1. A method for the synthesis of a compound of the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6, where x has a value in the range from 0.5 to 1; A is Li+, Na+, Rb+, or Cs+; and M is Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, or Fe2+, wherein the method is a solid state method comprising heating a reaction mixture of A2CO3, M, S and Sn to a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce the compound of the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6, via a solid state reaction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the reaction mixture consists of A2CO3, M, S and Sn.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the reaction mixture comprises heating the mixture to a temperature of no greater than about 1000\xb0 C. for a time of no greater than about 15 hours and further wherein the method provides a yield of the compound having the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6 of at least about 50%, based on total mass.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising ball milling the reaction mixture prior to heating.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein A is K+ and M is Mg2+.
6. A method for the synthesis of a compound of the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6, where x has a value in the range from 0.5 to 1; A is Li+, Na+, Rb+, or Cs+; and M is Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, or Fe2+, wherein the method is a hydrothermal method comprising heating a reaction mixture of A2CO3, M, S, Sn and water to a temperature and for a time sufficient to produce the compound of the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6, via a hydrothermal reaction, and further wherein heating the reaction mixture comprises heating the mixture to a temperature of no greater than about 250\xb0 C. for a time of no greater than about 10 hours and further wherein the method provides a yield of the compound having the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6 of at least about 70%, based on total mass.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein heating the reaction mixture comprises heating the mixture to a temperature of no greater than about 220\xb0 C. for a time of no greater than about 5 hours and further wherein the method provides a yield of the compound having the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6 of at least about 80%, based on total mass.
8. The method of claim 6, further comprising ball milling the mixture of A2CO3, M, S, Sn prior to adding the water.
9. A method comprising:
exposing a fluid sample comprising at least one of Cr6+, Nd3+, As3+, As5+, Se4+, and Se6+ ions to a chalcogenide compound having the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6, where x has a value in the range from 0.5 to 1; A is Li+, Na+, K+, or Rb+ and M is Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, whereby the chalcogenide compound absorbs the ions; and removing the absorbed ions from the fluid sample.
10. A method comprising:
exposing a fluid sample comprising at least one of the compounds K2Hg(CN)4 and KAg(CN)2 to a chalcogenide compound having the formula A2xMxSn3-xS6, where x has a value in the range from 0.5 to 1; A is Li+, Na+, K+, or Rb+; and M is Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, or Fe2+, whereby the chalcogenide compound absorbs Hg2+ or Ag2+ ions; and
removing the absorbed ions from the fluid sample.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the fluid sample comprises a product produced by ore leaching.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1-20. (canceled)
21. A polyester-carbamate polymer comprising:
a backbone that includes a plurality of ester and carbamate linkages, wherein the backbone includes a plurality of polyester oligomer or polymer segments that are attached on at least one end to another portion of the backbone via a carbamate linkage, and
one or more pendant deblockable isocyanate groups.
22. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 21, wherein the polyester-carbamate polymer comprises a reaction product of (i) a partially blocked polyisocyanate having on average from 1.5 to 3 free isocyanate groups and (ii) a hydroxyl-terminated polyester oligomer or polymer.
23. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the ratio of free isocyanate groups in (i) to terminal hydroxyl groups in (ii) is less than 1:1.
24. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the ratio of free isocyanate groups in (i) to terminal hydroxyl groups in (ii) is from 0.25:1 to 0.9:1.
25. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the ratio of free isocyanate groups in (i) to terminal hydroxyl groups in (ii) is from 0.5:1 to 0.8:1.
26. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 23, wherein the hydroxyl-terminated polyester oligomer or polymer has a hydroxyl number of from 15 to 200.
27. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the hydroxyl-terminated polyester oligomer or polymer has a hydroxyl number of from 35 to 115 and a number average molecular weight of at least 1,000.
28. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 21, wherein the polyester-carbamate polymer includes at least one terminal hydroxyl group and has a number average molecular weight of at least 3,000.
29. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the polyester-carbamate polymer includes two terminal hydroxyl group.
30. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 21, wherein the polyester-carbamate polymer has a hydroxyl number of from at least 15 to less than 100.
31. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 23, wherein the partially blocked polyisocyanate comprises an isocyanate trimer.
32. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 23, wherein the partially blocked polyisocyanate is a trimerization product prepared from on average three moles of diisocyanate reacted with one mole of another compound.
33. The polyester-carbanate polymer of claim 32, wherein the diisocyanate is an aliphatic diisocyanate.
34. The polyester-carbanate polymer of claim 33, wherein the aliphatic diisocyanate comprises isophorone diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate.
35. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 23, wherein the partially blocked polyisocyanate has on average from 1.8 to 2.5 free isocyanate groups.
36. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the partially blocked polyisocyanate has on average from 2 to 2.2 free isocyanate groups.
37. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the partially blocked polyisocyanate has on average at least 0.5 deblockable isocyanate groups.
38. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 23, wherein the partially blocked polyisocyanate has on average at least 0.7 deblockable isocyanate groups.
39. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 23, wherein the partially blocked polyisocyanate has on average at least 1 deblockable isocyanate groups.
40. The polyester-carbamate polymer of claim 22, wherein the one or more pendant deblockable isocyanate groups comprises a reaction product of an isocyanate group and one or more of \u03b5-caprolactam, methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO), diisopropylamine (DIPA), or a mixture thereof.
41. A polyester-carbamate polymer comprising:
a backbone that includes both ester and carbamate linkages and includes at least one terminal hydroxyl group, and
one or more pendant deblockable isocyanate groups;
wherein the polyester-carbamate polymer has a number average molecular weight of at least 3,000 and comprises a reaction product of (i) a partially blocked polyisocyanate having on average: from 1.5 to 3 free isocyanate groups and at least 0.5 deblockable isocyanate groups and (ii) a hydroxyl-terminated polyester oligomer or polymer, and wherein the ratio of free isocyanate groups in (i) to terminal hydroxyl groups in (ii) is less than 1:1.