1. A data communication system, comprising:
a first communications device;
a second communications device;
a session management server that manages a session whereby the first and second communications devices conduct data communication; and
one or more function-providing servers that provide functions required for establishing the session,
wherein:
when a request message requesting the establishment of a session with the second communications device is received from the first communications device, the session management server executes, in parallel:
(a) a process of forwarding the request message to the second communications device and then waiting for a response, and
(b) a process of issuing a request that the one or more function-providing servers execute a process required for establishing the session and then waiting for a response,
the session management server selects subsequent processes depending on the contents of responses or difference in the timing for receiving the responses, and
if a message denying provision of a service from the second communications device to the first communications device is received from the one or more function-providing servers before a response message with respect to the request message is received from the second communications device, then the session management server transmits a cancel message canceling the session establishment request that was transmitted to the second communications device, and a cancel message canceling the request, whose result has not yet been received, that the one or more function-providing servers execute the process required for establishing the session to the one or more function-providing servers.
2. A data communication system, comprising:
a first communication device;
a second communications device;
a session management server that manages a session whereby the first and second communications devices conduct data communication; and
one or more function-providing servers that provide functions required for establishing the session,
wherein:
when a request message requesting the establishment of a session with the second communications device is received from the first communications device, the session management server executes, in parallel:
(a) a process of forwarding the request message to the second communications device and then waiting for a response, and
(b) a process of issuing a request that the one or more function-providing servers execute a process required for establishing the session and then waiting for a response,
the session management server selects subsequent processes depending on the contents of responses or difference in the timing for receiving the responses,
if a message indicating that a service can be provided is received from the second communications device in response to the forwarded request message, then the session management server transmits, to the second communications device, a response message with respect to the message indicating that a service can be provided, and
after transmitting the response message, the session management server waits for a result of the request, whose result has not yet been received, issued to the one or more function-providing servers.
3. The data communication system according to claim 2, wherein
if a message denying provision of a service from the second communications device to the first communications device is received from the one or more function-providing servers as a result of the requested process, then the session management server transmits a cancel message canceling the session establishment request that was forwarded as the request message to the second communications device, and cancel messages canceling requests to one or more other function-providing servers.
4. The data communication system according to claim 3, wherein
the cancel message canceling the session establishment request transmitted by the session management server to the second communications device contains information for indicating that the processing of establishing a session was aborted.
5. A data communication system, comprising:
a first communication device;
a second communications device;
a session management server that manages a session whereby the first and second communications devices conduct data communication; and
one or more function-providing servers that provide functions required for establishing the session,
wherein:
when a request message requesting the establishment of a session with the second communications device is received from the first communications device, the session management server executes, in parallel:
(a) a process of forwarding the request message to the second communications device and then waiting for a response, and
(b) a process of issuing a request that the one or more function-providing servers execute a process required for establishing the session and then waiting for a response,
the session management server selects subsequent processes depending on the contents of responses or difference in the timing for receiving the responses,
if a message permitting provision of a service from the second communications device to the first communications device is received from the one or more function-providing servers as a result of the requested process, then the session management server transmits, to the one or more function-providing servers, a response message with respect to the message permitting the provision of a service, and
after transmitting the response message, the session management server waits for a result of another request that the one or more function-providing servers execute a process required for establishing the session, and a result with respect to the request message that was transmitted to the second communications device.
6. The data communication system according to claim 5, wherein
if responses are received from the second communications device and the one or more function-providing servers requested to execute processes, then the session management server transmits information contained in the messages received from the one or more function-providing servers, to the second communications device and the first communications device designated as transmission destinations.
7. The data communication system according to claim 5, wherein
if responses are received from the second communications device and the one or more function-providing servers requested to execute processes, then the session management server transmits, to the first communications device, a response message with respect to the request message requesting the establishment of a session.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for the production of a photonic device comprising providing a substrate, forming in the substrate substantially straight pores, lining or filling the pores with a lining material, and removing part but not all of the substrate material so that an array remains of tubes or rods of the lining material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lining material has a voltage-dependent index of refraction.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pores are substantially parallel and the portion of substrate material which remains forms a base at the ends of the tubes or rods.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate material is removed by etching.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the substrate is silicon.
6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of filling the space left by the removed substrate material with a filling material.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the filling material is glass or perspex.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pores have diameters from 0.05 to 5 \u03bcm.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lining material is deposited by a process comprising providing a precursor solution containing precursors for the material to be deposited, forming the precursor solution into fine droplets and contacting the fine droplets with the porous substrate to effect deposition of the precursor solution in the pores.
10. A process for the production of rods or tubes of piezoelectric material, comprising providing a substrate, forming in the substrate substantially straight pores, filling or lining the pores with a piezoelectric material, and completely removing the substrate material so that independent rods or tubes of piezoelectric material remain.
11. The process according to claim 10, wherein the piezoelectric material is deposited in the pores by a process comprising providing a precursor solution containing precursors for the material to be deposited, forming the precursor solution into fine droplets and contacting the fine droplets with the porous substrate to effect deposition of the precursor solution in the pores.
12. The process according to claim 10, wherein the rods or tubes have external diameters of not more than 10 \u03bcm.
13. A process for the production of an array of rods or tubes of piezoelectric material, comprising providing a substrate, forming in the substrate substantially straight pores, filling or lining the pores with piezoelectric material, and removing all but the base of the substrate material so that an array remains of upwardly-extending tubes or rods of piezoelectric material.
14. An array of rods or tubes of piezoelectric material having diameters of not more than 10 microns, the rods or tubes being parallel and upwardly extending from a supporting base of substrate material.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pores have diameters from 0.3 to 4 \u03bcm.
16. The process according to claim 10, wherein the rods or tubes have external diameters from 0.05 to 5 \u03bcm.
17. The process according to claim 10, wherein the rods or tubes have external diameters from 0.3 to 4 \u03bcm.
18. A drug delivery apparatus, comprising the array of rods or tubes of piezoelectric material of claim 14.
19. An inkjet printing apparatus, comprising the array of rods or tubes of piezoelectric material of claim 14.
20. A detector array, comprising the array of rods or tubes of piezoelectric material of claim 14.
21. A mechanical walker device, comprising the array of rods or tubes of piezoelectric material of claim 14.