What is claimed is:
1. An oxidation resistant carbonaceous material which is a carbonaceous material coated with an oxidation resistant protective layer of silicon carbide practically insusceptible to oxidation even at a high temperature of 800 C. or higher
2. An oxidation resistant carbonaceous material as claimed in claim 1, wherein said carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of a CC composite, a SiSiC type composite material, and a SiC type composite material.
3. An oxidation resistant carbonaceous material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxidation resistant carbonaceous material is a formed product.
4. A method for producing an oxidation resistant carbonaceous material whose surface is coated with an oxidation resistant protective layer of silicon carbide practically insusceptible to oxidation even if the material is exposed for a long duration to a high temperature of 800 C. or higher in the presence of the atmospheric air, comprising applying a coating agent containing metallic silicon and a phenol resin to at least a part of the surface of a carbonaceous material, carbonizing the phenol resin by prefiring the coating agent at 1000 C. or lower in an inert atmosphere, heating the material to 1420 to 2200 C. in the same atmosphere, and reacting the practically total amount of the metallic silicon with carbon in the same temperature range to form the oxidation resistant protective layer of silicon carbide.
5. A method for producing an oxidation resistant carbonaceous material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the thickness of the applied coating agent is 50 to 500 m.
6. A method for producing an oxidation resistant carbonaceous material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the carbonaceous material is selected from the group consisting of a CC composite, a SiSiC type composite material, and a SiC type composite material.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of aligning a dental implant based upon the position and depth of the natural tooth socket at the time of tooth extraction, said method comprising:
extracting a tooth from the jaw of a human patient having a plurality of other teeth, thus producing an empty tooth socket in said jaw;
obtaining a post with length and width dimensions capable of penetrating substantially to the bottom of said empty tooth socket, said post having a plurality of X-ray visible markers positioned along the length of said post, thus enabling the depth of said post in said tooth socket to be determined by dental X-ray images;
positioning said post in said empty tooth socket;
obtaining a guideblock with an outer surface and at least one hole, said at least one hole having dimensions capable of fitting over at least a portion of said post;
stabilizing said post by slipping one of said at least one hole of said guideblock over said post;
stabilizing the position of said guideblock, relative to the position of at least some of said plurality of other teeth that are adjacent to said empty tooth socket, by constructing a guide that contacts at least some of the outer surface of said guideblock and the outer surface of at least some of said plurality of other teeth using a rapid setting or thermoplastic guide material, so that when said guide material has hardened, the position of at least some of said plurality of other teeth and said guide act to hold said guideblock into a fixed position;
removing said post from said empty tooth socket and said guideblock; and
using at least one hole in said guideblock_to subsequently position a drilling procedure to install and align a dental implant.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said guideblock is substantially cylindrical, and wherein at least the cylindrical outer side of said guideblock is knurled or otherwise textured so as to create a more secure connection with said guide material.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the height of said guideblock is between 5 mm and 9 mm, and the outer diameter of said guideblock is between 3 mm and 6 mm.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one holes are substantially cylindrical, and wherein the inner diameter of said at least one holes are between 2 mm and 6 mm.
5. The method of claim 2, further positioning the cylindrical portion of an approximately cylindrical flanged drill reduction guidance sleeve inside said at least one hole of said guideblock, the outer diameter of said cylindrical portion of said drill reduction guidance sleeve being configured to fit snugly but reversibly inside the diameter of said at least one hole, and the outer diameter of said flange being configured so that said flange is substantially the same diameter of said guideblock.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the position of a drill used to perform said drilling procedure is further stabilized by use of a tool that contains a plurality of drill reduction guides positioned on a handle, said drill reduction guides configured to fit in said at least one hole of said guideblock, and further constrain the diameter of said at least one hole to approximately the diameter of a drill bit for an implant of choice, thereby facilitating rapid selection among different implant drill bit sizes and different implant diameters.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said post has a shape substantially similar to that of a larger cylinder, with a smaller diameter cylindrical tip attached along the axis of rotation of said larger cylinder;
and wherein the diameter of said larger cylinder is between 2 mm and 4 mm, and the diameter of said smaller diameter cylindrical tip is between 1 mm and 2 mm.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein said post is made from a radio-opaque material, and said X-ray visible markers comprise a plurality of grooves in said post with a spacing of approximately 2 to 4 mm between said grooves.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein at least the tip of said post is bendable, wherein at least said tip of said post is bent in order to better fit the natural curvature of said empty tooth socket.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the position of said post in said tooth socket or guideblock is further stabilized by at least one O-ring.
11. The method of claim 1, further using information on the depth of said post in said tooth socket, as obtained from dental X-ray images showing said plurality of X-ray visible markers positioned along said post, to determine the depth of said drilling procedure.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein after said guide is constructed, further filling said empty socket with bone grafting material or synthetic bone material, and allowing said empty socket to heal prior to using said guideblock to subsequently position a drilling procedure for a dental implant.
13. The method of claim 1, wherein said post is used on a molar or other tooth with more than one root, and interradicular bone between said more than one root;
wherein said guideblock has at least two holes;
wherein said post is placed in one guideblock hole in the position corresponding to one root of said molar or other tooth, and a different guideblock hole is used to position a drilling procedure for a dental implant into the interradicular bone between the roots of said molar or other tooth.
14. A kit for constructing a guide to align a dental implant based upon the position and depth of a natural tooth socket at the time of tooth extraction, said kit comprising:
at least one post with length and width dimensions capable of penetrating substantially to the bottom of an empty tooth socket, said post having a plurality of X-ray visible markers positioned along the length of said post;
a guideblock with an outer surface and at least one hole, said at least one hole having dimensions capable of fitting over at least a portion of said post; and
at least one O-ring configured to slip over said at least one post.
15. The kit of claim 14, in which said guideblock is substantially cylindrical, and in which said guideblock has a cylindrical outer surface which is knurled or otherwise textured so as to create a more secure connection with said guide material;
the height of said guideblock is between 5 mm and 9 mm, and the outer diameter of said guideblock is between 3 mm and 6 mm; and
wherein said at least one holes are substantially cylindrical, and wherein the inner diameter of said at least one holes are between 2 mm and 6 mm.
16. The kit of claim 14, wherein said post has a shape substantially similar to that of a larger cylinder, with a smaller diameter cylindrical tip along the axis of rotation of said larger cylinder;
the diameter of said larger cylinder is between 2 mm and 4 mm;
the diameter of smaller diameter cylindrical tip is between 1 mm and 2 mm;
said post further comprises a radio-opaque material;
said X-ray visible markers comprise plurality of grooves in said post with a spacing of approximately 2 to 4 mm between said grooves; and
at least the smaller diameter cylindrical tip of said post is bendable, wherein at least said tip of said post is bent in order to better fit the natural curvature of an empty tooth socket.
17. The kit of claim 14, further comprising at least one drill reduction guidance sleeve;
said drill reduction guidance sleeve comprising a first hollow cylinder, with a central hole extending through the axis of rotation of said cylinder;
one end of said hollow cylinder extending outward to form a larger radius flange;
the outer diameter of said cylindrical portion being configured to fit snugly but reversibly inside the diameter of said at least one hole in said guideblock;
and the outer diameter of said flange being configured so that said flange is substantially the same diameter as the outer diameter of said guideblock;
wherein said drill reduction guidance sleeve acts, during a drilling operation, to effectively reduce the diameter of said at least one hole in said guideblock to approximately the diameter of a drill bit for an implant of choice, thereby more precisely positioning the drill bit.
18. The kit of claim 14, further comprising a rapid setting or thermoplastic guide material, andor instructions for how to use said kit to construct said guide.
19. The kit of claim 14, further comprising a tool that contains a plurality of drill reduction guides positioned on a handle, said drill reduction guides configured to fit in said at least one hole of said guideblock, and further constrain the diameter of said at least one hole to approximately the diameter of a drill for an implant of choice, thereby facilitating rapid selection among different implant drill sizes and different implant diameters.