What is claimed is:
1. A lamp having a multi-reflex optical system, comprising:
at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces, each of the reflecting surfaces having a first focus and a second focus,
a light source located substantially on the first focus of one of the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces; and
an aperture from which light rays are guided outside of the lamp,
wherein a first of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces has a longer focal distance than that of a second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, and has a different longitudinal direction than that of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces,
the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces has an inner reflecting surface portion that is configured to direct light rays, which were previously traveling towards the second focus of the first of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, approximately towards the second focus of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, thereby forming a complex second focus for the optical system, and
the aperture is located at approximately the same location as the complex second focus.
2. The lamp according to claim 1, wherein the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces form a tube-like lamp element.
3. The lamp according to claim 1, wherein the first foci of the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces are located at substantially the same position.
4. The lamp according to claim 1, further comprising:
a shutter located at approximately the same location as the aperture for giving a desired shape to luminous flux around the aperture.
5. A lamp having at least two lamp elements with a multi-reflex optical system, comprising:
at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces located at each of the lamp elements, each of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces having a first focus and a second focus;
a light source located at approximately the same location as the first focus of one of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces of each of the lamp elements; and
an aperture located on each of the lamp elements from which light rays are guided outside of each of the lamp elements,
wherein a first of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces of each of the lamp elements has a longer focal distance than that of a second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, and has a different longitudinal direction than that of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces,
the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces for each of the lamp elements has an inner reflecting surface portion for directing light rays, which were traveling towards the second focus of the first of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, approximately towards the second focus of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces for each of the lamp elements, thereby forming a complex second focus for each of the lamp elements;
wherein the aperture located on each of the lamp elements is located at approximately the same location as the complex second focus for each of the lamp elements.
6. The lamp according to claim 5, wherein the at least two lamp elements each have a tube-like shape.
7. The lamp according to claim 5, wherein the first foci of the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces are located at substantially the same position for each of the lamp elements.
8. The lamp according to claim 5, wherein the complex second foci of the at least two lamp elements are symmetrical relative to the light source.
9. The lamp according to claim 5, wherein the complex second foci of the at least two lamp elements are symmetrical relative to a line passing through the light source.
10. The lamp according to claim 5, further comprising:
a shutter located approximately at the aperture of one of the lamp elements for giving a desired shape to luminous flux around the aperture.
11. A vehicle lamp having a multi-reflex system, comprising:
a reflector having an opening;
a lens located adjacent the opening of the reflector; and
at least two lamp elements configured to provide light rays to the reflector from at least one aperture located on one of the lamp elements,
wherein the lamp elements include,
at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces, each ellipse group reflecting surface having a first focus and a second focus,
a light source located at approximately the same location as the first focus of one of the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces,
wherein a first of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces has a longer focal distance than that of a second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, and has a different longitudinal direction than that of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces,
the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces has an inner reflecting surface portion for directing light rays, which were traveling towards the second focus of the first of the group reflecting surfaces, approximately towards the second focus of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, thereby forming a complex second focus;
wherein the aperture is located approximately at the complex second focus of at least one of the lamp elements.
12. The lamp according to claim 11, wherein the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces form a tube-like lamp element.
13. The lamp according to claim 11, wherein the first foci of the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces are located at substantially the same position.
14. The vehicle lamp according to claim 11, wherein each of the lamp elements includes a complex second focus, and the complex second foci of the lamp elements are symmetrical relative to the light source.
15. The vehicle lamp according to claim 11, wherein each of the lamp elements includes a complex second focus, and the complex second foci of the lamp elements are symmetrical relative to a line passing through the light source.
16. The vehicle lamp according to claim 11, further comprising:
a shutter located approximately at the aperture of the lamp elements for giving a desired shape to luminous flux around the aperture.
17. The vehicle lamp according to claim 16, wherein the shutter is movable and a light distribution pattern of the vehicle lamp is changed by movement of the shutter.
18. The vehicle lamp according to claim 16, wherein one of the inner reflecting surface portion and the ellipse group reflecting surfaces of one of the lamp elements is movable together with the shutter to change the light distribution pattern.
19. The vehicle lamp according to claim 1 1, wherein the reflector includes a parabolic group reflecting surface.
20. The vehicle lamp according to claim 19, wherein the complex second focus of the lamp elements is located at approximately a focus of the parabolic group reflecting surface.
21. A vehicle lamp having a multi-reflex optical system, comprising:
at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces each having a first focus and a second focus;
a light source located approximately at a first focus of one of the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces;
wherein a first of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces has a longer focal distance than that of a second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, and has a different longitudinal direction than that of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces;
the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces has an inner reflecting surface portion for directing light rays, which were traveling towards the second focus of the first of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, approximately towards the second focus of the second of the ellipse group reflecting surfaces, thereby forming a complex second focus;
an aperture located approximately at the same location as the complex second focus, a reflector having an opening and a focus located at approximately the same location as the aperture; and
a lens located adjacent the opening of the reflector.
22. The lamp according to claim 21, wherein the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces form a tube-like lamp element.
23. The lamp according to claim 21, wherein the first foci of the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces are located at substantially the same position.
24. The lamp according to claim 21, further comprising:
a shutter located at approximately the same location as the aperture for giving desired shape to luminous flux around the aperture.
25. The vehicle lamp according to claim 24, wherein the shutter is movable and a light distribution pattern of the vehicle lamp is changeable by movement of the shutter.
26. The vehicle lamp according to claim 25, wherein one of the inner reflecting surface portion and the at least two ellipse group reflecting surfaces is movable together with the shutter to change the light distribution pattern of the lamp.
27. The vehicle lamp according to claim 21, wherein the reflector includes a parabolic group reflecting surface.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method of treating or preventing osteoporosis or kidney stones or both in an animal at risk of or predisposed to developing osteoporosis or kidney stones comprising:
obtaining a dose of a composition comprising a mixture comprising from about 10 mEq to about 40 mEq potassium citrate, about 10 mEq to about 40 mEq calcium carbonate, and about 20 mEq to about 100 mEq citric acid; and
administering the dose to the animal;
wherein osteoporosis andor kidney stones are prevented or treated in the animal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said administration comprises oral administration.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition is further defined as an aqueous solution.
4. The method of claim 3, further comprising preparing the aqueous solution by dissolving the dose comprising the mixture in water.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the solution elaborates carbon dioxide upon dissolution.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises potassium:calcium:citrate in a molar ratio range of from 2:1:1.33 to 2:1:2.67.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering two doses of the composition per day.
8. The method of claim 1, where the mixture is in the form of a tablet.
9. The method of claim 1, where the mixture is in the form of a powder.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal is human.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the human is a postmenopausal woman.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the animal has chronic diarrheal syndrome.
13. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition has a molar ratio of potassium:calcium:citrate of 2:1:1.33.
14. The method of claim 1, wherein said composition comprises about 20 mEq potassium citrate, about 20 mEq calcium carbonate, and about 20 mEq citric acid.
15. The method of claim 1, wherein said composition further comprises a sweetener.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein said sweetener is an artificial sweetener.
17. A method of treating osteoporosis or kidney stones or both in an animal at risk of or predisposed to developing osteoporosis or kidney stones comprising:
obtaining a dose of a composition comprising a mixture comprising from about 10 mEq to about 40 mEq potassium citrate, about 10 mEq to about 40 mEq calcium carbonate, and about 20 mEq to about 100 mEq citric acid; and
administering the dose to the animal;
wherein osteoporosis andor kidney stones are treated in the animal.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the animal is human.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the human is a postmenopausal woman.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein said administration comprises oral administration.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the animal has chronic diarrheal syndrome.
22. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition has a molar ratio of potassium:calcium:citrate of 2:1:1.33.
23. The method of claim 17, wherein the mixture comprises potassium:calcium:citrate in a molar ratio range of from 2:1:1.33 to 2:1:2.67.
24. The method of claim 17, wherein said composition comprises about 20 mEq potassium citrate, about 20 mEq calcium carbonate, and about 20 mEq citric acid.
25. The method of claim 17, where the mixture is in the form of a tablet.
26. The method of claim 17, where the mixture is in the form of a powder.