a low pressure region, the cylinder and the piston making relative rotations,
the cylinder chamber having a radial width measured between the inner and outer peripheries of the cylinder chamber that is varied about a circumference of the cylinder chamber such that a gap between the inner periphery of the cylinder chamber and the inner piston surface of the piston and a gap between the outer periphery of the cylinder chamber and the outer piston surface of the piston are kept substantially smallest during a full rotation, with a difference in fluid pressure between the outer working chamber and the inner working chamber taking place in the full rotation.
2. A rotary fluid machine comprising:
a cylinder having an annular cylinder chamber formed as a space between a cylindrical inner periphery and a cylindrical outer periphery of the annular cylinder chamber;
an annular piston disposed in the cylinder chamber to be eccentric relative to the cylinder, the annular piston dividing the cylinder chamber into an outer working chamber and an inner working chamber, the annular piston having a cylindrical inner piston surface facing the inner periphery of the cylinder chamber and a cylindrical outer piston surface facing the outer periphery of the cylinder chamber; and
a blade arranged in the cylinder chamber, the blade extending in a radius direction from the outer periphery to the inner periphery of the cylinder chamber to divide each of the outer and inner working chambers into a high pressure region and a low pressure region, the cylinder and the piston making relative rotations without spinning by themselves,
the piston having a radial width measured between the inner and outer piston surfaces that is varied about a circumference of the piston such that a gap between the inner periphery of the cylinder chamber and the inner piston surface of the piston and a gap between the outer periphery of the cylinder chamber and the outer piston surface of the piston are kept substantially smallest during a full rotation, with a difference in fluid pressure between the outer working chamber and the inner working chamber taking place in the full rotation.
3. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 2, wherein
the cylinder chamber has a width that is varied along a circumference of the cylinder chamber such that the gap between the wall surface of the cylinder and the wall surface of the piston is kept to a predetermined value during the rotations.
4. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 3, wherein
the blade has a center line that is a starting point of the circumference of the cylinder chamber, a width of a part of the cylinder chamber ranging from the starting point to a point at a rotation angle of 180\xb0 from the starting point is larger than a width of another part of the cylinder chamber ranging from the 180\xb0 point to a point at a rotation angle less than 360\xb0 from the starting point.
5. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 4, wherein
a center of an inner circumference of the cylinder chamber is deviated from a center of the outer circumference of the cylinder chamber when viewed along a longitudinal axis of the cylinder chamber.
6. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 3, wherein
the cylinder chamber is divided into four regions about the circumference thereof such that the cylinder chamber has regions that are wider than other regions formed in a continuous and alternate manner therebetween.
7. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 2, wherein
the piston and the blade make relative swings at a predetermined swing center, and
the swing center of the blade and the piston is a starting point of the circumference of the piston, a width of a part of the piston ranging from the starting point to a point at a rotation angle of 180\xb0 from the starting point is smaller than a width of another part of the piston ranging from the 180\xb0 point to a point at a rotation angle of 360\xb0 from the starting point.
8. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 7, wherein
a center of an inner circumference of the piston is deviated from a center of the outer circumference of the piston when viewed along a longitudinal axis of the piston.
9. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 2, wherein
the piston and the blade make relative swings at a predetermined swing center and
the piston is divided into four regions about the circumference thereof such that the piston has two regions that are narrower than two other regions formed in a continuous and alternate manner therebetween.
10. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 1, wherein
the annular piston is C-shaped to form a gap,
the blade extends from an inner wall surface to an outer wall surface of the cylinder chamber and passes through the gap of the piston, and
a swing bushing is provided in the gap of the piston to contact the piston and the blade via the surfaces thereof such that the blade freely reciprocates and the blade and the piston make relative swings.
11. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 1, wherein
the blade has a center line that is a starting point of the circumference of the cylinder chamber, a width of a part of the cylinder chamber ranging from the starting point to a point at a rotation angle of 180\xb0 from the starting point is larger than a width of another part of the cylinder chamber ranging from the 180\xb0 point to a point at a rotation angle less than 360\xb0 from the starting point.
12. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 11, wherein
a center of an inner circumference of the cylinder chamber is deviated from a center of the outer circumference of the cylinder chamber when viewed along a longitudinal axis of the cylinder chamber.
13. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 3, wherein
the cylinder chamber is divided into four regions about the circumference thereof such that the cylinder chamber has two regions that are wider than two other regions formed in a continuous and alternate manner therebetween.
14. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 3, wherein
the piston and the blade make relative swings at a predetermined swing center, and
the swing center of the blade and the piston is a starting point of the circumference of the piston, a width of a part of the piston ranging from the starting point to a point at a rotation angle of 180\xb0 from the starting point is smaller than a width of another part of the piston ranging from the 180\xb0 point to a point at a rotation angle of 360\xb0 from the starting point.
15. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 14, wherein
a center of an inner circumference of the piston is deviated from a center of the outer circumference of the piston when viewed along a longitudinal axis of the piston.
16. The rotary fluid machine according to claim 3, wherein
the piston and the blade make relative swings at a predetermined swing center, and
the piston is divided into four regions about the circumference thereof such that the piston has two regions that are narrower than two other regions formed in a continuous and alternate manner therebetween.

1. A liquid crystal display comprising:
a preliminary data line for receiving a preliminary data signal;
a dual data signal generator, electrically coupled to the preliminary data line, for generating a first data signal and a second data signal based on the preliminary data signal;
a first data line electrically couple to the dual data signal generator for receiving the first data signal;
a second data line electrically couple to the dual data signal generator for receiving the second data signal;
a gate line for receiving a gate signal; and
a pixel unit comprising:
a first sub-pixel unit electrically coupled to the first data line for receiving the first data signal; and
a second sub-pixel unit electrically coupled to the second data line for receiving the second data signal.
2. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the dual data signal generator comprises:
a voltage converter, electrically coupled between the preliminary data line and the second data line, for converting the preliminary data signal into the second data signal; and
a transmission line electrically coupled between the preliminary data line and the first data line.
3. The liquid crystal display of claim 2, wherein the voltage converter comprises:
a first resistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the preliminary data line and a second end electrically coupled to the second data line; and
a second resistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the first resistor and a second end for receiving a common voltage.
4. The liquid crystal display of claim 2, wherein the voltage converter comprises:
a first transistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the preliminary data line, a second end electrically coupled to the second data line, and a gate for receiving a first gate signal; and
a second transistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the first transistor, a second end for receiving a common voltage, and a gate for receiving a second gate signal.
5. The liquid crystal display of claim 4, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are thin film transistors or metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) field effect transistors.
6. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the dual data signal generator comprises:
a first voltage converter, electrically coupled between the preliminary data line and the first data line, for converting the preliminary data signal into the first data signal; and
a second voltage converter, electrically coupled between the preliminary data line and the second data line, for converting the preliminary data signal into the second data signal.
7. The liquid crystal display of claim 6, wherein the first voltage converter comprises:
a first resistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the preliminary data line and a second end electrically coupled to the first data line; and
a second resistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the first resistor and a second end for receiving a common voltage.
8. The liquid crystal display of claim 6, wherein the first voltage converter comprises:
a first transistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the preliminary data line, a second end electrically coupled to the first data line, and a gate for receiving a first gate signal; and
a second transistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the first transistor, a second end for receiving a common voltage, and a gate for receiving a second gate signal.
9. The liquid crystal display of claim 8, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are thin film transistors or MOS field effect transistors.
10. The liquid crystal display of claim 6, wherein the second voltage converter comprises:
a first resistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the preliminary data line and a second end electrically coupled to the second data line; and
a second resistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the first resistor and a second end for receiving a common voltage.
11. The liquid crystal display of claim 6, wherein the second voltage converter comprises:
a first transistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the preliminary data line, a second end electrically coupled to the second data line, and a gate for receiving a first gate signal; and
a second transistor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the first transistor, a second end for receiving a common voltage, and a gate for receiving a second gate signal.
12. The liquid crystal display of claim 11, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are thin film transistors or MOS field effect transistors.
13. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein:
the first sub-pixel unit comprises:
a first switch comprising a first end electrically coupled to the first data line for receiving the first data signal, a gate electrically coupled to the gate line for receiving the gate signal, and a second end; and
a first liquid-crystal capacitor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the first switch and a second end for receiving a common voltage; and

the second sub-pixel unit comprises:
a second switch comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second data line for receiving the second data signal, a gate electrically coupled to the gate line for receiving the gate signal, and a second end; and
a second liquid-crystal capacitor comprising a first end electrically coupled to the second end of the second switch and a second end for receiving the common voltage.
14. The liquid crystal display of claim 13, wherein the first switch and the second switch are thin film transistors or MOS field effect transistors.
15. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, further comprising:
a source driver, electrically coupled to the preliminary data line, for providing the preliminary data signal; and
a gate driver, electrically coupled to the gate line, for providing the gate signal.
16. The liquid crystal display of claim 15, wherein the source driver comprises:
a digital-to-analog converter, electrically coupled to the preliminary data line, for performing a digital-to-analog operation on a digital image signal so as to generate the preliminary data signal.
17. The liquid crystal display of claim 16, further comprising:
a gamma voltage generator, electrically coupled to the digital-to-analog converter of the source driver, for providing a plurality of gamma voltages to the digital-to-analog converter;
wherein the digital-to-analog converter generates the preliminary data signal through performing the digital-to-analog operation on the digital image signal according to the plurality of gamma voltages.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A system for effectively reducing pollutants from a gas stream comprising:
a first set of mixing equipment adapted to admix a hydroxide with a gas stream to create a first admixture in which carbon dioxide in the gas stream can react with a hydroxide to produce a bicarbonate product or a combination of bicarbonate and carbonate products in a first liquid outflow and
a second set of mixing equipment adapted admix a hypochlorite and the bicarbonate product or the combination of bicarbonate and carbonate products with the gas stream to create a second admixture in which nitrogen-based or sulfur-based acid gases can react with the hypochlorite and the bicarbonate product or the combination of bicarbonate and carbonate products to produce nitrate or sulfate products in a second liquid outflow,

wherein a gas stream flows through the second set of mixing equipment before at least a portion of the gas stream flows through the first set of mixing equipment.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a conduit adapted to transfer the liquid outflow to the second set of mixing equipment to create the second admixture.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a chlor-alkali cell adapted to electrochemically produce the hydroxide with a protonated brine solution, wherein the chlor-alkali cell is in fluid communication with the first set of mixing equipment.
4. The system of claim 3, further comprising a third set of mixing equipment adapted to admix hydroxide from the chlor-alkali cell with chlorine gas from the chlor-alkali cell, wherein the chlor-alkali cell is in fluid communication with the third set of mixing equipment and wherein the third set of mixing equipment is in fluid communication with the second set of mixing equipment.
5. The system of claim 3, further comprising a fourth set of mixing equipment adapted to admix hydroxide from the chlor-alkali cell with the gas stream before at least a portion of the gas stream flows through the first set of mixing equipment.
6. The system of claim 3, further comprising a burner adapted to combust hydrogen gas and chlorine gas from the chlor-alkali cell to produce hydrochloric acid.
7. The system of claim 4, wherein at least a portion of the hydrochloric acid is in communication with the chlor-alkali cell to protonate a brine solution.
8. (canceled)
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the acid gases are selected from NOc, SOx, SOx and H2S.
10. The system of claim 9, further comprising a fifth set of mixing equipment adapted to convert the sulfate or nitrate products to ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the acid gases are selected from SOx and H2S.
12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a fifth set of mixing equipment adapted to separate the sulfate products from the second liquid outflow and form calcium sulfate in solid form.
13. (canceled)
14. (canceled)
15. The system of claim 1, wherein the second admixture comprises about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight of hypochlorite and about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight of bicarbonate.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the molar ratio of hypochlorite to bicarbonate is about 1:1 to about 5:1.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein the first set of mixing equipment comprises two phases:
a first phase adapted to admix the hydroxide with a portion of the gas stream exiting the second set of mixing equipment to produce carbonate products in a first phase liquid outflow and
a second phase adapted to admix the first phase liquid outflow with another portion of the gas stream exiting the second set of mixing equipment to produce bicarbonate products in the first liquid outflow.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the hypochlorite is in the form of sodium hypochlorite and the hydroxide is in the form of sodium hydroxide.
19. A method of using the system of claim 1 to reduce an amount of pollutants from a gas stream comprising
(a) obtaining a hydroxide in an aqueous mixture;
(b) obtaining a hypochlorite in an aqueous mixture;
(c) admixing the hydroxide with carbon dioxide in the gas stream to produce bicarbonate products or a combination of carbonate and bicarbonate products in a first admixture, thereby sequestering the carbon dioxide in a mineral product form; and
(d) admixing the hypochlorite and at least a portion of the bicarbonate products or a combination of carbonate and bicarbonate products from the first admixture with a sulfur-based or nitrogen-based acid gas in the gas stream to produce nitrate or sulfate product in a second admixture, thereby sequestering the acid gas.
20. (canceled)
21. The method of claim 19, wherein obtaining the hydroxide comprises:
obtaining a group-1 or group-2 salt;
admixing the salt with acid and water, acid and steam, or acid, water, and steam to produce a protonated salt solution; and electrolyzing the protonated salt solution to produce the hydroxide, a hydrogen gas, and a chlorine gas; and

wherein obtaining the hypochlorite comprises:
admixing the hydroxide with the chlorine gas to produce the hypochlorite.
22. (canceled)
23. The method of claim 21, further comprising obtaining the hydroxide in a second aqueous mixture and spraying the aqueous mixture to admix with the gas stream before the gas stream is admixed in step (c) and after the gas stream is admixed in step (d).
24. The method of claim 21, further comprising obtaining the hydroxide in a second aqueous mixture and spraying the aqueous mixture to admix with the gas stream before the gas stream is admixed in step (c) and step (d).
25. The method of claim 21, further comprising reacting the hydrogen gas and the chlorine gas to produce hydrochloric acid and wherein the protonated salt solution comprises at least a portion of the hydrochloric acid.
26-39. (canceled)