1. A thiadiazole represented by formula D-1 or (4):
wherein each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a ring group, wherein the ring group includes two adjacent carbon atoms that bond to each other.
2. A light-emitting element comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
a light-emitting layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode and, when electric current flows between the anode and the cathode, emits light,
wherein the light-emitting layer contains the thiadiazole according to claim 1.
3. A light-emitting element comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a light-emitting layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode and, when electric current flows between the anode and the cathode, emits light; and
an electron transport layer, which is a layer having the capability of transporting electrons, provided between the cathode and the light-emitting layer so as to be in contact with the light-emitting layer,
wherein the electron transport layer contains a compound having an azaindolizine skeleton and an anthracene skeleton in the molecule as an electron transport material, and
the light-emitting layer contains a compound represented by formula (1) as a light-emitting material and a compound represented by formula IRH-1 as a host material for the light-emitting material;
where each A independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine;
where n represents a natural number of 1 to 12 and R is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group.
4. The light-emitting element according to claim 3, wherein the compound represented by formula (1) is a compound represented by any of formulae (2) to (4);
where each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a ring group, wherein the ring group includes two adjacent carbon atoms that bond to each other.
5. The light-emitting element according to claim 3, wherein the compound represented by formula IRH-1, the host material, is a compound represented by formula IRH-2;
where each of R1 to R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, with some or all of R1 to R4 the same or all of R1 to R4 different.
6. The light-emitting element according to claim 3, wherein the compound represented by formula IRH-1, the host material, is a compound represented by formula IRH-3;
where each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, with R1 and R2 the same or different.
7. A light-emitting element comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a light-emitting layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode and, when electric current flows between the anode and the cathode, emits light; and
an electron transport layer, which is a layer having the capability of transporting electrons, provided between the cathode and the light-emitting layer so as to be in contact with the light-emitting layer,
wherein the light-emitting layer contains a compound represented by formula (1) as a light-emitting material, and
the electron transport layer contains a compound having an azaindolizine skeleton and an anthracene skeleton in the molecule as an electron transport material;
where each A independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine.
8. The light-emitting element according to claim 7, wherein the compound represented by formula (1) is a compound represented by any of formulae (2) to (4);
where each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a ring group, wherein the ring group includes two adjacent carbon atoms that bond to each other.
9. The light-emitting element according to claim 7, wherein the light-emitting layer contains a compound represented by formula IRH-4 as a host material for the light-emitting material;
where n represents a natural number of 1 to 10 and each R is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group.
10. A light-emitting element comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a light-emitting layer that is disposed between the anode and the cathode and, when electric current flows between the anode and the cathode, emits light; and
an electron transport layer, which is a layer having the capability of transporting electrons, provided between the cathode and the light-emitting layer so as to be in contact with the light-emitting layer,
wherein the electron transport layer contains a compound having an azaindolizine skeleton and an anthracene skeleton in the molecule as an electron transport material, and
the light-emitting layer contains a compound represented by formula (1) as a light-emitting material and a compound represented by formula IRH-4 as a host material for the light-emitting material;
where each A independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted triarylamine;
where n represents a natural number of 1 to 12 and each R is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group.
11. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the compound represented by formula (1) is a compound represented by any of formulae (2) to (4);
where each R independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a ring group, wherein the ring group includes two adjacent carbon atoms that bond to each other.
12. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the compound represented by formula IRH-4, the host material, is a compound represented by formula IRH-5;
where each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, with R1 and R2 the same or different.
13. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the compound represented by formula IRH-4, the host material, is a compound represented by formula IRH-7;
where each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, with R1 and R2 the same or different.
14. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the compound represented by formula IRH-4, the host material, is a compound represented by formula IRH-8;
where each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl amino group, with R1 and R2 the same or different.
15. A light-emitting apparatus comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 3.
16. An authentication apparatus comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 3.
17. An authentication apparatus comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 7.
18. An authentication apparatus comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 10.
19. An electronic device comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 3.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
monitoring network traffic comprising a plurality of electronic communications;
determining that one of the electronic communications is part of a communication trend; and
performing an analysis of a computer file associated with the electronic communication to determine a likelihood that the computer file includes content hidden using steganography.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein monitoring the network traffic comprises:
applying a predetermined network traffic rule to the plurality of electronic communications; and
for each electronic communication that satisfies the predetermined network traffic rule, creating and storing a record of the electronic communication.
3. The computer-implemented of claim 2, wherein determining that the electronic communication is part of a communication trend comprises:
determining that the electronic communication satisfies the predetermined network traffic rule; and
determining that one or more previous electronic communications also satisfied the predetermined network traffic rule.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein determining that one or more previous electronic communications also satisfied the predetermined network traffic rule comprises:
determining that a predetermined threshold amount of previous electronic communications also satisfied the predetermined network traffic rule.
5. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein determining that one or more previous electronic communications also satisfied the predetermined network traffic rule further comprises:
determining that the predetermined threshold amount of previous electronic communications satisfied the predetermined network traffic rule within a predetermined time period.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein:
the predetermined threshold amount of previous electronic communications is a predetermined threshold number of previous electronic communications.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 4, wherein:
the predetermined threshold amount of previous electronic communications is a predetermined threshold percentage of previous electronic communications.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein:
the predetermined network traffic rule is satisfied when a file size of the computer file exceeds a predetermined file size threshold.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 2, wherein determining that the electronic communication is part of a communication trend further comprises:
determining that the electronic communication has at least one characteristic in common with one or more previous electronic communications.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein:
the at least one characteristic comprises at least one of (a) a sender of the electronic communication and the one or more previous electronic communications, (b) a recipient of the electronic communication and the one or more previous electronic communications, or (c) a predetermined time period within which the electronic communication and the one or more previous electronic communications were sent.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein:
at least one of the sender or the recipient is identified by at least one of an email address or a network address.
12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of electronic communications comprise at least one of (a) an email wherein the computer file is an attachment to the email, or (b) a request to upload the computer file to a remote storage location.
13. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and
memory storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more of the processors, cause the system to
monitor network traffic comprising a plurality of electronic communications,
determine that one of the electronic communications is part of a communication trend, and
perform an analysis of a computer file associated with the electronic communication to determine a likelihood that the computer file includes content hidden using steganography.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
monitoring the network traffic comprises
applying a predetermined network traffic rule to the plurality of electronic communications, and
for each electronic communication that satisfies the predetermined network traffic rule, creating and storing a record of the electronic communication.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein:
determining that one of the electronic communications is part of a communication trend comprises
determining that the electronic communication satisfies a predetermined network traffic rule, and
determining that a predetermined threshold amount of previous electronic communications also satisfied the predetermined network traffic rule within a predetermined time period.
16. The system of claim 13, wherein:
determining that one of the electronic communications is part of a communication trend comprises
determining that the electronic communication has at least one characteristic in common with one or more previous electronic communications;
wherein the at least one characteristic comprises at least one of (a) a sender of the electronic communication and the one or more previous electronic communications, (b) a recipient of the electronic communication and the one or more previous electronic communications, or (c) a predetermined time period within which the electronic communication and the one or more previous electronic communications were sent.
17. The system of claim 13, further comprising:
at least one of a gateway computing device or a proxy computing device;
wherein at least one of the gateway computing device or the proxy computing device monitors the network traffic.
18. A computer-implemented method comprising:
monitoring network traffic comprising a plurality of electronic communications;
determining whether one of the electronic communications is part of a communication trend; and
responsive to determining that the electronic communication is part of a communication trend, performing an analysis of a computer file associated with the electronic communication for potential use of steganography to hide content in the computer file.
19. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, wherein monitoring network traffic comprising a plurality of electronic communication comprises:
determining whether the electronic communication and one or more previous electronic communications each satisfy a defined network traffic rule.
20. The computer-implemented method of claim 19, wherein determining whether the electronic communication is part of a communication trend further comprises:
determining whether the electronic communication and one or more previous electronic communications correspond to a predetermined frequency pattern.