1. An endovascular graft comprising an expandable stent portion and a stent cover portion, wherein the stent cover portion comprises a porous, fibrous material having both an outer perigraft surface and an inner luminal surface, and is coated on at least the outer surface with a hemostatic bioactive agent covalently attached by the activation of photoreactive groups provided by the stent cover portion, by the bioactive agent itself, andor by a linking agent, wherein the coating comprises the bioactive agent attached to the fibers of the material without occluding its pores.
2-5. (canceled)
6. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of proteins having a specific hemostatic effect, and positively charged compounds having a nonspecific effect.
7. (canceled)
8. A graft according to claim 6 wherein the agent is (a) a positively charged polymeric molecule selected from the group consisting of chitosan, polylysine, poly(ethyleneimine) and acrylic polymers incorporating positively-charged groups in the form of primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or quaternary salts, or (b) a positively charged non-polymeric molecule selected from the group consisting of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and tridodecylmethylammonium chloride.
9-10. (canceled)
11. A method of preparing an endovascular graft comprising an expandable stent portion and a stent cover portion, comprising the step of coating at least the outer surface of the stent cover portion with a hemostatic bioactive agent that is covalently attached by the activation of photoreactive groups provided by the stent cover portion, by the bioactive agent, andor by a linking agent.
12-15. (canceled)
16. A method according to claim 11 wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of proteins having specific hemostatic effect, and positively charged compounds having a nonspecific hemostatic effect.
17. (canceled)
18. A method according to claim 16 wherein the agent is (a) a positively charged polymeric molecule selected from the group consisting of chitosan, polylysine, poly(ethyleneimine) and acrylic polymers incorporating positively-charged groups in the form of primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or quaternary salts, or (b) a positively charged non-polymeric molecule selected from the group consisting of alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and tridodecylmethylammonium chloride
19-20. (canceled)
21. A method of preventing endoleaking in the course of deploying and using an endovascular graft that comprises an expandable stent portion and a stent cover, the method comprising the step of first coating the stent cover by a method that comprises the step of coating at least the outer surface of the stent cover portion with a hemostatic bioactive agent that is covalently attached by the activation of photoreactive groups provided by the stent cover portion, by the bioactive agent, andor by a linking agent.
22. A method according to claim 21 wherein the stent cover portion is prepared from a porous material selected from PET and ePTFE.
23. A method according to claim 21 wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of proteins having a specific hemostatic effect, and positively charged compounds having a nonspecific hemostatic effect.
24-25. (canceled)
26. A method according to claim 21 wherein the coating is provided on the perigraft, as opposed to luminal, surface of the stent cover.
27. A method according to claim 21 wherein the coating adds about 5%, or less, to the original thickness of the material used as the stent cover portion.
28. A method according to claim 21 wherein the bioactive agent used to coat the surface is itself photoderivatized.
29-30. (canceled)
31. A method of preventing endoleaking in the course of deploying and using an endovascular graft, the method comprising the steps of:
a) providing an endovascular graft comprising an expandable stent portion and a stent cover portion, wherein the stent cover portion comprises a porous, fibrous material having both an outer perigraft surface and an inner luminal surface, the cover portion having a hemostatic bioactive agent on at least the outer surface in the form of a coating covalently attached to the fibers of the material without occluding its pores, by the activation of photoreactive groups provided by the stent cover portion, by the bioactive agent, andor by a linking agent, and
b) implanting the stent in the vessel in a manner that avoids endoleaking.
32. A method according to claim 31 wherein the stent cover portion is prepared from a porous material selected from PET and ePTFE.
33. A method according to claim 31 wherein the agent is selected from the group consisting of proteins having a specific hemostatic effect, and positively charged compounds having a nonspecific hemostatic effect.
34-35. (canceled)
36. A method according to claim 31 wherein the coating is provided on the perigraft, as opposed to luminal, surface of the stent cover.
37. A method according to claim 31 wherein the coating adds about 5%, or less, to the original thickness of the material used as the stent cover portion.
38. A method according to claim 31 wherein the bioactive agent used to coat the surface is itself photoderivatized.
39-40. (canceled)
41. A method according to claim 31 wherein the agent is immobilized in an amount between about 0.05 \u03bcgcm2 to about 10 \u03bcgcm2.
42. A method according to claim 31 wherein the endovascular graft is provided in the form of a collapsed small diameter tube of on the order of two mm or less overall diameter, and can be expanded to form a larger diameter tube in situ of between about six mm and about thirty mm.
43. A method according to claim 39 wherein the bioactive agent used to coat the surface is itself photoderivatized, and is immobilized in an amount between about 0.05 \u03bcgcm2 to about 10 \u03bcgcm2, and wherein the endovascular graft is provided in the form of a collapsed small diameter tube of on the order of two mm or less overall diameter, and can be expanded to form a larger diameter tube in situ of between about six mm and about thirty mm.
44. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the bioactive agent is attached to the surface in the form of a thin, conformal coating.
45. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the coating adds no more than 25% to the original thickness of the material used as the stent cover portion.
46. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the stent cover portion is prepared from a porous material selected from PET and ePFTE.
47. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the bioactive agent is immobilized in a range of about 0.01 \u03bcgcm2 to about 50 \u03bcgcm2.
48. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the photoreactive group is provided on the bioactive agent itself.
49. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the photoreactive group is provided on at least the outer surface of the stent cover portion.
50. A graft according to claim 1 wherein the coating is provided in a manner sufficient to prevent endoleaking.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A processing system comprising:
a memory controller adapted to communicate using a packet based RDRAM protocol;
a memory module comprising SDRAM devices; and
an interface device located with the memory controller such that the interface device is not located on the memory module, the interface device translates packet based RDRAM protocol command and data signals from the memory controller into an SDRAM protocol, and the interface device translates data signals received from the memory module into packet based RDRAM protocol data.
2. The processing system of claim 1 wherein the memory controller is provided in an integrated circuit chip set.
3. The processing system of claim 2 wherein the integrated circuit chip set comprises the interface device.
4. The processing system of claim 1 wherein the memory controller and interface device are provided on a motherboard.
5. A processing system comprising:
a memory controller adapted to communicate using a packet based RDRAM protocol;
a memory module comprising SDRAM devices, the memory module is located in a Memory socket; and
an interface device located between the memory controller and the Memory socket, the interface device translates packet based RDRAM protocol command and data signals from the memory controller into an SDRAM protocol, and the interface device translates data signals received from the memory module into packet based RDRAM protocol data.
6. The processing system of claim 5 wherein the memory controller and interface device are provided on a motherboard.
7. The processing system of claim 5 further comprising a second memory module comprising SDRAM devices, the second memory module is located in a second Memory socket
8. The processing system of claim 5 wherein the interface device comprises:
a write demultiplex circuit for converting data received on N data lines from the memory controller to MN data lines;
a read multiplex circuit converting received on the MN data lines from the memory module to the N data lines; and
a command disassembler for converting packet based commands from the memory controller into rowcolumn based commands.
9. A processing system comprising:
a memory controller adapted to communicate using a packet based RDRAM protocol;
a memory module comprising SDRAM devices, the memory module is located in a Memory socket; and
an interface device located between the memory controller and the Memory socket, the interface device translates packet based RDRAM protocol command and data signals from the memory controller into an SDRAM protocol, the interface device comprises:
a write demultiplex circuit for converting data received on N data lines from the memory controller to MN data lines;
a read multiplex circuit converting received on the MN data lines from the memory module to the N data lines; and
a command disassembler for converting packet based commands from the memory controller into rowcolumn based commands.
10. A processing system comprising:
a memory controller adapted to communicate using a packet based RAMBUS DRAM protocol;
a plurality of memory modules each comprising columnrow protocol based DRAM devices, the memory modules are located in in-line memory module sockets; and
a single interface device located between the memory controller and the in-line memory module socket sockets, the interface device translates packet based RAMBUS DRAM protocol command and data signals from the memory controller into the columnrow protocol, and the interface device translates data signals received from the memory modules into packet based RAMBUS DRAM protocol data.
11. A processing system motherboard comprising:
a memory controller adapted to communicate using a packet based RDRAM protocol; and
an interface device which translates packet based RDRAM protocol command and data signals from the memory controller into a columnrow DRAM protocol, and translates data signals received from a memory external to the motherboard into the packet based RDRAM protocol data.
12. The processing system motherboard of claim 11 further comprising a processor.
13. The processing system motherboard of claim 11 wherein the columnrow DRAM protocol is a columnrow SDRAM protocol.
14. A processing system chip set comprising:
a processor;
a memory controller adapted to communicate using a packet based RDRAM protocol; and
an interface device which translates packet based RDRAM protocol command and data signals from the memory controller into a columnrow DRAM protocol, and translates data signals received from an external memory into the packet based RDRAM protocol data.
15. The processing system chip set of claim 14 wherein the interface device comprises:
a write demultiplex circuit for converting data received on N data lines from the memory controller to MN data lines;
a read multiplex circuit converting received on the MN data lines from an external memory to the N data lines; and
a command disassembler for converting packet based RDRAM commands from the memory controller into the rowcolumn DRAM commands.
16. A method of operating a processing system comprising:
receiving packet based commands from a memory controller with an interface device;
translating the packet based commands into columnrow DRAM commands; and
communicating the columnrow DRAM commands to external memory, wherein a memory socket is electrically located between the interface device and the external memory.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:
receiving first data on N data lines from the memory controller with the interface device;
demultiplexing the first data and communicating the first data to the external memory on MN data lines;
receiving second data on the MN data lines from the external memory with the interface device; and
multiplexing the second data and communicating the second data to the memory controller on the N data lines.