1. A method for improving skin quality and age-related alterations of the skin, andor for exfoliating skin, the method comprising:
applying to the skin of an individual in need thereof a cosmetic composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a dried plant material,
wherein said dried plant material comprises a mixture of glucosamine and other compounds,
wherein said dried plant material is prepared by drying the raw plant material at a temperature between 80\xb0 C. and 105\xb0 C. for a suitable time to obtain glucosamine in the dried plant material in an amount greater than 150 mgkg of the dried plant material, and
wherein the raw plant material is selected from the group consisting of Chicory (Cichorium intybus), carrot (Daucus carota), Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosum), and beet (Beta vulgaris).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of glucosamine in the dried plant material is greater than 700 mgkg of the dried plant material.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of glucosamine in the dried plant material is greater than 1000 mgkg of the dried plant material.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the dried plant material is prepared without further treatment or extraction.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the glucosamine in the dried plant material is in the form of free glucosamine.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the dried plant material is a dried, lyophilized carrot.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the dried plant material is a dried, lyophilized plant component selected from the group consisting of chicory root, tuber of Jerusalem artichoke, and beet root.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the dried plant material is a dried, lyophilized plant component selected from the group consisting of leaves, roots, fruits and combinations thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A testing apparatus comprising:
a first testing surface;
a second testing surface adhered to the first testing surface with a layer of an adhesive;
a first wall associated with the first testing surface;
a second wall attached to the first wall, wherein the second wall is positioned orthogonally to the first wall;
a force generator associated with the second testing surface, wherein the force generator can generate a constant force;
a force transfer arm associated with the force generator, wherein the force transfer arm transfers the constant force from the force generator to the second surface;
the force transfer arm associated with the second testing surface with a ball joint so that the force generator is rotatably attached to the second testing surface;
wherein the testing apparatus tests the adhesive capability of the adhesive in a first mode when the force transfer arm extends through the first wall so that the force generator is positioned against the first wall;
wherein the testing apparatus tests the adhesive capability of the adhesive in a second mode when the force transfer arm extends through the second wall so that the force generator is positioned against the first wall;
and wherein the force transfer arm is rotated on the ball joint to move from the first mode to the second mode.
2. The testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first mode is shear loading and the second mode is tensile loading.
3. The testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first surface comprises a glass plate and the second surface comprises a component for use in a commercial device.
4. The testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first wall includes a surface holder comprising a gap defined by an upper portion and a lower portion, wherein the first surface is associated with the first wall by inserting the first surface into the gap.
5. The testing apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a transfer channel formed in the first wall and the second wall, wherein the transfer channel accommodates the rotation of the force transfer arm from the first mode to the second mode.
6. An adhesive tester comprising:
a frame;
a force generator attached to the frame for generating a test force;
a force transfer arm configured to transfer the test force from the force generator to an adhesive layer disposed between a glass surface and a second surface;
a ball joint attaching the force transfer arm to the second surface;
wherein the force generator may be attached to the frame in any one of a plurality of orientations; and
wherein the ball joint isolates rotational forces from being transferred from the force transfer arm to the second surface.
7. The adhesive tester of claim 6, wherein the test force comprises a tensile force.
8. The adhesive tester of claim 6, wherein the test force comprises a shear force.
9. The adhesive tester of claim 6, wherein the force generator comprises a constant load generator.
10. The adhesive tester of claim 9, wherein the force generator comprises a spring.
11. The adhesive tester of claim 9 further comprising a spacer configured to limit the spring.
12. The adhesive tester of claim 6, wherein the frame is configured to be disposed on one of the glass surface or the second surface.
13. The adhesive tester of claim 12, wherein the frame receives a portion of the other of the glass surface or the second surface in a gap associated with a wall of the frame.
14. The adhesive tester of claim 6, wherein the frame comprises a cage having a first wall and a second wall disposed orthogonally to the first wall.
15. The adhesive tester of claim 14, wherein the force transfer arm is configured to extend through either the first wall or the second wall.
16. The adhesive tester of claim 6 further comprising a second force transfer arm, wherein the force transfer arm and the second force transfer arm are both attached to the ball joint.
17. The adhesive tester of claim 6, wherein the second surface comprises a component for use in a commercial product.
18. A method of testing an adhesive, the method comprising the steps of:
positioning a force generator on a test frame in a first mode configuration;
removably attaching a first test surface to the force generator with a force transfer arm, wherein the first test surface is adhered to a glass surface with a first layer of an adhesive, and wherein the force transfer arm is attached to the first test surface with a ball joint;
applying a first load until the first layer of the adhesive fails;
rotating the force transfer arm on the ball joint to position the generator on the test frame in a second mode configuration;
adhering the first test surface to the glass surface with a second layer of the adhesive; and
applying a second load until the second layer of the adhesive fails.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein repositioning the force generator on the test frame comprises moving the force transfer arm through a channel formed in the test frame.
20. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of placing the test frame, the glass surface, and the first test surface into an environmental chamber prior to applying the first load.