1. A fire resistant slipsheet in roll form, comprising:
a fiber mat having first and second sides; and
a coating containing expandable graphite, a filler, and a binder;
wherein the coating is bonded to at least one of the first and second sides of the fiber mat such that the coating penetrates at least one of the first and second sides of the fiber mat and wherein a single layer of the slipsheet achieves a Class A rating when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
2. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite is expandable graphite flakes.
3. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the coating further includes a flame retardant.
4. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 3, wherein the flame retardant is aluminum trihydrate.
5. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of fly ash, limestone, calcium carbonate, dolomite, talc, white sand, silica, ceramic microspheres, clay, crushed rock or slag, expanded rock (clay, slate, or shale), and mixtures thereof.
6. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the binder is a polymer latex binder.
7. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the coating further includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a water repellent material, an anti-fungal material, an anti-bacterial material, a surface friction agent, an algaecide, a thickener, a defoamer, a pH control agent, and colored pigments.
8. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the coating is bonded to both the first and second sides of the fiber mat.
9. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein a single layer of the slipsheet achieves a Class A rating for steep slope roofing systems when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
10. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein a single layer of the slipsheet achieves a Class A rating for low slope roofing systems when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
11. A fire resistant roofing system, comprising:
a deck;
a substantially single layer of slipsheet material covering substantially the entirety of the deck, comprising:
a fiber mat having first and second sides; and
a coating containing expandable graphite, a filler, and a binder;
wherein the coating is bonded to at least one of the first and second sides of the fiber mat such that the coating penetrates at least one of the first and second sides of the fiber mat; and
a roof covering covering substantially the entirety of the slipsheet;
wherein the roofing system achieves a Class A rating when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
12. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the coating is coated on the first side of the fiber mat and wherein the roof covering covers the first side of the fiber mat.
13. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the expandable graphite is expandable graphite flakes.
14. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the coating further includes a flame retardant.
15. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 14, wherein the flame retardant is aluminum trihydrate.
16. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of fly ash, limestone, calcium carbonate, dolomite, talc, silica, ceramic microspheres, clay, crushed rock or slag, expanded rock (clay, slate, or shale), and mixtures thereof.
17. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the binder is a polymer latex binder.
18. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the coating further includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a water repellent material, an anti-fungal material, an anti-bacterial material, a surface friction agent, an algaecide, a thickener, a defoamer, a pH control agent, and colored pigments.
19. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, further including an insulation layer.
20. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the roofing system achieves a Class A rating for steep slope roofing systems when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
21. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the roof covering is shingles.
22. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the roofing system achieves a Class A rating for low slope roofing systems when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
23. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the roof covering is a single ply membrane.
24. A method for installing a fire resistant roofing system that achieves a Class A rating when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, comprising:
providing a deck;
unrolling and installing a substantially single layer of a slipsheet material over substantially the entirety of the deck, the slipsheet comprising:
a fiber mat having first and second sides; and
a coating containing expandable graphite, a filler, and a binder;
wherein the coating is bonded to at least one of the first and second sides of the fiber mat such that the coating penetrates at least one of the first and second sides of the fiber mat; and
installing a roof covering over substantially the entirety of the slipsheet.
25. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, wherein the coating is bonded to the first side of the fiber mat and wherein the roof covering is installed over the first side of the fiber mat.
26. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, wherein the roofing system achieves a Class A rating for steep slope roofing systems when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
27. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, wherein the roof covering is shingles.
28. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, wherein the roofing system achieves a Class A rating for low slope roofing systems when tested according to UL 790 andor ASTM E-108 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.
29. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, wherein the roof covering is a single ply membrane.
30. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, further including providing an insulation layer.
31. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the coating is bonded to the fiber mat by chemical bonding, mechanical bonding, thermal bonding, or combinations thereof.
32. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the coating is bonded to the fiber mat by chemical bonding, mechanical bonding, thermal bonding, or combinations thereof.
33. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, wherein the coating is bonded to the fiber mat by chemical bonding, mechanical bonding, thermal bonding, or combinations thereof.
34. The fire resistant slipsheet in roll form of claim 1, wherein the coating is coated on the fiber mat by spraying, dip coating, knife coating, roll coating, blade coating, printing, or combinations thereof.
35. The fire resistant roofing system of claim 11, wherein the coating is coated on the fiber mat by spraying, dip coating, knife coating, roll coating, blade coating, printing, or combinations thereof.
36. The method for installing a fire resistant roofing system of claim 24, wherein the coating is coated on the fiber mat by spraying, dip coating, knife coating, roll coating, blade coating, printing, or combinations thereof.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of delivering liquefied natural gas (LNG) to a destination, comprising:
supplying an amount of LNG to gasification equipment;
converting the LNG into natural gas;
inserting the natural gas into a pipeline located offshore; and
delivering the natural gas to an existing natural gas pipeline system.
2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the supplying step further includes supplying the LNG using a ship.
3. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the pipeline located offshore is associated with an existing gas well.
4. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the gasification equipment is located on a barge.
5. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the converting step further comprises applying heat to the LNG through a vaporizer.
6. A system for delivering liquefied natural gas (LNG) to a destination, comprising:
a container of LNG;
gasification equipment connected to the container of LNG, wherein the gasification equipment converts the LNG to natural gas;
an offshore pipeline connected to the gasification equipment, wherein the natural gas produced by the gasification equipment is inserted into the offshore pipeline thereby providing natural gas to entitles connected to the pipeline.
7. The system as described in claim 6, wherein the container of LNG is a ship.
8. The system as described in claim 6, wherein the offshore pipeline is associated with an existing gas well.
9. The system as described in claim 6, wherein the gasification equipment is located on a barge.
10. The system as described in claim 6, further comprising a vaporizer to apply heat to the LNG.
11. A system for delivering liquefied natural gas (LNG) to a destination, comprising:
a container means for containing LNG;
a gasification means for converting the LNG to natural gas, the gasification means being connected to the container of LNG;
an offshore pipeline connected to the gasification equipment, wherein the natural gas produced by the gasification means is inserted into the offshore pipeline thereby providing natural gas to entitles connected to the pipeline.
12. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the container means is a ship.
13. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the offshore pipeline is associated with an existing gas well.
14. The system as described in claim 11, wherein the gasification means is located on a barge.
15. The system as described in claim 11, further comprising a vaporization means for vaporizing the LNG by applying heat.