1. A medical electrical lead, comprising:
an elongate conductor including a first portion, a second portion and a layer of insulation; the second portion extending from the first portion, and the layer of insulation completely surrounding a circumference of the first portion and partially surrounding a circumference of the second portion;
a conductive ring including a first terminal end, a second terminal end, opposite the first terminal end, an external conductive surface, an inner conductive surface having a first inner diameter and a second inner diameter; the first terminal end being disposed adjacent to the first portion of the conductor, the inner conductive surface extending around the second portion of the conductor and making electrical contact therewith, and the second inner diameter being disposed at the second terminal end and being greater than the first inner diameter; and
a core component extending within the inner surface of the ring and including an outer surface; the outer surface of the core holding the second portion of the conductor against the inner conductive surface of the ring for the electrical contact, and the outer surface of the core being deformed by a compressive force of the second portion of the conductor forced against the core by the first inner diameter of inner conductive surface of the ring.
2. The lead of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the conductor is coiled.
3. The lead of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the conductor is approximately straight.
4. The lead of claim 1, wherein the layer of insulation is displaced by the inner conductive surface of the ring to partially surround the circumference of the second portion of the conductor.
5. The lead of claim 1, wherein the external conductive surface of the ring comprises an electrode.
6. The lead of claim 1, wherein the external conductive surface of the ring comprises a connector contact.
7. The lead of claim 1, wherein a portion of the inner conductive surface of the ring has a curved profile joining the first inner diameter to the second inner diameter.
8. The lead of claim 7, wherein the curved profile comprises a length greater than approximately 22% of the overall length of the ring.
9. The lead of claim 7, wherein the curved profile comprises a length greater than approximately 35% of the overall length of the ring.
10. The lead of claim 1, wherein the second inner diameter is also disposed at the first terminal end of the ring.
11. The lead of claim 10, wherein the inner conductive surface of the ring has a parabolic profile extending from the first terminal end to the second terminal end.
12. The lead of claim 1, wherein
a clearance between a diameter of the outer surface of the core and the second inner diameter of the inner conductive surface of the ring is greater than a diameter of the second portion of the conductor.
13. The lead of claim 12, wherein the diameter of the second portion of the conductor is approximately 0.005 inch and the clearance between the diameter of the outer surface of the core and the second inner diameter of the inner conductive surface of the ring is approximately 0.006 inch.
14. The lead of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the core component is conductive.
15. The lead of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the core component is nonconductive.
16. The lead of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the core component is conductive, and the core component further includes a nonconductive wall extending longitudinally from the conductive surface toward the first portion of the conductor.
17. The lead of claim 16, wherein the nonconductive wall includes a slot through which the second portion of the conductor passes.
18. The lead of claim 1, wherein the core component further includes a shoulder in close proximity to the second terminal end of the ring.
19. The lead of claim 1, further comprising another elongate conductor extending alongside the first portion of the elongate conductor and beyond the first portion through a lumen of the core component and beyond the second terminal end of the ring.
20. A medical electrical lead comprising:
an elongate lead body;
an elongate conductor extending through the lead body, wherein the elongate conductor comprises a proximal end and a distal end, conductive material extending from the proximal end to the distal end, and insulation surrounding the conductive material to electrically isolate the conductive material;
a core component extending along only a portion of the lead body, wherein a terminal portion of the elongate conductor contacts an outer surface of the core component; and
a conductive ring located over the core component, wherein the conductive ring comprises an external surface and an inner surface, wherein the terminal portion of the elongate conductor is located and compressed between the inner surface of the conductive ring and the outer surface of the core component, and wherein the conductive ring electrically couples to the conductive material in the terminal portion of the elongate conductor, wherein the conductive ring defines a lumen extending from a first end to a second end, wherein the lumen defines a first inner diameter and a second inner diameter, wherein the second inner diameter is greater than the first inner diameter, and further wherein the lumen comprises the second inner diameter at the first end of the conductive ring.
21. The lead of claim 20, wherein the conductive ring electrically couples to the conductive material of the elongate conductor where at least a portion of the insulation on the terminal portion of the elongate conductor is displaced from the conductive material of the elongate conductor between the inner surface of the conductive ring and the outer surface of the core component.
22. The lead of claim 20, wherein the conductive ring defines a lumen extending from a first end to a second end, wherein the lumen defines a first inner diameter and a second inner diameter, wherein the second inner diameter is greater than the first inner diameter, and further wherein the lumen comprises the second inner diameter at the first end and the second end of the conductive ring, and further wherein the lumen comprises the first diameter between the first end and the second end.
23. The lead of claim 20, wherein the conductive ring defines a lumen extending from a first end to a second end, wherein the lumen defines a first inner diameter and a second inner diameter, wherein the second inner diameter is greater than the first inner diameter, and wherein the lumen comprises the second inner diameter at the first end and the second end of the conductive ring and the first diameter between the first end and the second end, and further wherein the inner surface of the conductive ring defines a curved profile between the larger second diameter at the first end and the second end and the smaller first diameter located between the first end and the second end.
24. The lead of claim 20, wherein a clearance between a diameter of the outer surface of the core and the second inner diameter of the conductive ring is greater than a diameter of the terminal portion of the elongate conductor.
25. The lead of claim 20, wherein at least a portion of the outer surface of the core component is compressively deformed by the terminal portion of the elongate conductor and the inner surface of the conductive ring.
26. The lead of claim 20, wherein the core component comprises a passageway formed through a wall that defines an inner lumen and the outer surface of the core component, wherein the passageway extends between the inner lumen and the outer surface of the core component, and further wherein the elongate conductor extends through the passageway.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for real-time simulation of a battery comprising: simulating a cell array by means of an overall model on a computer unit;
the model for the simulated cell array comprising:
a plurality of single cells;
a plurality of terminal voltages for the plurality of single cells;
a plurality of terminal currents for the plurality of single cells;
a total input current;
cell parameters or variables for the plurality of single cells; and
connecting the computer unit via a cell voltage emulator to a control unit test system; and
calculating the plurality of terminal voltages of the plurality of single cells on the computer unit by using the overall model; and
supplying the calculated plurality of terminal voltages of the plurality of single cells to the control unit test system by means of the cell voltage emulator; wherein
the overall model comprises a first model; and
wherein a first single cell is modeled by means of the first model as a reference cell having cell parameters typical of the cell array; and
sending the total input current of the cell array to the first model as an input variable, and
calculating the terminal voltage of the reference cell by means of the first model, and the overall model further comprises a second model;
calculating by the second model a deviation in the terminal voltage of at least one additional single cell from the terminal voltage of the reference cell, and
calculating the terminal voltage of the at least one additional single cell from the terminal voltage of the reference cell and the deviation in the terminal voltage of the at least one additional single cell.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising calculating the deviation in the terminal voltage of each individual single cell from the terminal voltage of the reference cell.
3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising calculating the deviation in the terminal voltage of the at least one additional single cell in comparison with the terminal voltage of the reference cell, wherein a deviation of at least one variable or cell parameter of the at least one additional single cell with respect to the corresponding at least one variable or cell parameter of the reference cell is predetermined for the second model.
4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising selecting at least one variable or cell parameter calculated for the reference cell in the first model and determining the corresponding variable or cell parameter for the at least one additional single cell from the selected at least one variable or cell parameter of the reference cell and the predetermined deviation of the corresponding at least one variable or cell parameter of the at least one additional single cell without individually simulating the selected at least one variable or cell parameter of the at least one additional single cell to reduce calculation time.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein at least one input variable or cell parameter is predetermined for the second model in vectorial form, such that the vector length is determined by the number of additional single cells taken into account.
6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising calculating an electromotive force and an overvoltage for the plurality of single cells; and wherein the second model has a first submodel, wherein the deviation in the electromotive force of the at least one additional single cell with respect to the reference cell is calculated by using the first submodel.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second model has a second submodel, wherein the deviation in the overvoltage of the at least one additional single cell with respect to the overvoltage of the reference cell is calculated by using the second submodel.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising adding at least one additional submodel to the second model for simulation of an additional variable or cell parameter with respect to the at least one additional single cell to increase the accuracy of the simulation.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein one submodel is removed from the second model, such that in the simulation of the battery by the overall model, the additional variable or cell parameter previously determined by the simulation in the removed submodel is determined by the corresponding additional variable or cell parameter of the reference cell and the predetermined deviation in the additional variable or cell parameter of the at least one additional single cell.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one variable or cell parameter is stored in a table or is approximated.
11. The method according to claims 1, wherein the assembly of the single cells of the battery is simulated as a series connection.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the connection of the single cells of the battery is simulated as a parallel circuit by modeling a plurality of parallel-connected additional single cells as an additional single cell resulting in a higher internal capacitance.
13. A system for simulation of a battery comprising a cell array of a plurality of single cells comprising;
a computation unit having an overall model and a cell voltage emulator connected to the computation unit;
wherein the computation unit is equipped to execute the overall model for calculation of the terminal voltages of the single cells; and
wherein the cell voltage emulator is connected to a control unit test system for
supplying the calculated terminal voltages of the single cells to the control unit test system;
wherein the overall model comprises a first model; and
wherein the first model is equipped to model a first single cell as a reference cell having cell parameters or variables typical of the cell array, to obtain the total input current of the cell array as an input variable and to calculate the terminal voltage of the reference cell; and
wherein the overall model comprises a second model, wherein the second model is equipped to calculate the deviation in the terminal voltage of at least one additional single cell from the terminal voltage of the reference cell, and to calculate the terminal voltages of the additional single cell from the deviation and the terminal voltage of the reference cell.
14. The system according to claim 13, wherein at least one input variable or cell parameter is predetermined for the second model in vectorial form, such that the vector length is determined by the number of additional single cells taken into account.
15. The system according to claim 13, wherein via the first model an electromotive force and an overvoltage for the reference cell are calculated; and wherein the second model has a first submodel, wherein the deviation in the electromotive force of the at least one additional single cell with respect to the reference cell is calculated by using the first submodel; and wherein the second model has a second submodel, wherein the deviation in the overvoltage of the at least one additional single cell with respect to the overvoltage of the reference cell is calculated by using the second submodel.
16. The system according to claim 15, wherein the second model includes at least one additional submodel for simulation of an additional variable or cell parameter with respect to the at least one additional single cell to increase the accuracy of the simulation.
17. The system according to claims 16, wherein one submodel is removed from the second model, such that in the simulation of the battery by the overall model, the additional variable or cell parameter previously determined by the simulation in the removed submodel is determined by the corresponding additional variable or cell parameter of the reference cell and the predetermined deviation in the additional variable or cell parameter of the at least one additional single cell.
18. The system according to claim 13, wherein at least one variable or cell parameter is stored in a table or is approximated.
19. The system according to claims 13, wherein the assembly of the single cells of the battery is simulated as a series connection.
20. The system according to claim 13, wherein the connection of the single cells of the battery is simulated as a parallel circuit by modeling a plurality of parallel-connected additional single cells as an additional single cell resulting in a higher internal capacitance.