1. A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(a) an isocyanate functional urethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(i) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; and
(ii) about 0.01 to about 0.5 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(b) about 0.1 to about 1.0 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate,
wherein the at least one polyol (ii) can be the same or different from the at least one polyol (b).
2. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, triisocyanates, dimers, trimers and mixtures thereof.
3. The polyurethane according to claim 2, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from the group consisting of ethylene diisocyanate, trimethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, octamethylene diisocyanate, nonamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,6,11-undecane-triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)-carbonate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)ether, trimethylhexane diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2\u2032-dimethylpentane diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexane diisocyanate, 2,4,4,-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanato-4-(isocyanatomethyl) octane, 2,5,7-trimethyl-1,8-diisocyanato-5-(isocyanatomethyl)octane, 2-isocyanatopropyl-2,6-diisocyanatohexanoate, lysinediisocyanate methyl ester, 4,4\u2032-methylene-bis-(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 4,4\u2032-isopropylidene-bis-(cyclohexyl isocyanate), 1,4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, 4,4\u2032-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 3-isocyanato methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate, meta-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanates, diphenyl isopropylidene diisocyanate, diphenylene diisocyanate, butene diisocyanate, 1,3-butadiene-1,4-diisocyanate, cyclohexane diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, bis(isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane, bis(isocyanatocyclohexyl)-2,2-propane, bis(isocyanatocyclohexyl)-1,2-ethane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-3-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-5-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo2.2.1-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-3-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo2.2.1-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-5-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo2.2.1-heptane, 2-isocyanato-methyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-isocyanatomethyl-bicyclo2.2.1-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-3-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-(2-isocyanatoethyl)-bicyclo2.2.1-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-5-(2-isocyanatoethyl)-bicyclo-2.2.1-heptane, 2-isocyanatomethyl-2-(3-isocyanatopropyl)-6-(2-isocyanatoethyl)-bicyclo2.2.1-heptane, \u03b1,\u03b1\u2032-xylene diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)benzene, \u03b1,\u03b1,\u03b1\u2032,\u03b1\u2032-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) benzene, bis(isocyanatobutyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)naphthalene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)diphenyl ether, bis(isocyanatoethyl) phthalate, mesitylene triisocyanate, 2,5-di(isocyanatomethyl)furan, \u03b1,\u03b1\u2032-xylene diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatoethyl)benzene, \u03b1,\u03b1,\u03b1\u2032,\u03b1\u2032-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatobutyl) benzene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)naphthalene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)diphenyl ether, bis(isocyanatoethyl) phthalate, 2,5-di(isocyanatomethyl)furan, diphenylether diisocyanate, bis(isocyanatophenylether)ethyleneglycol, bis(isocyanatophenylether)-1,3-propyleneglycol, benzophenone diisocyanate, carbazole diisocyanate, ethylcarbazole diisocyanate, dichlorocarbazole diisocyanate, and dimers, trimers and mixtures thereof.
4. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is isophorone diisocyanate.
5. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate comprises a mixture of 4,4\u2032-methylene-bis-(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and isophorone diisocyanate.
6. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the polyisocyanate is a trimer of a diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, and mixtures thereof.
7. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein each of the polyol (ii) and polyol (b) is independently selected from the group consisting of glycerol, tetramethylolmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, sorbitan, alkoxylated derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof.
8. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the polyol (ii) andor polyol (b) is trimethylolpropane.
9. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the components further comprise at least one polyol (c) different from polyol (b) or polyol (ii), based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate.
10. The polyurethane according to claim 9, wherein the polyol (c) is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-ethanediol, propanediol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, heptanediol, octanediol, nonanediol, decanediol, dodecane diol, octadecanediol, sorbitol, mannitol, cyclopentanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-benzenedimethanol, xylene glycol, hydroxybenzyl alcohol, dihydroxytoluene bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, 1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)piperazine, N,N\u2032,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide and mixtures thereof.
11. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the components further comprise one or more polyurethane polyols, acrylamides, polyvinyl alcohols, hydroxy functional acrylates, hydroxy functional methacrylates, allyl alcohols, dihydroxy oxamides, dihydroxyamides, dihydroxy piperidines, dihydroxy phthalates, dihydroxyethyl hydroquinones and mixtures thereof.
12. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the components further comprise about 0.01 to about 0.5 equivalent of water per 1 equivalent of polyisocyanate.
13. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product components are essentially free of polyester polyol.
14. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product components are essentially free of polyether polyol.
15. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product components are essentially free of amine curing agent.
16. The polyurethane according to claim 1, wherein, upon mixing, the reaction components are maintained at a temperature of at least about 100\xb0 C. for at least about 10 minutes prior to degassing, and reacted at a temperature of at least about 110\xb0 C. for at least about 6 hours.
17. A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(a) an isocyanate functional urethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(i) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; and
(ii) about 0.1 to about 0.3 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(b) about 0.7 to about 0.9 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate,
wherein the at least one polyol (ii) can be the same or different from the polyol (b).
18. An article comprising the polyurethane of claim 1.
19. The article according to claim 18, wherein the article is a molded article.
20. The article according to claim 18, wherein the article is selected from the group consisting of optical articles, optical lenses, photochromic articles, photochromic lenses, windows, transparencies, windshields, sidelights, backlights, aircraft transparencies, ballistic resistant articles, windmill components, glazings, exterior viewing surfaces of liquid crystal displays, cathode ray tubes, films, sheeting, conductive films, microwave absorbing films, low resistance films, blast resistant panels, bullet resistant panels, and radomes.
21. The article according to claim 18, wherein the article is an aircraft transparency.
22. The article according to claim 18, wherein the article is a curved article.
23. The article according to claim 18, wherein the article is a flat article.
24. An article comprising at least one layer of the polyurethane of claim 1 and at least one layer of polycarbonate.
25. A laminate comprising:
(a) at least one layer of the polyurethane of claim 1; and
(b) at least one layer of a substrate selected from the group consisting of paper, glass, ceramic, wood, masonry, textile, metal or organic polymeric material and combinations thereof.
26. A coating composition comprising the polyurethane of claim 1.
27. A poly(ureaurethane) comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(a) an isocyanate functional ureaurethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(i) about 1 equivalent of an isocyanate functional urethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(1) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; and
(2) about 0.01 to about 0.5 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(ii) about 0.01 to about 0.5 equivalent of water, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(b) about 0.1 to about 1.0 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate,
wherein the at least one polyol (2) can be the same or different from the at least one polyol (b).
28. A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components consisting of:
(a) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; and
(b) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate.
29. A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components comprising: (a) an isocyanate functional urethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising: (i) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; (ii) about 0.1 to about 0.5 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and (iii) about 0.01 to about 0.2 equivalent of at least one polyol having 2 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and (b) about 0.1 to about 1.0 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate, wherein the at least one polyol (ii) can be the same or different from the at least one polyol (b).
30. A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(a) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate;
(b) about 0.1 to about 1 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(c) about 0.01 to about 0.2 equivalent of at least one polyol having 2 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate.
31. A polyurethane comprising a reaction product of components consisting of:
(a) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate;
(b) about 0.1 to about 1 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(c) about 0.01 to about 0.2 equivalent of at least one polyol having 2 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate.
32. A polyurethane consisting of a reaction product of components consisting of:
(a) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; and
(b) about 1 equivalent of at least one branched polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
33. The polyurethane according to claim 30, wherein the at least one polyisocyanate comprises a mixture of 4,4\u2032-methylene-bis-(cyclohexyl isocyanate) and isophorone diisocyanate.
34. A poly(ureaurethane) comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(a) an isocyanate functional ureaurethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(i) about 1 equivalent of an isocyanate functional urethane prepolymer comprising a reaction product of components comprising:
(1) about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate; and
(2) about 0.01 to about 0.5 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(ii) about 0.01 to about 0.5 equivalent of water, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate; and
(b) about 0.1 to about 1.0 equivalent of at least one polyol having two hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate.
35. A process for preparing a polyurethane article comprising:
(a) heating a mixture of about 1 equivalent of at least one polyisocyanate and about 0.01 to about 0.5 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, to a temperature of about 110\xb0 C. to about 130\xb0 C. for at least about an hour to form a reaction product;
(b) mixing the reaction product (a) with about 0.3 to about 1 equivalent of at least one polyol having at least 3 hydroxyl groups, based upon the about 1 equivalent of the at least one polyisocyanate, until the mixture reaches a temperature of at least about 110\xb0 C. to about 130\xb0 C., optionally heating if necessary;
(c) casting the reaction product into a mold preheated to a temperature of at least about 100\xb0 C. to about 130\xb0 C.; and
(d) curing the reaction product at a first predetermined temperature of about 100\xb0 C. to about 120\xb0 C. for at least about 0.5 hours; and then at a second predetermined temperature of about 140\xb0 C. to about 180\xb0 C. for about 15 to about 30 hours.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A wind noise rejection apparatus comprising a plurality of omnidirectional transducer elements, means for receiving the outputs of the elements and for adding the outputs together, and an acoustically resistive material, wherein all the transducers are exposed to the wind, and the plurality of omnidirectional transducer elements are contained within a housing comprising one or more holes, wherein the transducer elements each comprise an input port and each input port is arranged to point in a direction away from the one or more holes, and said at least one input port is arranged to point in a direction away from the plane of the surface on which the hole is provided, and wherein the acoustically resistive material is at least placed over the one or more holes to cover the one or more holes entirely.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein there are at least three transducer elements located in an array forming part of an imaginary sphere or parabola.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the elements are mounted at the appropriate angle and orientation by use of an over-moulded high temperature polymer which will be placed by the standard SMT process.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the plurality of elements are manufactured using semiconductor micro fabrication techniques.