1. A method for monitoring a packet network, comprising:
receiving, by a processor, a plurality of call detail records at a completion of a call from a plurality of voice gateway routers that serviced the call over the packet network;
matching, by the processor, a first call detail record of the plurality of call detail records with a second call detail record of the plurality of call detail records that were generated from the call based upon a source address and a destination address;
analyzing, by the processor, the first call detail record and the second call detail record that are matched; and
monitoring, by the processor, a call performance parameter in accordance with the first call detail record and the second call detail record that are matched, wherein the call performance parameter comprises a hairpin parameter, wherein the monitoring the call performance parameter comprises determining whether the call performance parameter has exceeded a threshold value in a predetermined timeframe.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the call performance parameter is one of a plurality of call performance parameters that is monitored, wherein another one of the plurality of call performance parameters comprises a packet loss parameter.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating an alarm if the threshold value is exceeded.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating a ticket if the threshold value is exceeded.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying a customer care work center if the threshold value is exceeded.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
notifying a customer directly if the threshold value is exceeded.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of call detail records is provided to a call detail record collecting and analysis server.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of voice gateway routers is located at a customer location.
9. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a plurality of instructions, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations for monitoring a packet network, the operations comprising:
receiving a plurality of call detail records at a completion of a call from a plurality of voice gateway routers that serviced the call over the packet network;
matching a first call detail record of the plurality of call detail records with a second call detail record of the plurality of call detail records that were generated from the call based upon a source address and a destination address;
the first call detail record and the second call detail record that are matched; and
monitoring a call performance parameter in accordance with the first call detail record and the second call detail record that are matched, wherein the call performance parameter comprises a hairpin parameter, wherein the monitoring the call performance parameter comprises determining whether the call performance parameter has exceeded a threshold value in a predetermined timeframe.
10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the call performance parameter is one of a plurality of call performance parameters that is monitored, wherein another one of the plurality of call performance parameters comprises a packet loss parameter.
11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising:
generating an alarm if the threshold value is exceeded.
12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising:
generating a ticket if the threshold value is exceeded.
13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising:
notifying a customer care work center if the threshold value is exceeded.
14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, further comprising:
notifying a customer directly if the threshold value is exceeded.
15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the plurality of call detail records is provided to a call detail record collecting and analysis server.
16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 9, wherein each of the plurality of voice gateway routers is located at a customer location.
17. An apparatus for monitoring a packet network, comprising:
a call detail record collecting and analysis server for receiving a plurality of call detail records at a completion of a call from a plurality of voice gateway routers that serviced the call over the packet network, for matching a first call detail record of the plurality of call detail records with a second call detail record of the plurality of call detail records that were generated from the call based upon a source address and a destination address, for analyzing the first call detail record and the second call detail record that are matched, and for monitoring a call performance parameter in accordance with the first call detail record and the second call detail record that are matched, wherein the call performance parameter comprises a hairpin parameter, wherein the monitoring the call performance parameter comprises determining whether the call performance parameter has exceeded a threshold value in a predetermined timeframe.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A structure, comprising:
a porous cross-linked layer of a silsesquioxane polymer or a silsesquioxane polymer on a substrate;
a trench in said cross-linked layer; and
an electrically conductive material filling said trench and contacting said substrate in a bottom of said trench.
2. The structure of claim 1, further including:
an additional porous cross-linked layer of an additional silsesquioxane on said cross-linked layer;
an additional trench in said additional cross-linked layer, a top of said trench open to a bottom of said additional trench; and
said electrically conductive material additionally filling said additional trench.
3. The structure of claim 2, wherein said additional porous cross-linked layer comprises (i) three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (4) or (ii) three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (3) or (iii) four monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7), (3) and (4):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl and cycloalkyl moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
wherein m, q, o, and p represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+o+p equal to or greater than about 40 mol % and wherein when only three monomers are present either p is zero or o is zero.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein said cross-linked layer has a dielectric constant of about 3.0 or less.
5. The structure of claim 1, wherein said cross-linked layer comprises (i) three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (4) or (ii) three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (3) or (iii) four monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7), (3) and (4):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl and cycloalkyl moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
wherein m, q, o, and p represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+o+p equal to or greater than about 40 mol % and wherein when only three monomers are present either p is zero or o is zero.
6. The structure of claim 5, said porous cross-linked layer including:
an additive silsesquioxane polymer of structure (5):
wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl moieties; and
wherein s is an integer between about 10 and about 1000.
7. The structure of claim 1, said porous cross-linked layer comprising four monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7), (3) and (4):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl and cycloalkyl moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
wherein m, q, o, and p represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+o+p equal to or greater than about 40 mol %.
8. The structure of claim 7, wherein said porous cross-linked layer consists essentially of a cross-linked polymer of structural formulas (1), (7), (3) and (4), R1 is a methyl moiety and m is between about 40 mol % and about 70 mol %, R3 is an ethyl moiety and o is between about 10 mol % and about 30 mol %, and p is between about 5 mol % and about 15 mol %.
9. The structure of claim 7, said porous cross-linked layer including:
an additive silsesquioxane polymer of structure (5):
wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl moieties; and
wherein s is an integer between about 10 and about 1000.
10. The structure of claim 1, said porous cross-linked layer comprising three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (3):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl and cycloalkyl moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
wherein m, q, and o represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+o equal to or greater than about 40 mol %.
11. The structure of claim 10, said porous cross-linked layer including:
an additive silsesquioxane polymer of structure (5):
wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl moieties; and
wherein s is an integer between about 10 and about 1000.
12. The structure of claim 1, said porous cross-linked layer comprising (i) three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (4):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein m, q, and p represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+p equal to or greater than about 40 mol %.
13. The structure of claim 12, said porous cross-linked layer including including:
an additive silsesquioxane polymer of structure (5):
wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl moieties; and
wherein s is an integer between about 10 and about 1000.
14. The structure of claim 2, said additional porous cross-linked layer including:
an additive silsesquioxane polymer of structure (5):
wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl moieties; and
wherein s is an integer between about 10 and about 1000.
15. The structure of claim 2, said additional porous cross-linked layer comprising four monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7), (3) and (4):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl and cycloalkyl moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
wherein m, q, o, and p represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+o+p equal to or greater than about 40 mol %.
16. The structure of claim 15, wherein said additional porous cross-linked layer consists essentially of a cross-linked polymer of structural formulas (1), (7), (3) and (4), R1 is a methyl moiety and m is between about 40 mol % and about 70 mol %, R3 is an ethyl moiety and o is between about 10 mol % and about 30 mol %, and p is between about 5 mol % and about 15 mol %.
17. The structure of claim 2, said additional porous cross-linked layer comprising three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (3):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl and cycloalkyl moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and
wherein m, q, and o represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+o equal to or greater than about 40 mol %.
18. The structure of claim 2, said additional porous cross-linked layer comprising (i) three monomers of the structural formulas (1), (7) and (4):
wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of linear alkyl, branched alkyl, cycloalkyl, aromatic, arene and ester moieties, each containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
wherein m, q, and p represent the mole percent (mol %) of repeating units with m+q+p equal to or greater than about 40 mol %.
19. The structure of claim 2, wherein said additional cross-linked layer has a dielectric constant of about 3.0 or less.
20. The structure of claim 1, wherein said cross-linked layer has a dielectric constant of about 2.5 or less