1. An inlet particle separator system for a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a separator inlet structured to receive a vitiated air flow;
an inertial particle separator in fluid communication with the separator inlet, wherein the inertial particle separator is structured to receive the vitiated air flow and discharge a cleaned air flow and a scavenge flow;
a scavenge flowpath positioned to receive the scavenge flow from the inertial particle separator;
a cleaned air flowpath positioned to receive the cleaned air flow from the inertial particle separator;
a variable output ejector in fluid communication with said flowpaths, wherein said variable output ejector is structured to provide a variable draw on the scavenge flowpath using a portion of the cleaned air flow as a motive fluid for operating said variable output ejector; and
a cleaned air engine inlet in fluid communication with the cleaned air flowpath, wherein the cleaned air engine inlet is structured to receive the balance of the cleaned air flow and to direct the balance into the gas turbine engine as at least one of a core flow and a fan bypass flow of the gas turbine engine.
2. The inlet particle separator system of claim 1, wherein said variable ejector is structured to entrain the scavenge flow with the motive fluid.
3. The inlet particle separator system of claim 1, further comprising a variable bleed system having a variable flow area, wherein the variable bleed system is structured to vary the amount of the cleaned air flow used as the motive fluid.
4. The inlet particle separator system of claim 3, wherein said variable bleed system is structured to reduce the static pressure of the motive fluid to a pressure below the total pressure of the scavenge flow.
5. The inlet particle separator system of claim 3, wherein said variable bleed system includes a plurality of bleed doors, each bleed door having a minimum flow position and a maximum flow position; and wherein the plurality of bleed doors are structured to vary the flow area by moving between the minimum flow position and the maximum flow position.
6. The inlet particle separator system of claim 3, further comprising a variable guide vane structured to cooperate with said variable bleed system to direct the motive fluid through the variable output ejector.
7. The inlet particle separator system of claim 1, wherein said variable output ejector includes means for varying the draw on the scavenge flowpath.
8. An inlet particle separator system for a turbofan engine, comprising:
a separator inlet structured to receive a vitiated air flow;
a particle separator in fluid communication with said separator inlet and structured to output a cleaned air flow from the vitiated air flow;
a scavenge flowpath in fluid communication with both said particle separator and a first fan bypass duct of the turbofan engine, wherein the first bypass duct is configured to direct a first bypass flow; and wherein said scavenge flowpath is structured to receive a scavenge flow from the particle separator and to discharge the scavenge flow into the first fan bypass duct;
an ejector in fluid communication with particle separator, the scavenge flowpath and the first fan duct, wherein said ejector is structured to provide a draw on the scavenge flowpath using a portion of the cleaned air flow as a motive fluid for operating said ejector; and
an engine inlet structured to receive the balance of the cleaned air flow and to direct the cleaned air flow into at least one of an engine core of the turbofan engine as a core flow and a second bypass duct of the turbofan engine as a second bypass flow.
9. The inlet particle separator system of claim 8, further comprising a variable bleed system having a variable flow area, wherein the variable bleed system is structured to vary the amount of the cleaned air flow used as the motive fluid.
10. The inlet particle separator system of claim 9, wherein said variable bleed system is structured to reduce the static pressure of the motive fluid to a pressure below the total pressure of the scavenge flow.
11. The inlet particle separator system of claim 9, wherein said variable bleed system includes a plurality of bleed doors, each bleed door having a minimum flow position and a maximum flow position; and wherein the plurality of bleed doors are structured to vary the flow area by moving between the minimum flow position and the maximum flow position.
12. The inlet particle separator system of claim 9, further comprising a variable guide vane structured to cooperate with said variable bleed system to direct the motive fluid through the ejector.
13. An apparatus, comprising:
a fan stage;
an inlet particle separator system in fluid communication with said fan stage, said inlet particle separator system including:
a separator inlet structured to receive a vitiated air flow;
an inertial particle separator in fluid communication with the separator inlet, wherein the inertial particle separator is structured to receive the vitiated air flow and discharge a cleaned air flow and a scavenge flow;
a scavenge flowpath positioned to receive the scavenge flow from the inertial particle separator;
a clean air flowpath positioned to receive the cleaned air flow from the inertial particle separator and direct the cleaned air flow into the fan stage; and
a variable output ejector in fluid communication with said scavenge flowpath and said clean air flowpath; wherein said variable output ejector is structured to provide a variable draw on the scavenge flowpath using a portion of the cleaned air flow exiting the fan stage as a motive fluid for operating said variable output ejector;
a gas turbine engine comprising:
a compressor section in fluid communication with the inlet particle separator system;
a combustor section in fluid communication with said compressor section; and
a turbine section in fluid communication with said combustor.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the fan stage is upstream of the ejector; wherein the fan stage is structured to pressurize the cleaned air flow, the motive fluid thereby being pressurized; and wherein said variable ejector is structured to entrain the scavenge flow using the motive fluid and to discharge a combined flowstream formed of the motive fluid and the scavenge flow.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a turbofan bypass duct in fluid communication with the ejector, wherein the turbofan bypass duct is structured to direct the combined flowstream.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising an other turbofan bypass duct structured to direct at least some of the cleaned air flow as an other bypass flow different than the combined flowstream.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising an other fan stage structured to receive the balance of the cleaned air flow.
18. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising a variable bleed system having a variable flow area, wherein the variable bleed system is structured to vary the amount of the cleaned air flow used as the motive fluid.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said variable bleed system is structured to reduce the static pressure of the motive fluid to a pressure below the total pressure of the scavenge flow.
20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein said variable bleed system includes a plurality of bleed doors, each bleed door having a minimum flow position and a maximum flow position, wherein the plurality of bleed doors are structured to vary the flow area by moving between the minimum flow position and the maximum flow position.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. The combination of a circuit board that has a plated hole, and a plurality of electrical contacts each formed of sheet metal, each contact having an inboard region bent into a tubular shape and with at least a portion of said inboard region lying in one of said plated holes and each contact having a top region that projects above an upper face of the circuit board, wherein:
said inboard region of each contact has a vertical axis and has laterally opposite inboard side walls on laterally opposite sides of said axis, said side walls having rear edges and having front edges, and said inboard region has a rear wall that merges with said side wall rear edges;
a first of said inboard side walls has an extension that extends from the front edge of said first side wall and that is bent to extend primarily parallel to said rear wall and that has a free edge that abuts the front edge of the second inboard side wall.
2. The combination described in claim 1 wherein:
said inboard region has an imaginary middle horizontal plane, and said rear wall and said extension each has a hole lying above said horizontal plane and a hole lying below said horizontal plane, whereby compressing forces are concentrated along the horizontal plane.
3. The combination described in claim 1 wherein:
said extension and said rear wall of said inboard region each are curved about vertical axes to have a convex outer surface prior to insertion of the inboard region into the plated hole, whereby to facilitate further bending during insertion into the circuit board plated hole.
4. The combination described in claim 1, wherein:
said second inboard side wall has a front end with at least one recess therein, and said extension free edge forms at least one projecting finger that projects into said recess.
5. The combination described in claim 1 wherein:
said side wall, rear wall and extension form a largely rectangular cross-section that is elongated in one direction, and that lies in an interference fit in said circuit board hole.
6. The combination described in claim 1 wherein:
the top region of each contact has laterally opposite side walls with rear edges and a rear wall that connects said rear edges of said side walls;
along a lower portion of said top region said side walls form forward projections that project forward of side wall front ends at locations above said lower portion, said forward projections having upwardly-facing upper shoulders for receiving downward forces to downwardly press said inboard regions into said circuit board hole.
7. The combination described in claim 6 wherein:
above said lower portion of said top region, said top region has a front wall that extends parallel to said rear wall and that has a free end.
8. The combination described in claim 1 wherein:
at least one of said walls in coined to a smaller thickness than the thickness of the sheet metal along said top region, to thereby increase the length of the coined wall.
9. The combination of a circuit board that has a plated hole and a plurality of electrical contacts each formed of sheet metal, wherein:
each of said contacts is vertically elongated and forms a column formed by a rear wall having laterally opposite edges and a pair of side walls that each extends forward from one of the rear wall edges;
said column having a top region that lies above the circuit board and an inboard region that lies in the circuit board;
along said inboard region a first of said side walls has an extension that is bent 90\xb0 to extend primarily parallel to said rear wall, said extension having a free edge that engages a front end of the second side wall;
said top region has a lower portion that lies immediately above an upper face of said circuit board, where said side walls each has a forward projection that forms a top shoulder.
10. The combination described in claim 9 wherein:
said contacts each has an inboard region wall that is coined, to decrease its thickness and increase its width.
11. An electrical contact formed of bent sheet metal with an inboard region bent into a tubular shape for insertion in an interference fit into a plated circuit board hole, said contact having a top region for lying in and below a housing of an electrical component and above said circuit board, wherein:
said top region is in the form of a vertically elongated column that has laterally opposite side walls and a rear wall that connects said laterally opposite side walls, said column including a lower column part where said laterally opposite side walls each has a forward projection that forms an upwardly-facing shoulder that can be pressed down to insert said inboard region into a circuit board hole;
said inboard region has a vertical axis and has laterally opposite inboard side walls on opposite sides of said axis, and a rear inboard wall that connects rear edges of said inboard side walls, a first of said inboard side walls has a front end forming an extension that is bent about said axis and that has an extreme edge that abuts a front edge of the second inboard side wall.
12. An electrical contact formed of bent sheet metal with an inboard region bent into a tubular shape for insertion in an interference fit into a plated circuit board hole, said contact having a top region for lying in and below a housing of an electrical component and above said circuit board, wherein:
said inboard region has a cross-section, as taken along said axis, which forms a closed loop with abutting edges of the sheet metal in the loop;
said closed loop is elongated in a first direction so opposite ends of the loop that are spaced in said first direction engage the walls of said circuit board hole of round cross-section along said axis, but opposite sides of the loop that are spaced in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction do not engage the walls of the hole.
13. An electrical contact formed of bent sheet metal with an inboard region (32) for insertion in an interference fit into a plated circuit board hole (34), said contact having a top region (30) for lying above said circuit board, wherein:
said inboard region (32) of said electrical contact has front and rear walls (90, 80);
said top region is in the form of a vertically elongated column that has laterally opposite side walls (42, 44) and a rear wall (40) that connects said laterally opposite side walls, said column including a lower column part where said laterally opposite side walls each has a forward projection (64, 66) that forms an upwardly-facing shoulder (60, 62) that can be pressed down to insert said inboard region into the circuit board hole;
said shoulders (60, 62) having portions (61) that lie directly over said front wall (90) of said inboard region and that lie directly over a region that lies between said front and rear walls (82, 80).