1. A pigment composition comprising an inorganic particulate material, a multivalent metal salt and a non ionic dispersant.
2. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from one or more of: an alkaline earth metal carbonate or sulphate, a hydrous kandite clay, an anhydrous kandite clay, talc or mica.
3. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from one or more of: calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, kaolin, ball clay, metakaolin, fully calcined kaolin.
4-8. (canceled)
9. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material has a d50 of about 0.1 \u03bcm to about 2 \u03bcm.
10-11. (canceled)
12. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material has a particle size distribution steepness factor of about 25 to about 70.
13-14. (canceled)
15. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 1, wherein the multivalent metal salt is a divalent metal salt.
16. A pigment composition according to claim 15, wherein the divalent metal salt is an alkaline metal salt.
17. A pigment composition according to claim 16, wherein the alkaline metal salt is a calcium or magnesium or barium salt.
18. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 1, wherein the anion of the metal salt is selected from chloride, sulphate, nitrate or hydroxide.
19-24. (canceled)
25. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the non ionic dispersant is a polymer and comprises alkylene oxide monomers.
26. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the non ionic dispersant is a polymer and comprises an uncharged hydrophobic chain.
27. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 1, wherein the non ionic dispersant comprises amine andor phosphate group or groups.
28. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the non ionic dispersant is a polymer and the polymer comprises amine andor phosphate group or groups.
29. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 1, further comprising an ionic dispersant.
30. (canceled)
31. A pigment composition comprising an inorganic particulate material and calcium chloride, wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from one or more of: magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, a hydrous kandite clay an anhydrous kandite clay, talc or mica.
32-37. (canceled)
38. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 31, wherein the inorganic particulate material has a d50 of about 0.1 \u03bcm to about 2 \u03bcm.
39-42. (canceled)
43. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from one or more of: magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, a hydrous kandite clay, an anhydrous kandite clay, talc or mica, and wherein the non ionic dispersant is a polymer and comprises alkylene oxide monomers.
44. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from one or more of: magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, a hydrous kandite clay, an anhydrous kandite clay, talc or mica, and wherein the non ionic dispersant is a polymer and comprises an uncharged hydrophobic chain.
45. A pigment composition according to any one of claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from one or more of: magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, a hydrous kandite clay, an anhydrous kandite clay, talc or mica, and wherein the non ionic dispersant comprises amine andor phosphate group or groups.
46. A pigment composition according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic particulate material is selected from one or more of: magnesium carbonate, dolomite, gypsum, a hydrous kandite clay, an anhydrous kandite clay, talc or mica, and wherein the non ionic dispersant is a polymer and the polymer comprises amine andor phosphate group or groups.
47-62. (canceled)
63. A coated paper product comprising a substrate coated with an aqueous coating composition comprising the pigment coating composition according to claim 1, water, and at least one binder, wherein the paper product further comprises a precoat.
64-75. (canceled)
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A system comprising:
a sensor device including a sensor pad;
a well wall structure defining a well in operative connection with the sensor pad, a lower surface of the well defined over the sensor pad, the well wall structure having an upper surface and a wall surface extending between the upper surface and the lower surface;
a passivation film disposed over the upper surface, the wall surface and the lower surface; and
an isolation film disposed over the passivation film opposite the well wall structure and extending substantially parallel to and at least along a portion of the wall surface, the passivation layer exposed at least along a portion of the upper surface and at least along a portion of the lower surface.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the passivation layer includes a buffer material having an intrinsic buffer capacity of at least 2\xd71017 groupsm2.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the buffer material includes an oxide of zirconium, aluminum, tantalum, hafnium, or a combination thereof.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the buffer material includes an oxide of tantalum.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the isolation layer includes a low buffer material having an intrinsic buffer capacity of not greater than 1.7\xd71017 groupsm2.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the low buffer material includes a ceramic material.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the low buffer material includes an oxide of silicon.
8. The system of claim 6, wherein the low buffer material includes an nitride of silicon, titanium, or a combination thereof.
9. The system of claim 5, wherein the low buffer material includes a polymeric material.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the polymeric material include poly(xylylene).
11. A method of forming a sensor system, the method comprising:
forming a structural layer over a sensor device, the sensor device including a sensor pad;
etching the structural layer to define a well operatively connected to the sensor pad, a lower surface of the well defined over the sensor pad, the structurally layer having an upper surface and a wall surface extending between the upper surface and the lower surface,
forming a passivation film over the structural layer, the passivation film extending along at least a portion of the upper surface and extending over the wall surface and the lower surface;
forming an isolation film over the passivation film; and
etching the isolation film to expose the passivation film along at least the portion of the upper surface and at least a portion of the lower surface.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the structural layer includes forming a first dielectric layer and forming a second dielectric layer, a material of the first dielectric layer being different from a material of the second dielectric layer.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising forming a third dielectric layer over the second dielectric layer, a material of the second dielectric layer being different from a material of the third dielectric layer.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the first dielectric layer includes an oxide of silicon and the second dielectric layer includes silicon nitride.
15. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the structural layer includes depositing TEOS.
16. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the passivation layer includes depositing a buffer material having an intrinsic buffer capacity of at least 2\xd71017 groupsm2.
17. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the passivation layer includes depositing an oxide of aluminum, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, or a combination thereof.
18. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the isolation layer includes depositing an inorganic material.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the inorganic material includes a nitride of titanium, silicon, or a combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 11, wherein forming the isolation layer includes depositing a polymeric material.