All The Claims

1. A method of controlling air flow in an air brake valve having a supply cavity, an exhaust port and a delivery cavity, comprising:
communicating a majority of the air from the supply cavity to the delivery cavity approximately across a generally central axis of a flow diverter when the pressure of the air in the supply cavity is greater than the pressure of the air in the delivery cavity;
diverting communication of the air when the pressure of the air in the delivery cavity is greater than the pressure of the air in the supply cavity so that a majority of the air from the delivery cavity flows to the exhaust port and the remaining air returns to the supply cavity traversing the flow diverter in its seated position.
2. A method of controlling air flow as in claim 1, wherein the air flowing from the supply cavity to the delivery cavity flows through an at least two legs portion of the flow diverter when the flow diverter is disposed in a first position.
3. A method of controlling air flow as in claim 1, wherein the air passing from the delivery cavity to the supply cavity flows across a restrictor portion of the flow diverter when the flow diverter is disposed in a second position.
4. An air brake valve having a supply cavity, an exhaust port and a delivery cavity comprising:
a generally cylindrical bore between the supply cavity and the delivery cavity,
a flow diverter with an at least two legs portion wherein the flow diverter is placed in the bore such that the flow diverter freely moves to a first position when the pressure of the air in the supply cavity is greater than the pressure of the air in the delivery cavity, thereby restricting a minority of the air flow from the supply cavity to the delivery cavity through the at least two legs portion, and
wherein the flow diverter with a restrictor portion freely moves to a second seated position when the pressure of the air in the delivery cavity is greater than the pressure of the air in the supply cavity, thereby diverting a majority of air from the delivery cavity to an exhaust port and allowing a minority of air to pass from the delivery cavity to the supply cavity traversing the restrictor portion.
5. An air brake valve as in claim 4 wherein the flow diverter comprises:
a first surface and a second surface;
wherein the at least two legs are disposed on the first surface such that the air flow from the supply cavity to the delivery cavity is communicated generally across the first surface through the at least two legs.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. A driving circuit for driving a laser diode, said driving circuit comprising:
a driving current supply circuit for supplying a driving current to said laser diode when causing said laser diode to emit light;
an auxiliary current supply circuit for, when the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit rises, supplying an auxiliary current for speeding up the rise of the driving current to said laser diode; and
a suppression current supply circuit for supplying a suppression current for reducing a decrease in the driving current, which occurs after occurrence of an overshoot at the time of the rise of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit, to said laser diode.
2. A driving circuit for driving a laser diode, said driving circuit comprising:
a driving current supply circuit for supplying a driving current to said laser diode when causing said laser diode to emit light;
a current drawing circuit for drawing a current from the driving current when the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit falls; and
an increase control circuit for drawing a suppression current, which reduces an increase in the driving current which occurs after occurrence of an undershoot at the time of the fall of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit, from the driving current.
3. A driving circuit for driving a laser diode, said driving circuit comprising:
a driving current supply circuit for supplying a driving current to said laser diode when causing said laser diode to emit light;
an auxiliary current supply circuit for, when the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit rises, supplying an auxiliary current for speeding up the rise of the driving current to said laser diode;
a suppression current supply circuit for supplying a suppression current for reducing a decrease in the driving current, which occurs after occurrence of an overshoot at the time of the rise of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit, to said laser diode;
a current drawing circuit for drawing a current from the driving current when the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit falls; and
an increase control circuit for drawing a suppression current, which reduces an increase in the driving current which occurs after occurrence of an undershoot at the time of the fall of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit, from the driving current.
4. A driving circuit for driving a laser diode, said driving circuit including a driving current supply circuit for supplying a driving current to said laser diode when causing said laser diode to emit light, and a dumping circuit connected in parallel to said laser diode, for suppressing both an overshoot which occurs at a time of a rise of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit to said laser diode, and an undershoot which occurs at a time of a fall of the driving current, wherein
said dumping circuit includes a resistance element and a capacitive element which are connected in series, and said capacitive element includes two or more series circuits connected in parallel, each of said two or more series circuits having a capacitor and a switch connected in series.
5. A driving circuit for driving a laser diode, said driving circuit including a driving current supply circuit for supplying a driving current to said laser diode when causing said laser diode to emit light, and a dumping circuit connected in parallel to said laser diode, for suppressing both an overshoot which occurs at a time of a rise of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit to said laser diode, and an undershoot which occurs at a time of a fall of the driving current, said driving circuit comprising:
charging means for putting an electric charge into a capacitive element which constitutes said dumping circuit throughout a predetermined time period immediately after said driving current supply circuit starts supplying the driving current to said laser diode; and
discharging means for drawing the electric charge put into said capacitive element throughout a predetermined time period immediately after said driving current supply circuit stops the supply of the driving current to said laser diode.
6. The driving circuit according to claim 5, further comprising driving means for supplying a current to said laser diode throughout the predetermined time period immediately after said driving current supply circuit starts supplying the driving current to said laser diode, and for drawing a current flowing into said laser diode throughout the predetermined time period immediately after said driving current supply circuit stops the supply of the driving current to said laser diode.
7. The driving circuit according to claim 5, wherein at least one of said charging means and said discharging means is provided with a function of adjusting a pulse width and an amplitude value of a current.
8. The driving circuit according to claim 6, wherein at least one of said charging means and said discharging means is provided with a function of adjusting a pulse width and an amplitude value of a current.
9. The driving circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a dumping circuit connected in parallel to said laser diode, for suppressing both an overshoot which occurs at a time of a rise of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit to said laser diode, and an undershoot which occurs at a time of a fall of the driving current, and said dumping circuit includes a resistance element and a capacitive element which are connected in series, and said capacitive element includes two or more series circuits connected in parallel, each of said two or more series circuits having a capacitor and a switch connected in series.
10. The driving circuit according to claim 2, further comprising a dumping circuit connected in parallel to said laser diode, for suppressing both an overshoot which occurs at a time of a rise of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit to said laser diode, and an undershoot which occurs at a time of a fall of the driving current, and said dumping circuit includes a resistance element and a capacitive element which are connected in series, and said capacitive element includes two or more series circuits connected in parallel, each of said two or more series circuits having a capacitor and a switch connected in series.
11. The driving circuit according to claim 3, further comprising a dumping circuit connected in parallel to said laser diode, for suppressing both an overshoot which occurs at a time of a rise of the driving current supplied from said driving current supply circuit to said laser diode, and an undershoot which occurs at a time of a fall of the driving current, and said dumping circuit includes a resistance element and a capacitive element which are connected in series, and said capacitive element includes two or more series circuits connected in parallel, each of said two or more series circuits having a capacitor and a switch connected in series.
12. A semiconductor device that causes a light emitting element to emit light by sending a current having an amount larger than a first amount to said light emitting element, said semiconductor device comprising:
an output terminal connected to said light emitting element;
a current generating circuit having a first node connected to said output terminal, and a first switch that receives a first control signal, in which, when said first control signal has a first logic level, a current having an amount equal to or larger than said first amount flows into said first node, and, when said first control signal has a second logic level, said first switch is brought into conduction and a current having a second amount which exceeds said first amount flows into said first node;
an auxiliary current generating circuit having a second node connected to said output terminal, and a second switch which receives a second control signal, in which, after said first control signal makes a transition from the first logic level to the second logic level, said second switch is brought into conduction and a current having a third amount flows into said second node throughout a first time period; and
a suppression current generating circuit having a third node connected to said output terminal, and a third switch which receives a third control signal, in which, after said second switch is brought into conduction and a second time period elapses, said third switch is brought into conduction and a current having a fourth amount flows into said third node throughout a third time period.
13. A semiconductor device that causes a light emitting element to emit light by sending a current having an amount larger than a first amount to said light emitting element, said semiconductor device comprising:
an output terminal connected to said light emitting element;
a current generating circuit having a first node connected to said output terminal, and a first switch that receives a first control signal, in which, when said first control signal has a first logic level, a current having an amount equal to or smaller than said first amount flows into said first node, and, when said first control signal has a second logic level, said first switch is brought into conduction and a current having a second amount which exceeds said first amount flows into said first node;
a current drawing circuit having a fourth node connected to said output terminal, and a fourth switch that receives a fourth control signal, in which, after said first control signal makes a transition from the second logic level to the first logic level, said fourth switch is brought into conduction and a current having a fifth amount flows into said fourth node throughout a fourth time period; and
a increase control circuit having a fifth node connected to said output terminal, and a fifth switch which receives a fifth control signal, in which, after said fourth switch is brought into conduction and a fifth time period elapses, said fifth switch is brought into conduction and a current having a sixth amount flows into said fifth node throughout a sixth time period.
14. A semiconductor device that drives a light emitting element, said semiconductor device comprising:
an output terminal connected to said light emitting element;
a current generating circuit having a first node connected to said output terminal, and a first switch that receives a first control signal, in which, when said first control signal has a first logic level, a current having a first amount flows into said first node and, when said first control signal becomes a second logic level, said first switch is brought into conduction and a current having a second amount which exceeds said first amount flows into said first node;
an auxiliary current generating circuit having a second node connected to said output terminal, and a second switch which receives a second control signal, in which, after said first control signal makes a transition from the first logic level to the second logic level, said second switch is brought into conduction and a current having a third amount flows into said second node throughout a first time period; and
a suppression current generating circuit having a third node connected to said output terminal, and a third switch which receives a third control signal, in which, after said second switch is brought into conduction and a second time period elapses, said third switch is brought into conduction and a current having a fourth amount flows into said third node throughout a third time period.
15. A semiconductor device that drives a light emitting element, said semiconductor device comprising:
an output terminal connected to said light emitting element;
a current generating circuit having a first node connected to said output terminal, and a first switch that receives a first control signal, in which, when said first control signal has a first logic level, a current having a first amount flows into said first node, and, when said first control signal becomes a second logic level, said first switch is brought into conduction and a current having a second amount which exceeds said first amount flows into said first node;
a current drawing circuit having a fourth node connected to said output terminal, and a fourth switch that receives a fourth control signal, in which, after said first control signal makes a transition from the second logic level to the first logic level, said fourth switch is brought into conduction and a current having a fifth amount flows into said fourth node throughout a fourth time period; and
an increase control circuit having a fifth node connected to said output terminal, and a fifth switch which receives a fifth control signal, in which, after said fourth switch is brought into conduction and a fifth time period elapses, said fifth switch is brought into conduction and a current having a sixth amount flows into said fifth node throughout a sixth time period.
16. The semiconductor device according to claim 12, further comprising:
a dumping circuit connected to said output terminal and provided with a resistor and a capacitor connected in series
a switch connected between said dumping circuit and a ground terminal; and
a dumping circuit setting circuit for switching conduction and non-conduction states of said switch according to switch setting information.
17. The semiconductor device according to claim 13, further comprising:
a dumping circuit connected to said output terminal and provided with a resistor and a capacitor connected in series;
a switch connected between said dumping circuit and a ground terminal; and
a dumping circuit setting circuit for switching conduction and non-conduction states of said switch according to switch setting information.
18. The semiconductor device according to claim 14, further comprising:
a dumping circuit connected to said output terminal and provided with a resistor and a capacitor connected in series;
a switch connected between said dumping circuit and a around terminal; and
a dumping circuit setting circuit for switching conduction and non-conduction states of said switch according to switch setting information.
19. The semiconductor device according to claim 15, further comprising:
a dumping circuit connected to said output terminal and provided with a resistor and a capacitor connected in series
a switch connected between said dumping circuit and a around terminal; and
a dumping circuit setting circuit for switching conduction and non-conduction states of said switch according to switch setting information.
20. A semiconductor device that drives a light emitting element, said semiconductor device comprising:
an output terminal connected to said light emitting element;
a dumping circuit connected to said output terminal and provided with a resistor and a capacitor connected in series; a switch connected between said dumping circuit and a ground terminal; and
a dumping circuit setting circuit for switching conduction and non-conduction states of said switch according to switch setting information.
21. An optical pickup comprising:
a laser diode; and
a semiconductor device for driving said laser diode, wherein said semiconductor device comprises:
a control signal generating circuit generating
a first control signal,
a second control signal, and
a third control signal for controlling the on and off state of
a first current supply circuit,
a second current supply circuit, and
a third current supply circuit for supplying current for said laser diode respectively in response to a data signal,
wherein said first control signal has a first predetermined period for supplying current for said laser diode,
wherein said second control signal has a second predetermined period which is shorter than said first predetermined period of said first control signal starting after the first predetermined period starts, and
wherein said third control signal has a third predetermined period which is shorter than said first predetermined period of said first control signal starting after the second predetermined period of said second control signals starts.

1. A method for feeding back a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) from a Mobile Station (MS) in a mobile communication system, comprising:
determining a number of frequency bands for which the MS feeds back CQIs based on a preset feedback efficiency factor;
selecting the determined number of frequency bands in a descending order of channel quality; and
feeding back the CQIs of the selected frequency bands to a Base Station (BS).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the number of frequency bands comprises computing the number of frequency bands by
f
k

=

n
\ue89e
\ue89e

int
\ue8a0

(
s
_

k

\ue8a0

(
t
)
e

)
where n int(\u2022) represents a nearest integer function, sk(t) denotes an average number of frequency bands allocated to MS k, and e denotes the feedback efficiency factor, ranging between 0 and 1.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein sk(t) is determined by using an exponential weighted moving average scheme by
s
_

k

\ue8a0

(

t
+
1

)
=
(

1
–

1

t
e
)

\xd7
s
_

k

\ue8a0

(
t
)
+
(

1

t
e
)

\xd7
s
k

\ue8a0

(
t
)
where te denotes a window length used for computing the average number of frequency bands allocated to MS k and sk(t) denotes the current number of frequency bands allocated to MS k.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the current number of frequency bands allocated to MS k is determined from a control message received from the BS.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the number of frequency bands comprises, if the number of frequency bands for which the MS feeds back CQIs is larger than a total number of frequency bands allocated by the BS, determining the number of frequency bands for which the MS feeds back CQIs to be the total number of frequency bands allocated by the BS.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the number of frequency bands comprises, if the number of frequency bands for which the MS feeds back CQIs is 0, feeding back a CQI of a frequency band comprising a best channel quality.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel quality is based on at lest a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the feedback efficiency factor is a ratio of the number of frequency bands for which the MS feeds back CQIs to an average number of frequency bands allocated to the MS for a preset time period.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein each frequency band comprises at least one subcarrier.
10. A method for feeding back a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) from a plurality of Mobile Stations (MSs) in a mobile communication system, comprising:
determining, for each of the plurality of MSs, a number of frequency bands for which the each MS feeds back CQIs, wherein the respective number of frequency bands for which the each MS feeds back CQ is determined such that a substantially constant ratio is maintained of a sum of the number of frequency bands of all of the plurality of MSs for which CQIs are to be fed back to a total number of frequency bands allocated to all of the plurality of MSs;
selecting, by each of the plurality of MSs, the determined number of frequency bands; and
feeding back the CQIs of the selected frequency bands to a Base Station (BS).
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining, for each of the plurality of MSs, of the number of frequency bands comprises computing the number of frequency bands by
f
k

=

n
\ue89e
\ue89e

int
\ue8a0

(
s
_

k

\ue8a0

(
t
)
e

)
where n int(\u2022) represents a nearest integer function, sk(t) denotes an average number of subchannels allocated to MS k, and e denotes the feedback efficiency factor, ranging between 0 and 1.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein sk(t) is determined by using an exponential weighted moving average scheme by
s
_

k

\ue8a0

(

t
+
1

)
=
(

1
–

1

t
e
)

\xd7
s
_

k

\ue8a0

(
t
)
+
(

1

t
e
)

\xd7
s
k

\ue8a0

(
t
)
where te denotes a window length used for computing the average number of frequency bands allocated to MS k and sk(t) denotes the current number of frequency bands allocated to MS k.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the current number of frequency bands allocated to MS k is determined from a control message received from the BS.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining, for each of the plurality of MSs, of the number of frequency bands comprises, if the number of frequency bands for which the respective MS feeds back CQIs is larger than a total number of frequency bands allocated by the BS, determining the number of frequency bands for which the respective MS feeds back CQIs to be the total number of frequency bands allocated by the BS.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining, for each of the plurality of MSs, of the number of frequency bands comprises, if the number of frequency bands for which the respective MS feeds back CQIs is 0, feeding back a CQI of a frequency band comprising a best channel quality.
16. The method of claim 10, wherein the channel quality is based on at lest a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR).
17. The method of claim 10, wherein the feedback efficiency factor is a ratio of the number of frequency bands for which a respective MS feeds back CQIs to an average number of frequency bands allocated to respective MS for a preset time period.
18. The method of claim 10, wherein each frequency band comprises at least one subcarrier.

The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.

1. An electrostimulator comprising electrode connections which are to be connected at least at times to a stimulation unit and to a detection unit of the electrostimulator, wherein the stimulation unit is adapted to generate electrostimulation pulses for the stimulation of body tissue and to deliver the electrostimulation pulses to at least one of the electrode connections, and wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect successful stimulation of body tissue on the basis of an electrical signal occurring at at least one of the electrode connections, and wherein the electrostimulator is adapted to record an electrical signal representative of an intracardial electrocardiogram by way of said at least one electrode connection,
and wherein arranged between the at least one electrode connection and the detection unit is a high pass filter with a lower limit frequency of greater than 100 Hz, and wherein the detection unit is adapted to evaluate the high pass-filtered electrical signal.
2. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 1 wherein the electrostimulator is adapted to record the electrical signal representative of an intracardial electrocardiogram by way of a bipolar electrode configuration.
3. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 2 wherein connected o the electrode connection for recording the electrical signal representative of an intracardial electrocardiogram is an at least bipolar electrode line which has at least two electrodes for recording electrical potentials at the electrodes, wherein the electrodes have a low degree of polarization.
4. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 3 wherein the electrodes include a fractal coating.
5. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 4 wherein the electrostimulator includes an autoshort device for short-circuiting stimulation electrodes, which is adapted to short-circuit the electrodes for not longer than 5 milliseconds.
6. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 5 wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect successful stimulation (capture) and to produce a capture signal.
7. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 6 wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect successful stimulation on the basis of a short-term peak in the electrical signal representative of an intracardial electrocardiogram.
8. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 7 wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect a short-term peak in the electrical signal representative of an intracardial electrocardiogram within a defined time window which is started with the delivery of a stimulation pulse.
9. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 8 further comprising a stimulation control unit which is so connected to the stimulation unit and the detection unit and adapted such that the stimulation control unit ascertains from the spacing in respect of time between a stimulation pulse and a capture signal a stimulation pulse strength signal which determines the strength of a following stimulation pulse produced by the stimulation unit.
10. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 9 wherein the stimulation control unit is adapted to compare the spacing in respect of time between the delivery of a stimulation pulse and the following capture signal to a reference time value and to set the stimulation pulse strength signal in such a way that the strength of a stimulation pulse decreases with a shorter spacing in respect of time between the delivery of a stimulation pulse and the following capture signal as long as the spacing in respect of time does not fall below the reference time value.
11. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 10 wherein the reference time value is set in such a way that the reference time value corresponds to a sufficiently supra-threshold stimulation.
12. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 9 wherein the stimulation control unit is adapted in the event of absence of a capture signal within a predetermined time window after delivery of a stimulation pulse to trigger a backup stimulation pulse of greater strength.
13. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 12 further comprising a telemetry unit which is connected to the detection unit and adapted to send a time spacing signal corresponding to the spacing in respect of time between a stimulation pulse and a capture signal to an external unit.
14. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 13 further comprising a memory for storing one or more values of the time spacing signal, which is connected to the detection unit and the telemetry unit.
15. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 6 further comprising a stimulation control unit which is so connected to the stimulation unit and the detection unit and adapted such that the stimulation control unit ascertains from the spacing in respect of time between a stimulation pulse and a capture signal a stimulation pulse strength signal which determines the strength of a following stimulation pulse produced by the stimulation unit.
16. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 6 further comprising a telemetry unit which is connected to the detection unit and adapted to send a time spacing signal corresponding to the spacing in respect of time between a stimulation pulse and a capture signal to an external unit.
17. The electrostimulator as set forth in claim 1 wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect successful stimulation (capture) and to produce a capture signal.
18. An electrostimulator comprising electrode connections which are to be connected at least at times to a stimulation unit and to a detection unit of the electrostimulator, wherein the stimulation unit is adapted to generate electrostimulation pulses for the stimulation of body tissue and to deliver the electrostimulation pulses to at least one of the electrode connections, and wherein the detection unit is adapted to detect successful stimulation of body tissue on the basis of an electrical signal occurring at at least one of the electrode connections, and wherein the electrostimulator is adapted to record an electrical signal representative of an intracardial electrocardiogram by way of said at least one electrode connection,
and wherein arranged between the at least one electrode connection and the detection unit is a high pass filter with a lower limit frequency of greater than 100 Hz, and wherein the detection unit is adapted to evaluate the high pass-filtered electrical signal,
and wherein the electrostimulator includes an autoshort device for short-circuiting stimulation electrodes, which is adapted to short-circuit the electrodes for not longer than 5 milliseconds.