1. A system for processing oil from algae which comprises:
a consortium of algae strains, wherein each strain of algae cells in the consortium has a unique characteristic, and wherein the characteristic is resistant to a particular operationalenvironmental factor;
a conduit for growing algae cells in the consortium with high oil content, said conduit having an input port;
an algae separator in fluid communication with the conduit for removing the algae cells from a remaining effluence, with the remaining effluence being a byproduct;
a device for lysing the algae cells removed from the conduit to unbind oil within the algae cells;
an oil separator for withdrawing the oil from remaining cell matter, with the remaining cell matter being a byproduct;
a reactor for receiving the oil from the oil separator and for synthesizing biofuel and glycerin from said oil, with said glycerin being a byproduct; and
a means for recycling at least one byproduct through the input port to the conduit to support growth of algae cells with high oil content.
2. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said algae separator has an outlet in fluid communication with the input port of the conduit for recycling the remaining effluence to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells.
3. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said reactor has an exit in fluid communication with the input port of the conduit for recycling the glycerin to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells.
4. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein said oil separator has an outlet in fluid communication with the input port of the conduit for recycling the remaining cell matter to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells, and wherein the remaining cell matter includes biopolymers, and the system further comprises a means for hydrolyzing the remaining cell matter to reduce the biopolymers therein to smaller subunits, with said hydrolyzing means being interconnected between the outlet of the separator and the input port of the conduit
5. A system as recited in claim 4 wherein the consortium includes algae strains with the unique characteristic being selected from the group consisting of:
a strain dominant in relatively high temperature conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively low temperature conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively high light conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively low light conditions;
a strain resistant to bacterial infection;
a slow-growing strain for releasing algae growth benefiting compounds and antibiotics; and
a slow-growing strain for inducing auto-flocculation.
6. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the conduit includes a first conduit section formed in a chemostat for growing algae cells of the consortium therein, with the first conduit section including a first input port, and further wherein said oil separator has an outlet in fluid communication with the first input port for recycling the remaining cell matter to the first conduit section to support growth of algae cells therein.
7. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the conduit includes a first conduit section formed in a chemostat for growing algae cells therein, with the first conduit section including a first input port, and further wherein said reactor has an exit in fluid communication with the first input port for recycling the glycerin to the first conduit section to support growth of algae cells therein.
8. A system as recited in claim 1 wherein the conduit includes a second conduit section formed in a plug flow reactor for increasing the oil content of the algae cells therein, with the second conduit section including a second input port, and further wherein said reactor has an exit in fluid communication with the second input port for recycling the glycerin to the second conduit section to support oil production within the algae cells therein.
9. A system for processing oil from algae which comprises:
a consortium of algae strains, wherein each strain of algae cells in the consortium has a unique characteristic, and wherein the characteristic is resistant to a particular operationalenvironmental factor;
a conduit for growing algae cells in the consortium with high oil content, said conduit having an input port;
an algae separator in fluid communication with the conduit for removing the algae cells from remaining effluence, with the remaining effluence being a byproduct;
a device for lysing the algae cells removed from the conduit to unbind oil from the algae cells; and
an oil separator for withdrawing the oil from remaining cell matter, said oil separator having an outlet in fluid communication with the input port of the conduit for recycling the remaining cell matter to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells.
10. A system as recited in claim 9 wherein the consortium includes algae strains with the unique characteristic being selected from the group consisting of:
a strain dominant in relatively high temperature conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively low temperature conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively high light conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively low light conditions;
a strain resistant to bacterial infection;
a slow-growing strain for releasing algae growth benefiting compounds and antibiotics; and
a slow-growing strain for inducing auto-flocculation.
11. A system as recited in claim 9 further comprising:
a means for hydrolyzing the remaining cell matter to reduce the remaining cell matter to smaller subunits, with said hydrolyzing means being interconnected between the outlet of the separator and the input port of the conduit; and.
a reactor for receiving the oil from the oil separator and for synthesizing biofuel and glycerin from said oil, said reactor having an exit in fluid communication with the input port of the conduit for recycling the glycerin to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells.
12. A system as recited in claim 11 wherein the conduit includes a first conduit section formed in a chemostat for growing algae cells therein, with said first conduit section including the input port, and further wherein said outlet of said oil separator is in fluid communication with the input port of the first conduit section for recycling the remaining cell matter to the first conduit section to support growth of algae cells therein.
13. A system as recited in claim 12 wherein said exit of said reactor is in fluid communication with the input port of the first conduit section for recycling the glycerin to the first conduit section to support growth of algae cells therein.
14. A system as recited in claim 12 wherein the conduit includes a second conduit section formed in a plug flow reactor for increasing the oil content of the algae cells therein, with said second conduit section including an input port, and further wherein said exit of said reactor is in fluid communication with the input port in the second conduit section for recycling the glycerin to the second conduit section to support oil production within the algae cells therein.
15. A method of processing oil from algae which comprises the steps of:
providing a consortium of algae strains, wherein each strain of algae cells in the consortium has a unique characteristic, and wherein the characteristic is resistant to a particular operationalenvironmental factor;
growing algae cells of the consortium with high oil content in a conduit;
removing the algae cells from the conduit, with the remaining effluence being a byproduct of the removing step;
lysing the algae cells removed from the conduit to unbind oil within the algae cells;
withdrawing the oil from remaining cell matter, with the remaining cell matter being a byproduct of the lysing step;
synthesizing biofuel and glycerin from the withdrawn oil, with said glycerin being a byproduct of the synthesizing step; and
recycling at least one byproduct to the conduit to support growth of algae cells with high oil content.
16. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein the consortium includes algae strains with the unique characteristic being selected from the group consisting of:
a strain dominant in relatively high temperature conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively low temperature conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively high light conditions;
a strain dominant in relatively low light conditions;
a strain resistant to bacterial infection;
a slow-growing strain for releasing algae growth benefiting compounds and antibiotics; and
a slow-growing strain for inducing auto-flocculation.
17. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein the remaining effluence is recycled to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells, and wherein the glycerin is recycled to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells.
18. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein the remaining cell matter is recycled to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells.
19. A method as recited in claim 18 further comprising the step of hydrolyzing the remaining cell matter to reduce the remaining cell matter to smaller subunits before the remaining cell matter is recycled to the conduit to support growth of high oil content algae cells.
20. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein the conduit includes a first conduit section formed in a chemostat and a second conduit section formed in a plug flow reactor, and wherein the growing step includes developing algae cells in the first conduit section and facilitating oil production in the algae cells in the second conduit section, and further wherein the recycling step includes delivering the remaining cell matter to the first conduit section and delivering the glycerin to the second conduit section.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
What is claimed is:
1. A piezoelectric transformer comprising:
a piezoelectric block having first and second faces to convert electric signal into mechanical vibration by outline vibration mode;
an input electrode at the central region on the first face, the electric signal being inputted to the input electrode;
an output electrode at the peripheral region on the first face to convert the mechanical vibration into the electric signal and output the converted electric signal, the output electrode being separated from the input electrode in predetermined distance; and
a common electrode on the second face of the piezoelectric block;
wherein the size of the input and output electrodes is minimized at the central region of the sides of the first face.
2. The piezoelectric transformer according to claim 1, wherein the input electrode includes diamond shape.
3. The piezo electric transformer according to claim 2, wherein the size ratio of the input and output electrodes is approximately 1:1.5-1:3.14.
4. The piezoelectric transformer according to claim 1, wherein the common electrode is integrally formed on at least a part of the second face of the piezoelectric block.
5. The piezoelectric transformer according to claim 1, wherein the common electrode is formed on the second face of the piezoelectric block in a plurality of isolations to prevent the input of the noise.
6. The piezoelectric transformer according to claim 1, wherein the common electrode is facing with the input and output electrodes.
7. The piezoelectric transformer according to claim 1, wherein the input electrode includes diamond shape and the output electrode at the central region of the sides on the first face of the piezoelectric block has smaller size than that of the output electrode at the corner region.
8. The piezoelectric transformer according to claim 1, wherein the input electrode is substantially cross shape.
9. A piezoelectric transformer comprising:
a piezoelectric block having first and second faces to convert electric signal into mechanical vibration by outline vibration mode;
an input electrode disposed closer to the central region of each sides than to the corner region on the first face of the piezoelectric block, the electric signal being inputted to the input electrode;
an output electrode separated from the input electrode in predetermined distance at the peripheral region on the first face so that its size at the central region of each sides is smaller than that at the corner region, the output electrode converting the mechanical vibration into the electric signal and outputting the converted electric signal; and
a common electrode on the second face of the piezoelectric block.