1. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate, comprising a heterogeneous mixture of
(1) a matrix (A) containing at least one organic polymer, precursor thereof or prepolymer thereof, and
(2) an electrochemically activatable inorganic material in the form of a solid substance (B), said material being suitable as a solid body electrolyte and not being soluble in said matrix and in water, the solid body electrolyte selected from lithium salts including titanium ions or phosphate groups, characterized in that said layer additionally contains an electrolyte introduced into said layer in a dissolved form.
2. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said matrix (A) additionally contains a plasticizer.
3. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 2, wherein said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, ethylene sulfite, propylene carbonate, dioxolane, tetrahydrofurane, \u03b3-butyrolactone and mixtures thereof.
4. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said plasticizer is present in a quantity of 0.05-50% by weight, relative to said electrochemically activatable material.
5. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the organic polymer of said matrix (A) is selected from the group consisting of natural polymers, synthetic polymers and mixtures thereof.
6. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said organic polymer is a polymer which is capable of swelling and is a chlorinated or a fluorinated polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and mixtures thereof.
7. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said organic polymer is present in a quantity of 0.05 to 50% by weight, relative to the total components of the layer.
8. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said layer is a flexible film.
9. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that said electrolyte has been introduced into the layer due to a concentration gradient of plasticizer, being dissolved in a plasticizer.
10. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a liquid electrolyte transported into and stored within the layer contains at least one salt of lithium.
11. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 10, characterized in that the at least one salt of lithium is selected from LiClO4, LiNO3, LiBF4, LiPF6, LiSO3CF3, LiC(SO2CF3)3, Li(CF3SO2)2N, or mixtures thereof.
12. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a solvent of a liquid electrolyte transported into and stored within the layer is selected from solvents which are plasticizers for the matrix (A).
13. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the solid body electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of natural salts and minerals of lithium, and synthetic lithium salts including titanium ions or phosphate groups.
14. Self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the heterogeneous mixture additionally comprises: (3) a material (C) which differs from material (B) and which is capable of improving the transport of a liquid electrolyte into and the storage thereof within the layer.
15. Composite layer having electrochemical properties, comprising a layer in accordance with claim 1.
16. Composite layer according to claim 15, further comprising a layer suitable as a negative electrode and a layer suitable as a positive electrode.
17. Composite layer in accordance with claim 16, characterized in that the self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate, after having been laminated, is brought into contact with an additional swelling agent, and is subsequently sealed in a suitable material or housing.
18. Composite layer in accordance with claim 17, wherein the additional swelling agent is propylene carbonate.
19. Rechargeable electrochemical cell made in thick layer technology, comprising a composite layer in accordance with claim 16.
20. Rechargeable electrochemical cell in accordance with claim 19, characterized in that an electrochemically activatable material for the positive electrode layer is selected from the group consisting of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, nickel manganese oxide, alone, in mixture, or as a multinary compound, optionally substituted by magnesium, aluminum or fluorine, and wherein said electrochemically activatable material for the self-supporting layer or layer that is placed on a substrate is selected from among natural salts and minerals of lithium, and from synthetic lithium salts, and wherein an electrochemically activatable material for the negative electrode layer is selected from the group consisting of carbon modification, titanium dioxide, titanium disulfide, tungsten dioxide, molybdenum dioxide, lithium titanate, a lithium-alloyable metal, semiconductor materials, oxides, iodides, sulfides, nitrides and heterogeneous mixtures thereof.
21. Method for producing a composite layer in accordance with claim 15, characterized in that
(a) a pasty mass comprising a heterogeneous mixture of
(1) a matrix (A) containing at least one organic polymer, precursor thereof or prepolymer thereof, and
(2) an electrochemically activatable inorganic material in the form of a solid substance (B), said material being suitable as a solid body electrolyte and not being soluble in said matrix and in water, the solid body electrolyte selected from lithium salts including titanium ions or phosphate groups, is adapted to have layer form and the layer thus obtained is optionally dried,
(b) said layer is subsequently laminated to other suitable layers to form a composite layer, and
(c) the composite layer thus obtained is impregnated with a suitable, dissolved electrolyte such that said electrolyte penetrates into said composite layer, whereupon the composite layer is dried at a temperature in the range of room temperature up to about 70-90\xb0 C.
22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the electrolyte of step (c) is dissolved in a plasticizer, and that the composite layer obtained according to step (b) does not contain any plasticizer or only contains such a small quantity of plasticizer that due to the plasticizer concentration gradient, the electrolyte solution will penetrate at least partly into the composite layer.
23. Method for producing a self-supporting layer in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that
(a) a pasty mass comprising a heterogeneous mixture of
(1) a matrix (A) containing at least one organic polymer, precursor thereof or prepolymer thereof, and
(2) an electrochemically activatable inorganic material in the form of a solid substance (B), said material being suitable as a solid body electrolyte and not being soluble in said matrix and in water, the solid body electrolyte selected from lithium salts including titanium ions or phosphate groups, is adapted to have layer form and the layer thus obtained is optionally dried, and
(b) said layer is impregnated with a suitable, dissolved electrolyte such that said electrolyte penetrates into said layer, whereupon the film is dried at a temperature in the range of room temperature up to about 70-90\xb0 C.
24. Method according to claim 23, characterized in that the dissolved electrolyte is dissolved in a plasticizer, and that the self-supporting layer obtained according to step (a) does not contain any plasticizer or only such a small quantity of plasticizer that due to the plasticizer concentration gradient, the electrolyte solution will penetrate at least partly into the layer.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. An exhaust cleaning system for motor vehicles, comprising:
an exhaust muffler, a catalytic converter and an exhaust gas particle filter element integrated in a common housing and forming a structural and functional unit.
2. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said exhaust muffler has a multichamber design with at least one baffle chamber and at least one absorption chamber in said common housing, said common housing having an outer jacket of oval to rectangular cross section and flat front-side axial ends, said baffle chamber and said absorption chamber being separated from one another by at least one radial partition.
3. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said catalytic converter is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalytic converter for the selective catalytic reduction of the harmful substances present in the exhaust gas.
4. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said exhaust gas particle filter element is a diesel particle filter element.
5. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 4, further comprising a U-shaped tubular urea injection element, wherein said exhaust muffler has multiple chambers and wherein said catalytic converter is a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalytic converter for the selective catalytic reduction of the harmful substances present in the exhaust gas, said SCR catalytic converter, said diesel particle filter element and said U-shaped tubular urea injection element extending in said housing in an axial direction essentially in parallel to one another and extending into multiple chambers.
6. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 5, further comprising at least three radial partitions located at spaced locations from one another dividing said housing into at least four chambers and including a first partition located between a first chamber and a second chamber, a second partition located between said second chamber and a third chamber and a third partition located between a third chamber and a fourth chamber, said first partition, said second partition and said third partition each having passage openings for a fastened mounting of said SCR catalytic converter, said diesel particle filter element and said U-shaped tubular element.
7. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said diesel particle filter element has a connection flange, to which a diesel burner is detachably fastened on the outside of said housing, wherein said connection flange is located and fastened in the plane of a first front-side axial end of said housing, said first front-side axial end being associated with said first chamber and limiting said first chamber together with said first partition in the axial direction.
8. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 4, wherein said diesel particle filter element has a conical cleaning bell in an area of a second front-side axial end of said housing, with said conical cleaning bell having a blind plug that can be opened at a tapered end of said cleaning bell, wherein said tapered end of said cleaning bell including said blind plug is located substantially in a plane of said second front-side axial end of said housing.
9. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said diesel particle filter element has a first jacket perforation in the area of said third chamber for the radially outwardly directed passage of the exhaust gas.
10. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 6 wherein said diesel particle filter element has a radial exhaust gas inlet in the area of said first chamber, wherein a housing jacket-side exhaust gas inlet pipe is provided.
11. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said U-shaped tubular element has a short straight tube section with an axial exhaust gas inlet in the area of said third chamber and a longer straight tube section with an axial exhaust gas outlet in the area of said fourth chamber as well as a 180 elbow section in the area of said first chamber, wherein a straight urea feed pipe is aligned essentially with an axis of said longer tube section and opens into said 180 elbow section approximately in an extension of said axis and said feed pipe section extends at least to a first axial end of said housing.
12. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 11, wherein said short and long straight tube sections extend in parallel to one another at a same level of said housing.
13. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 11, wherein said shorter straight tube section has a jacket perforation in the area of said second chamber.
14. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 6, wherein in the area of said first chamber said SCR catalytic converter has an axially directed hollow exhaust gas outlet housing part on the outside and a catalytic converter core is located in an area of said fourth chamber, said third chamber and said second chamber.
15. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 14, wherein in the area of said first chamber, said exhaust gas outlet housing part of said SCR catalytic converter has a jacket-side exhaust gas outlet opening to which a tube elbow is connected, said tube elbow leading to a first axial end of said housing and forming an exhaust gas outlet of said exhaust muffler.
16. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 14, wherein the hollow exhaust gas outlet housing part has a jacket side perforation and a front-side perforation.
17. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 14, wherein the housing of the catalytic converter core has stiffening beads.
18. The exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 3, wherein said SCR catalytic converter has a box-shaped housing.
19. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said SCR catalytic converter and said diesel particle filter element and said U-shaped tubular element are embedded in an absorption material in an area of said first and second chambers and said first and second chambers form absorption chambers and said third and fourth chambers form baffle chambers.
20. An exhaust cleaning system in accordance with claim 6, further comprising a fourth partition having perforations and a fifth chamber arranged downstream of said fourth chamber and provided as an absorption chamber and containing muffler absorption material, said fifth chamber being provided adjacent to the second front-side axial end of said housing.