What is claimed is:
1. A method of producing a metallic part of a Ti-based alloy which exhibit excellent oxidation resistance, comprising the step of:
applying mechanical energy to a surface of a metallic part of a Ti-based alloy which contains less than 9 wt % of aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) as a remainder, in the presence of particulates containing at least one element of molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Ni), silicon (Si), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W) and chromium (Cr) to form a protective coating in the vicinity of the surface of said metallic part, at least one part of said particulates being dispersed in said protective coating.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one part of said particulates dispersed in said protective coating are connected to each other.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 1 wt % or more and less than 9 wt % of Al.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said particulates have an average particle diameter of 5 to 300 m.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 10 wt % of vanadium (V).
6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 6.0 wt % of zirconium (Zr).
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 3.0 wt % of molybdenum (Mo).
8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 4.5 wt % of niobium (Nb).
9. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of silicon (Si).
10. A method of producing a metallic part of Ti-based alloy exhibiting excellent oxidation resistance comprising the step of:
applying mechanical energy to a surface of a metallic part of a Ti-based alloy in the presence of particulates containing at least one element of yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) and hafnium (Hf) to form a protective coating in the vicinity of the surface of said metallic part, at least one part of said particulates being dispersed in said protective coating.
11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said at least one part of said particulates dispersed in said protective coating are connected to each other.
12. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains less than 9 wt % of Al.
13. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said particulates have an average particle diameter of 5 to 300 m.
14. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 10 wt % of vanadium (V).
15. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 6.0 wt % of zirconium(Zr).
16. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 3.0 wt % of molybdenum(Mo).
17. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.5 to 4.5 wt % of niobium (Nb).
18. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said Ti-based alloy contains 0.1 to 1.0 wt % of silicon (Si).
19. A method of producing a metallic part of an iron-based alloy or a nickel-based alloy exhibiting excellent oxidation resistance, comprising the step of:
applying mechanical energy to a surface of a metal composed of an iron-based alloy or a nickel-based alloy in the presence of particulates containing at least one element of Al, Si, Cr, Nb, W, Mo, Ta, La, Ce, and Y to form a protective coating in the vicinity of the surface of said metallic part, at least one part of said particulates being dispersed in said protective coating.
20. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein said at least one part of said particulates dispersed in said protective coating are connected to each other.
21. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein said iron-based alloy or said nickel-based alloy contain at least one element of Al, Si and Cr.
22. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein said particulates have an average diameter of 5 to 300 m.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A process for the preparation of coated polymer particles containing superparamagnetic crystals, said process comprising reacting surface-functionalized, superparamagnetic crystal-containing polymer particles of diameter less than 0.5 \u03bcm with at least one polyisocyanate and at least one diol.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least two diols are employed.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said diol is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols and diols of formula HO((CH2)mO)nH (where n is an integer of 1 to 15 and m is an integer of 2 to 6).
4. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein said diols are diethyleneglycol and tetraethyleneglycol.
5. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein one of said diols is polyethyleneglycol.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said polyisocyanate is 4,4-methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) or a polyisocyanate comprising 4,4-methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) with CH2-phenylisocyanate residues (Desmodur\u2122).
7. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said polyisocyanate is a diisocyanate.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said particles are, in a first stage, reacted with a mixture of polyisocyanate and at least one diol in which the polyisocyanate is in a molar excess relative to the diol(s) and, in a second stage, subsequently reacted with at least one diol.
9. A process as claimed in claim 8 wherein two diols are used in the first stage of the reaction and one or two diols used in the second stage.
10. A process as claimed in claim 9 wherein diethyleneglycol and tetraethyleneglycol are used in both stages of the reaction.
11. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particles are, in a first stage, reacted with polyisocyanate in the absence of diol, and, in a second stage, reacted with at least one diol.
12. A process as claimed in claim 11 wherein one diol is employed and said diol is a polyethylene glycol.
13. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particles are amine functionalised.
14. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said surface-functionalized polymer particles are nitrated and reduced styrene-divinylbenzene polymer particles.
15. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the diameter of the polymer particles is between 150 and 250 nm.
16. A process as claimed in claim 1 in which said coated particle is subsequently tosylated.
17. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein subsequent to the coating reaction, said particles are coupled to a drug molecule, reporter moiety or ligand.
18. A process as claimed in claim 17 wherein said ligand is a monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, antibody fragment, nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, protein, oligopeptide, polysaccharide, sugar, peptide, peptide encoding nucleic acid molecule, antigen or drug.
19. A process as claimed in claim 18 wherein said ligand is streptavidin.
20. A particle obtainable by the process of claim 1.
21. A method of using the particle as claimed in claim 20 in an assay.
22. A method as claimed in claim 21 wherein said assay is for the detection of nucleic acid or is an immunoassay.
23. A method of using the particle as claimed in claim 21 in hydrophobic interaction chromatography or reversed phase chromatography.