What is claimed is:
1. A multilayer film comprising:
a) a first outer layer comprising a blend of
i) a polymer, and
ii) an antifog agent;
b) an internal layer comprising an oxygen scavenger; and
c) a second outer layer comprising a polymer;
wherein the antifog agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) glycerol fatty acid ester,
ii) polyglycerol fatty acid ester,
iii) polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester,
iv) polyethylene glycol alkyl ether,
v) ethoxylated alkyl phenol,
vi) sorbitan ester,
vii) ethoxylated sorbitan ester, and
viii) alkanol; and
wherein the first outer layer comprises more than 3% and less than 8%, by weight of the first outer layer, of antifog agent.
2. The multilayer film of claim 1 wherein the polymer of the first and second outer layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
a) ethylenealpha olefin copolymer;
b) ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer;
c) ionomer resin;
d) ethyleneacrylic or methacrylic acid copolymer;
e) ethyleneacrylate or methacrylate copolymer; and
f) low density polyethylene.
3. The multilayer film of claim 1 wherein the oxygen scavenger comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) oxidizable organic compound and a transition metal catalyst,
ii) ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon and a transition metal catalyst,
iii) a polymer having a polymeric backbone, cyclic olefinic pendent group, and linking group linking the olefinic pendent group to the polymeric backbone,
iv) a copolymer of ethylene and a strained, cyclic alkylene,
v) ethylenevinyl aralkyl copolymer,
vi) ascorbate,
vii) isoascorbate,
viii) sulfite,
ix) ascorbate and a transition metal catalyst, the catalyst comprising a simple metal or salt, or a compound, complex or chelate of the transition metal,
x) a transition metal complex or chelate of a polycarboxylic acid, salicylic acid, or polyamine,
xi) a tannin, and
xii) reduced metal.
4. The film of claim 1 comprising an oxygen barrier layer, disposed between the internal layer comprising the oxygen scavenger, and one of the first and second outer layers, the oxygen barrier layer having an oxygen transmission rate of no more than 100 ccm224 hr at 25 C., 0% RH, 1 atm (ASTM D 3985).
5. The film of claim 4 wherein the oxygen barrier comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) polyester,
ii) polyvinyl alcohol,
iii) ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer,
iv) polyethylene naphthalate,
v) polyamide,
vi) polyamide,
vii) copolyamide,
viii) polyacrylonitrile,
ix) acrylonitrile copolymer,
x) liquid crystal polymer,
xi) SiOx,
xii) polyvinyl chloride,
xiii) polyvinylidene chloride,
xiv) vinylidene chloride copolymer,
xv) carbon,
xvi) metal, and
xvii) metal oxide.
6. The film of claim 1 wherein the average oxygen scavenging rate of the film is at least 25 ccm2day for at least two days after the oxygen scavenging property of the film is activated.
7. The film of claim 1 wherein the film is cross-linked.
8. The film of claim 1 wherein the film is biaxially oriented and heat shrinkable.
9. A multilayer film comprising:
a) a first layer comprising a blend of:
i) a polymer, and
ii) an antifog agent;
b) a second layer comprising an oxygen scavenger;
c) a third layer comprising a polymeric adhesive;
d) a fourth layer comprising a polyamide;
e) a fifth layer comprising an oxygen barrier;
f) a sixth layer comprising a polyamide;
g) a seventh layer comprising a polymeric adhesive; and
h) an eighth layer comprising a polymer;
wherein the antifog agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) glycerol fatty acid ester,
ii) polyglycerol fatty acid ester,
iii) polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester,
iv) polyethylene glycol alkyl ether,
v) ethoxylated alkyl phenol,
vi) sorbitan ester,
vii) ethoxylated sorbitan ester, and
viii) alkanol; and
wherein the first layer comprises more than 3% and less than 8%, by weight of the first layer, of antifog agent.
10. The multilayer film of claim 9 wherein the polymer of the first and eighth layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
a) ethylenealpha olefin copolymer;
b) ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer;
c) ionomer resin;
d) ethyleneacrylic or methacrylic acid copolymer;
e) ethyleneacrylate or methacrylate copolymer; and
f) low density polyethylene.
11. The multilayer film of claim 9 wherein the oxygen scavenger of the second layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) oxidizable organic compound and a transition metal catalyst,
ii) ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon and a transition metal catalyst,
iii) a polymer having a polymeric backbone, cyclic olefinic pendent group, and linking group linking the olefinic pendent group to the polymeric backbone,
iv) a copolymer of ethylene and a strained, cyclic alkylene,
v) ethylenevinyl aralkyl copolymer,
vi) ascorbate,
vii) isoascorbate,
viii) sulfite,
ix) ascorbate and a transition metal catalyst, the catalyst comprising a simple metal or salt, or a compound, complex or chelate of the transition metal,
x) a transition metal complex or chelate of a polycarboxylic acid, salicylic acid, or polyamine,
xi) a tannin, and
xii) reduced metal.
12. The multilayer film of claim 9 wherein the polymeric adhesive of the third and seventh layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer;
ii) anhydride grafted ethylenevinyl acetate copolymer;
iii) anhydride grafted ethylenealpha olefin copolymer; and
iv) anhydride grafted low density polyethylene.
13. The multilayer film of claim 9 wherein the polyamide of the fourth and sixth layers comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) polyamide 6,
ii) polyamide 9,
iii) polyamide 10,
iv) polyamide 11,
v) polyamide 12,
vi) polyamide 66,
vii) polyamide 610,
viii) polyamide 612,
ix) polyamide 6I,
x) polyamide 6T,
xi) polyamide 69,
xii) polyamide 6I6T,
xiii) polyamide 666,
xiv) polyamide 666,
xv) polyamide 6610,
xvi) polyamide 669,
xvii) polyamide MXD6,
xviii) polyamide MXD6MXDI, and
xix) polyamide MXD66T.
14. The multilayer film of claim 9 wherein the oxygen barrier of the fifth layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) polyester,
ii) polyvinyl alcohol,
iii) ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer,
iv) polyethylene naphthalate,
v) polyamide,
vi) polyamide,
vii) copolyamide,
viii) polyacrylonitrile,
ix) acrylonitrile copolymer,
x) liquid crystal polymer,
xi) SiOx,
xii) polyvinyl chloride,
xiii) polyvinylidene chloride,
xiv) vinylidene chloride copolymer,
xv) carbon,
xvi) metal, and
xvii) metal oxide.
15. The multilayer film of claim 9 wherein the antifog agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) glycerol fatty acid ester,
ii) polyglycerol fatty acid ester,
iii) polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester,
iv) polyethylene glycol alkyl ether,
v) ethoxylated alkyl phenol,
vi) sorbitan ester,
vii) ethoxylated sorbitan ester, and
viii) alkanol.
16. A laminate comprising:
a) a multilayer film comprising:
i) a first layer comprising a blend of:
(a) a polymer, and
(b) an antifog agent;
ii) a second layer comprising an oxygen scavenger;
iii) a third layer comprising a polymeric adhesive;
(iv) a fourth layer comprising a polyamide;
(v) a fifth layer comprising an oxygen barrier;
(vi) a sixth layer comprising a polyamide;
(vii) a seventh layer comprising a polymeric adhesive; and
(viii) an eighth layer comprising a polymer, and
b) a second film comprising a polyethylene terephthalate, the second film bonded to the eighth layer of the multilayer film;
wherein the antifog agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) glycerol fatty acid ester,
ii) polyglycerol fatty acid ester,
iii) polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester,
iv) polyethylene glycol alkyl ether,
v) ethoxylated alkyl phenol,
vi) sorbitan ester,
vii) ethoxylated sorbitan ester, and
viii) alkanol; and
wherein the first layer comprises more than 3% and less than 8%, by weight of the first layer, of antifog agent.
17. The laminate of claim 16 wherein the antifog agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) glycerol fatty acid ester,
ii) polyglycerol fatty acid ester,
iii) polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester,
iv) polyethylene glycol alkyl ether,
v) ethoxylated alkyl phenols,
vi) sorbitan ester,
vii) ethoxylated sorbitan ester, and
viii) alkanol.
18. A laminate comprising:
a) a multilayer film comprising:
i) a first layer comprising a blend of:
(a) a polymer, and
(b) an antifog agent;
ii) a second layer comprising an oxygen scavenger; and
iii) a third layer comprising a polymer, and
b) a second film comprising a polyethylene terephthalate, the second film bonded to the third layer of the multilayer film;
wherein the antifog agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) glycerol fatty acid ester,
ii) polyglycerol fatty acid ester,
iii) polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester,
iv) polyethylene glycol alkyl ether,
v) ethoxylated alkyl phenol,
vi) sorbitan ester,
vii) ethoxylated sorbitan ester, and
viii) alkanol; and
wherein the first layer comprises more than 3% and less than 8%, by weight of the first layer, of antifog agent.
19. The laminate of claim 18 wherein the antifog agent comprises a material selected from the group consisting of:
i) glycerol fatty acid ester,
ii) polyglycerol fatty acid ester,
iii) polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester,
iv) polyethylene glycol alkyl ether,
v) ethoxylated alkyl phenols,
vi) sorbitan ester,
vii) ethoxylated sorbitan ester, and
viii) alkanol.
20. The laminate of claim 18 wherein the antifog agent comprises more than 3% and less than 8% by weight of the first layer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system, comprising:
host logic; and
a programmable motor drive coupled to said host logic and configured to drive a motor, wherein said programmable motor drive comprises a plurality of H-bridge circuits and said programmable motor drive is programmable to cause any two or more H-bridge circuits to be operated in parallel;
wherein said programmable motor drive further comprises programmable selection logic that enables any of multiple H-bridge drive signals to be provided to any of said H-bridge circuits; and
wherein each H-bridge circuit has an output over-current signal, and wherein said programmable selection logic enables an over-current output signal from a first H-bridge to be provided as an input over-current signal to another H-bridge circuit that is coupled together and operated in parallel with the first H-bridge circuit.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein said H-bridge drive signals comprise pulse width modulated (PWM) signals.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein said selection logic comprises a multiplexer associated with each H-bridge circuit.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein each multiplexer receives a control signal from said host logic that causes the multiplexer to provide one of multiple possible over current limit input signals to the H-bridge circuit associated such multiplexer.
5. The system of claim 3 wherein each multiplexer receives a control signal from said host logic that causes the multiplexer to provide one of multiple input motor drive signals to be provided to the H-bridge circuit associated such multiplexer.
6. The system of claim 1 further comprising a demultiplexer associated with each H-bridge circuit, each demultiplexer receives an over-current signal from the associated H-bridge circuit.
7. The system of claim 6 further comprising an OR-gate that receives signals from at least some of said demultiplexers, wherein the output of said OR-gate is provided as an input to multiplexers coupled to the H-bridge circuits to thereby provide an indication of an over-current condition to all H-bridges that are coupled and operated in parallel.
8. An apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of H-bridge circuits, each adapted to drive a motor; and
selection logic coupled to said H-bridge circuits and configurable to cause any two or more of said H-bridge circuits to be operated in parallel;
wherein said selection logic causes an over-current fault signal from a first H-bridge circuit to be provided as an input over-current fault signal to any other H-bridge circuit coupled to the first H-bridge circuit.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said selection logic comprises a plurality of multiplexers, one multiplexer being coupled to an associated H-bridge circuit and each such multiplexer configurable to provide any of multiple motor drive signals to the associated H-bridge circuit.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the motor drive signals comprise pulse width modulated (PWM) signals.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said selection logic comprises a plurality of demultiplexers, one demultiplexer being coupled to and receiving an over-current fault signal from an associated H-bridge circuit, and wherein each demultiplexer is controlled by a control signal that also species to the selection logic which of multiple motor drive signals to provide to the associated H-bridge circuit.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said selection logic further comprises a plurality of OR gates, one OR gate coupled to each demultiplexer, and wherein each OR gate receives an output signal from each of said demultiplexers.
13. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said selection logic comprises a plurality of multiplexers and provides a separate control signal to each multiplexer, each multiplexer receiving a plurality of motor drive signals, and each control signal causing an associated multiplexer receiving such control signal to provide a select motor drive signal to be provided to an associated H-bridge circuit.
14. A method, comprising
generating a plurality of control signals;
selecting motor drive signals to be provided to H-bridge circuits based on said control signals so that at least two H-bridge circuits are operated in parallel; and
providing an over-current fault signal from a first H-bridge circuit to another H-bridge circuit operated in parallel with the first H-bridge circuit.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein providing the over-current fault signal comprising using at least one of said control signals.