1. A method for preparing an alkoxycarbonylphtalide of formula (III)
comprising:
(a) reacting a compound of formula (VIIIa) with a formaldehyde and oleum; and
(b) adding the reaction mixture of step (a) to an alcohol of formula R3-OH;
wherein X and Y of formula (VIIIa) are independently selected from: OR1, OR2, a halogen, and NR2;
wherein R, R1 and R2 are independently H or a C1-6-alkyl; and R3 is a C1-6-alkyl or phenyl.
2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the compound of formula (VIIIa) is a compound of formula (VIII)
wherein R1 and R2 are selected independently from H and C1-6-alkyl.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the formaldehyde is 1,3,5-trioxane of formula IX
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the formaldehyde is paraformaldehyde.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec.-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, and n-hexyl.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of formaldehyde reacted in step (a) is 1-3 equivalents of the formaldehyde per equivalent of the compound of formula (VIII).
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of oleum reacted in step (a) is 1-8 liters of oleum per kg of formula (VIII).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the oleum in step (a) contains 18-65% SO3.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is performed at a temperature in the range of 115\xb0 C.-175\xb0 C.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein step (b) is performed at a temperature below the boiling point of the alcohol.
11. The method of claim 1, said method comprising purification of the alkoxycarbonylphtalide by adding an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent to the alkoxycarbonylphtalide, and extracting the alkoxycarbonylphtalide into the organic phase.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (VIIIa) is terephthaloyl dichloride of formula (B)
13. The method of claim 1, comprising converting the alkoxycarbonylphtalide to an amide of formula (IV), wherein R4 is H or C1-6-alkyl
14. A method for the synthesis of 5-cyanophthalide comprising the method for preparing an alkoxycarbonylphtalide of formula (III) according to claim 1.
15. A method for the synthesis of citalopram or escitalopram comprising a method for preparing a alkoxycarbonylphtalide of formula (III) according to claim 1.
16. A method for the synthesis of citalopram or escitalopram comprising the method for the synthesis of 5-cyanophthalide according to claim 14.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
user need descriptions;
wherein, user need descriptions are user need descriptions, user need keywords, or user need surveys;
wherein, user need descriptions are written by users, user need descriptions contain any number of words, user need descriptions contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) words, user need descriptions contain (technical, non-technical) words, user need descriptions contain words that users select;
wherein, user need keywords are derived from user need descriptions, user need keywords contain any number of keywords, user need keywords contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) keywords, user need keywords contain (technical, non-technical) keywords, user need keywords contain keywords that users select;
wherein, user need surveys are completed by users, user need surveys contain any number of user needs, user need surveys contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) user needs, user need surveys contain (technical, non-technical) user needs, user need surveys contain user needs that users select.
2. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
design descriptions;
wherein, design descriptions are design descriptions, design keywords, or design surveys;
wherein, design descriptions are written by designers, design descriptions contain any number of words, design descriptions contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) words design descriptions contain (technical, non-technical) words, design descriptions contain words that designers select;
wherein, design keywords are derived from design descriptions, design keywords contain any number of keywords, design keywords contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) keywords, design keywords contain (technical, non-technical) keywords, design keywords contain keywords that designers select;
wherein, design surveys are completed by designers, design surveys contain any number of design elements, design surveys contain (technical, non-technical) design elements, design surveys contain design elements that designers select.
3. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
user needs;
wherein, user needs are user need vectors;
wherein, user need vectors are derived from user need descriptions, user need vectors contain any number of user needs, user need vectors contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) user needs, user need vectors contain (technical, non-technical) user needs, user need vectors contain user needs that users select.
4. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
designs;
wherein, designs are design vectors and design matrices;
wherein, design vectors are derived from design descriptions, design vectors contain any number of design elements, design vectors contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) design elements, design vectors contain (technical, non-technical) design elements, design vectors contain design elements that designers select;
wherein, design matrices are derived from design vectors, design matrices contain any number of design vectors, design vectors contain any number of design elements, design vectors contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) design elements, design vectors contain (technical, non-technical) design elements, design vectors contain design elements that designers select.
5. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
Latent Semantic Engineering semantic spaces;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic spaces are singular value decompositions of design matrices;
wherein, singular value decompositions of design matrices are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element matrices, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space scaling factor matrices, and Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design matrices;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element matrices contain any number of Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element vectors, design element vectors contain any number of Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element vectors contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element vectors contain (technical, non-technical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, and Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element vectors contain Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements that designers select;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space scaling factor matrices contain Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space scaling factor vectors, semantic space scaling factor vectors contain one scaling factor;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design matrices contain any number of Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors contain any number of Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors contain (technical, non-technical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, and Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors contain LSE semantic space design elements that designers select.
6. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space projections of user needs;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space projections of user needs are user need vector, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element matrix products, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space projections of user needs are user need vector, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element matrix products are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user need vectors, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user need vectors contain any number of Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user need vectors contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user need vectors contain (technical, non-technical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user need vectors contain Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs that users select.
7. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space designs;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space designs are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space projections of designs;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space projections of designs are design vector, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element matrix products, design vector, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design element matrix products are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors contain any number of Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors designs contain (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors contain (technical, non-technical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements, and Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design vectors contain Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements that designers select.
8. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
created designs;
wherein, created designs are designs with Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements that match Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements that match Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements with maximum Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space cosines.
9. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
selected designs;
wherein, selected designs are designs with Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space designs that match Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space designs that match Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space designs with maximum Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space cosines.
10. Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods, comprising:
configured designs;
wherein, configured designs are designs with Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements that match Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user choices;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements that match Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user choices are Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space design elements with maximum Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space cosines.
11. Latent Semantic Engineering applications, comprising:
computer-aided design systems, design configuration systems, and online ordering systems;
wherein, Latent Semantic Engineering processes, devices, and methods use (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) user need descriptions to transform (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) user concepts into (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) user needs, use (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) design descriptions to transform (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) design concepts into (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) designs, use (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) singular value decompositions to transform (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) designs into (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic spaces, use (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space projections to transform (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) user needs into (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs, use (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space projections to transform (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) designs into (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space designs, and use (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space cosines to match (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space user needs to (aspirational, emotional, functional, physical) Latent Semantic Engineering semantic space designs;
wherein, LSE processes, devices, and methods thereby match user needs to designs, increase matching accuracy, and increase product quality, customer satisfaction, and product success.