1. An allergen reducing method comprising spraying an allergen-reducing agent comprising water and a water-soluble polymer compound having units having hydroxy or carboxy groups wherein at least a part of hydrogen atoms of the hydroxy or carboxy groups are substituted by groups represented by the following formula (1):
\u2014R1a\u2014(OR1b)p-A-R1c\u2003\u2003(1)
wherein R1a is a C1 to C6 alkylene group which may be substituted with a hydroxy or oxo group, R1b is a C1 to C6 alkylene group, R1c is a group selected from the group consisting of a C4 to C30 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, a C1 to C5 sulfoalkyl group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and a hydrocarbon group which has a steroid skeleton, A is a group selected from the group consisting of \u2014O\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014 and \u2014COO\u2014, p is 0 to 50 (average number of moles added), and (OR1b) moles whose number is p may be the same or different, into space.
2. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble compound comprises monomer units (a1) and (a2) represented by the following formulae (2) and (3), respectively, a molar ratio of (a1)(a2) is 11500 to 30100 and a ratio of (a1) and (a2) in total in the molecule is 50 to 100 mol %:
wherein R2a is a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C3 alkyl group, R2b is a group selected from a hydrogen atom and \u2014COOM, M being a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom, R2c is a group selected from a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group and a hydroxy group, R2d is a C1 to C6 alkylene group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, R2e is a C1 to C6 alkylene group, R2f is a C4 to C30 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, B is a group selected from \u2014O\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014 and \u2014CONR2g\u2014, R2g being a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group or a C1 to C3 hydroxyalkyl group, E is a group selected from \u2014O\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014 and \u2014COO\u2014, q is 0 to 50 (average number of moles added), and (OR2e) moles whose number is q may be the same or different;
wherein R3e is a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C3 alkyl group, R3b is a group selected from a hydrogen atom and \u2014COOM, M being a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom, R3c is a group selected from a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group and a hydroxy group, G is \u2014COOM, \u2014OH, -T-(R3dO)c\u2014H, \u2014CON(R3e)(R3f), \u2014COO\u2014R3g\u2014N+(R3h)(R3i)(R3j).X\u2212, \u2014COO\u2014R3g\u2014N(R3h)(R3j), \u2014CON(R3e)\u2014R3g\u2014N+(R3h)(R3i)(R3j).X\u2212, \u2014CON(R3e)(R3h)(R3j) or a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group having at least one amino or amide group in the ring, M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom, T is a group selected from \u2014O\u2014 and \u2014COO\u2014, R3d is a C1 to C6 alkylene group, R3e, R3f, R3h, R3i and R3j each represent a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C3 alkyl group or a C1 to C3 hydroxyalkyl group, R3g is a C1 to C5 alkylene group, X\u2212 represents an organic or inorganic anionic group, c is 0 to 50 (average number of moles added) and (R3dO) moles whose number is c may be the same or different.
3. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble polymer compound comprises unit (a3) of the following formula (4) andor the following formula (5) and unit (a4) of the following formula (6) andor the following formula (7), a molar ratio of (a4)(a3) is 11500 to 30100 a ratio of (a3) and (a4) in total in the molecule is 50 to 100 mol %:
wherein J and M are a group selected from \u2014O\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014 and \u2014COO\u2014, R6a and R7a are a C1 to C6 alkylene group, R6b and R7b are a C1 to C6 alkylene group, R6c and R7c are a C4 to C30 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, L and Q are a group selected from \u2014O\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014 and \u2014COO\u2014, and r and s are 0 to 50 (average number of moles added), and (OR6b) moles whose number is r or (OR7b) moles whose number is s may be the same or different.
4. The allergen-reducing method of claim 1, wherein said allergen-reducing agent is contained in a spray container provided with a spray device.
5. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer compound is cellulose, starch or a derivative thereof.
6. An allergen-reducing method comprising spraying or applying an allergen-reducing agent onto a surface of an object,
wherein said allergen-reducing agent comprises water and a water-soluble polymer compound having units having hydroxy or carboxy groups wherein at least a part of hydrogen atoms of the hydroxy or carboxy groups are substituted by groups represented by the following formula (1):
\u2014R1a\u2014(OR1b)p-A-R1c\u2003\u2003(1)
wherein R1a is a C1 to C6 alkylene group which may be substituted with a hydroxy or oxo group, R1b is a C1 to C6 alkylene group, R1c is a group selected from the group consisting of a C4 to C30 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, a C1 to C5 sulfoalkyl group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and a hydrocarbon group which has a steroid skeleton, A is a group selected from the group consisting of \u2014O\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014 and \u2014COO\u2014, p is 0 to 50 (average number of moles added), and (OR1b) moles whose number is p may be the same or different.
7. The allergen-reducing method of claim 6, further comprising cleaning by vacuuming or sweeping cleaning.
8. A cleaning method which comprises wiping the surface of an object with an allergen-reducing sheet having a flexible sheet impregnated with an allergen-reducing agent comprising water and a water-soluble polymer compound having units having hydroxy or carboxy groups wherein at least a part of hydrogen atoms of the hydroxy or carboxy groups are substituted by groups represented by the following formula (1):
\u2014R1a\u2014(OR1b)p-A-R1c\u2003\u2003(1)
wherein R1a is a C1 to C6 alkylene group which may be substituted with a hydroxy or oxo group, R1b is a C1 to C6 alkylene group, R1c is a group selected from the group consisting of a C4 to C30 hydrocarbon group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, a C1 to C5 sulfoalkyl group which may be substituted with a hydroxy group, and a hydrocarbon group which has a steroid skeleton, A is a group selected from the group consisting of \u2014O\u2014, \u2014OCO\u2014 and \u2014COO\u2014, p is 0 to 50 (average number of moles added), and (OR1b) moles whose number is p may be the same or different and cleaning by vacuuming or sweeping cleaning.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the polymer compound is cellulose, starch or a derivative thereof.
10. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein water comprise 60-99.995 wt. % of said allergen-reducing agent.
11. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein said allergen-reducing agent further comprises a water-soluble organic solvent.
12. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 11, wherein said water-soluble organic solvent forms an azeotropic mixture with water having an azeotropic point of lower than 100\xb0 C. with water at 1013.25 hPa.
13. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 11, wherein said water-soluble organic solvent is contained in amount of 0.5 to 20 wt. %.
14. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein said allergen-reducing agent further comprise a repellent against arthropods.
15. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein said water-soluble polymer compound is contained in an amount of 0.005 to 10 wt. %.
16. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein said water is substantially free from compounds which can act as allergens.
17. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein said water is sterilized.
18. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 11, wherein said water-soluble organic solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of ethanol, cyclohexane, 2-butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexane, toluene, 1-butanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-hexanol, hexane, 1-heptanol, 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol.
19. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 14, wherein said repellent against arthropods is present in an amount of 0.001 to 2 wt. %.
20. The allergen-reducing method according to claim 1, wherein said allergen-reducing agent further comprises a sterilizing agent.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method comprising:
analyzing a first decoding error associated with first interleaved data during a first time interval; and
analyzing a second decoding error associated with second interleaved data during a second time interval, wherein the second time interval at least begins before making a first decision whether to erase a first element associated with the first interleaved data.
2. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein the first element associated with the first interleaved data is at least one of a word, a byte or a bit.
3. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein analyzing the first decoding error and the second decoding error are performed independently.
4. A method as defined in claim 1, further comprising making a second decision whether to erase a second element associated with the first interleaved data prior to a beginning of the second time interval.
5. (canceled)
6. A method as defined in claim 1, wherein analyzing the first decoding error associated with the first interleaved data comprises:
decoding a first codeword associated with the first interleaved data;
receiving a first error indication for a second element of the first codeword; and
deciding whether to erase the first element based on the first error indication, the first element associated with a second codeword.
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. A method as defined in claim 6, wherein deciding whether to erase the first element based on the first error indication comprises:
determining a count of decoded codeword elements associated with the first interleaved data;
adding the first error indication to a count of errors;
determining a ratio of the count of errors and the count; and
erasing the first element if the ratio exceeds a threshold.
10. (canceled)
11. A method as defined in claim 6, further comprising:
de-interleaving data received in at least the first and second interleaved data to obtain the first and the second codewords; and
decoding the second codeword based upon the erasure decision for the first element.
12-21. (canceled)
22. An apparatus comprising:
a forward error correction (FEC) decoder to decode a first codeword and to provide a first error indication for the first codeword;
an erasure forecaster to make an erasure decision for a second codeword based on the first error indication; and
an erasure forecasting state table including a first field associated with first interleaved data and a second field associated with second interleaved data, the second codeword containing a first element from the first interleaved data and a second element from the second interleaved data.
23. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein forward error correction (FEC) decoder is a Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder supporting erasure decoding.
24. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein the element of the first interleaved data is at least one of a word, a byte or a bit.
25. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, further comprising a byte-to-symbol mapper to determine which of the first and the second interleaved data is associated with a third element of the second codeword.
26. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein the first field contains at least one of a count of decoded elements, a count of the errored elements, an erasure decision state or a frame number.
27. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, wherein the first field contains a count of decoded elements and the erasure forecasting state table further includes a third field that contains a count of errored elements associated with the first interleaved data, and a fourth field that contains an erasure decision state associated with the first interleaved data.
28. (canceled)
29. (canceled)
30. An apparatus as defined in claim 22, further comprising:
a receiver to process a received DMT symbol to extract an interleaved codeword; and
a de-interleaver to de-interleaver the interleaved codeword to form the first and the second codewords.
31. An article of manufacture storing machine accessible instructions which, when executed, cause a machine to:
decide during a first time interval whether to erase a first element of a first codeword, the first element received in a first data frame;
decide during the first time interval whether to erase a second element of the first codeword, the second element received in a second frame; and
decode the first codeword during a second time interval using the erasure decisions for the first and second elements, the second time interval occurring after the first time interval.
32. An article of manufacture as defined in claim 31, wherein the machine accessible instructions, when executed, cause the machine to:
decode a second codeword during a third time interval that precedes the first time interval; and
determine during the first time interval whether an error occurs in a third element of the second codeword, the third element received in the second frame, and wherein deciding whether to erase the second element is based upon the determined error of the third element.
33. An article of manufacture as defined in claim 31, wherein the machine accessible instructions, when executed, cause the machine to decide during the first time interval whether to erase the first element of the first codeword by:
determining if an error occurs in a fourth element of a second codeword, the fourth element received in the first frame; and
deciding whether to erase the first element based upon the determined error of the fourth element.
34. An article of manufacture as defined in claim 31, wherein the machine accessible instructions, when executed, cause the machine to decide during the first time interval whether to erase the first element of the first codeword by making a final decision during a third time interval to erase all elements associated with the first frame, the third time interval preceding the first time interval.
35. An article of manufacture as defined in claim 31, wherein the machine accessible instructions, when executed, cause the machine to decode the second codeword based upon the determined erasures of the second elements of the first and the second frames.
36. An article of manufacture as defined in claim 31, wherein the machine accessible instructions, when executed, cause the machine to decide during the first time interval whether to erase the first element of the first codeword by:
determining if the first frame is corrupted; and
erasing the first element if the first frame is corrupted.
37. (canceled)