1. A liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal display element comprising:
a pair of alignment films provided on mutually facing sides of a pair of substrates; and
a liquid crystal layer which is provided between the pair of alignment films and contains a liquid crystal molecule having a negative dielectric anisotropy, wherein
at least one of the pair of alignment films contains a deformed compound obtained by deforming a polymer compound having a photo-sensitive functional group as a side chain,
the liquid crystal layer further contains a molecule which has a ring structure and a spacer linking the ring structure, and
the liquid crystal molecule is given a pre-tilt by the deformed compound.
2. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the molecule which has the ring structure and the spacer linking the ring structure includes a nematic liquid-crystalline material or low-molecular material which has a negative or neutral dielectric anisotropy and contains at least one compound represented by the following formula:
R1-A1-X1-A2-R2
where
R1 and R2 are each an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein one CH2 group or non adjacent two or more CH2 groups in the alkyl or alkenyl group may be replaced by an oxygen atom andor a sulfur atom, and at least one hydrogen atom in the alkyl or alkenyl group may be replaced by a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom;
A1 and A2 are each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group wherein one CH2 group or non-adjacent two CH2 groups may be replaced by an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, or 1,4-phenylene group wherein one or more CH groups may be replaced by a nitrogen atom, or a group selected from the group including 1,4-cyclohexenylene group, 1,4-bicyclo2,2,2octylene group, pyperidin-1,4-diyl group, naphthalen-2,6-diyl group, decahydronaphthalen-2,6-diyl group, and 1,2,3,4tetrahydronaphthalen-2,6-diyl group, provided that hydrogen atoms in A1 and A2 may be replaced by CN or halogen; and
X1 is \u2014CH2CH2-, \u2014CH\u2550CH\u2014, \u2014CH(CH3)CH2-CH2CH(CH3)-, \u2014CH(CH3)CH(CH3)-, \u2014CF2CFr, \u2014CF\u2550CF\u2014, \u2014CH20-, \u2014OCHr, OCH(CH3)-, \u2014CH(CH3)0-, \u2014(CH2)4-, \u2014(CH2)30-, -0(CH2)3-, \u2014C\u2550C\u2014, \u2014CF20-, \u2014OCFr, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014COO\u2014, \u2014COS\u2014, \u2014SCO\u2014, \u2014O\u2014, or \u2014C\u2014.
3. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the molecule which has the ring structure and the spacer linking the ring structure to the total mass of the liquid crystal molecule and the molecule which has the ring structure and the spacer linking the ring structure is in the range of 1 to 50% by mass.
4. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the compound constituting at least one of the pair of alignment films includes a compound which further has, as a side chain, a group represented by the following formula (1):
\u2014R1-R2-R3\u2003\u2003(1)
where R1 is a straight chain or branched bivalent organic group of at least 3 carbon atoms and is linked to a main chain of the polymer compound, R2 is a bivalent organic group including a plurality of ring structures, wherein one of the atoms constituting the ring structures is linked to R1, and R3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a univalent group having a carbonate group, or a derivative thereof.
5. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the compound constituting at least one of the pair of alignment films includes a compound which has, as a side chain, a group represented by the following formula (2):
\u2014R11-R12-R13-R14\u2003\u2003(2)
where R11 is a straight chain or branched bivalent organic group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms, which may include an ether group or an ester group and which is linked to a main chain of the polymer compound, or R11 is an ether group or an ester group and is linked to the main chain of the polymer compound, R12 is an ethynylene group or a bivalent group including one type of structure selected from among chalcone, cyannamate, cyannamoyl, coumarin, maleimide, benzophenone, norbornene, oryzanol, and chitosan structures, R13 is a bivalent organic group including a plurality of ring structures, and R14 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a univalent group having a carbonate group, or a derivative thereof.
6. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein
the deformed compound obtained by deforming the polymer compound includes a side chain, and a main chain supporting the side chain on the substrate;
the side chain includes
a deformed portion which is linked to the main chain and in which the side chain is partly deformed, and
a terminal structure portion linked to the deformed portion; and
the liquid crystal molecule is given the pre-tilt by being set along the terminal structure portion or being clamped by the terminal structure portion.
7. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein
the deformed compound obtained by deforming the polymer compound includes a side chain, and a main chain supporting the side chain on the substrate; and
the side chain includes
a deformed portion which is linked to the main chain and in which the side chain is partly deformed, and
a terminal structure portion which is linked to the deformed portion and has a mesogenic group.
8. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, further comprising
an orientation-regulating portion which includes a slit formed in an electrode or a projection provided on the substrate.
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A portable apparatus for lifting an electronic device to be mounted on a wall or for removing the electronic device from the wall, comprising:
a base frame assembly comprising at least three support members, and a connecting member that is connected to a first end of a first support member among the at least three support members, wherein a first end of a second support member among the at least three support members, and a first end of a third support member among the at least three support members, are pivotally connected to the base frame support member;
a mast assembly removably connectable to the base frame assembly;
an electronic device holding assembly removably connectable to the mast assembly in a manner that permits the electronic device holding assembly to translate linearly along a length of the mast assembly; and
a driving mechanism for causing the electronic device holding assembly to translate along the length of the mast assembly.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a base frame support member brace assembly slidably connected to the first support member and pivotally connected to each of the second and third support members.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the first, second and third support members includes a caster mounted to a second end of the respective support member.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member of the base frame assembly includes a mast connecting portion for connecting the mast assembly to the base frame assembly.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electronic device holding assembly comprises:
at least two support arms; and
a cross-member to which the support arms are connected,
wherein the support arms are arranged to hold the electronic device.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a trolley device connected to the electronic device holding assembly, the trolley device being installed on the mast assembly and providing a means for the electronic device holding assembly to translate along the length of the mast assembly.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the mast assembly is comprised of at least two mast segments removably connected with each other.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the each of the mast segments have a square outer cross section, and a first end of a first one of the mast segment includes a cylindrical-shaped male-type connection member and a first end of a second one of the mast segments includes a cylindrical-shaped female-type connection member that connects with the male-type connection member of the first mast segment to connect the two mast segments together.
9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a winch, cable and pulley system arranged to cause the trolley to translate along the length of the mast.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the winch is driven by a motor.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first support member of the base assembly is substantially linear, and a second end of each of the second and third support members is formed with an offset portion in a forward direction of the apparatus.
12. A portable apparatus for lifting an electronic device to be mounted on a wall or for removing the electronic device from the wall, comprising:
a base frame assembly comprising at least three support members, and a connecting member that is connected to a first end of a first support member among the at least three support members, wherein a first end of a second support member among the at least three support members, and a first end of a third support member among the at least three support members, are pivotally connected to the base frame support member;
a mast assembly removably connected to the connecting member of the base frame assembly, wherein the mast assembly is comprised of at least two mast segments removably connected with each other;
a trolley device removably engaged with the mast assembly, the trolley being capable of translating along the length of the mast assembly;
an electronic device holding assembly removably connected to the trolley device, the electronic device holding assembly being comprised of at least two support arms, and a cross-member to which the support arms are connected, wherein the support arms are arranged to hold the electronic device; and
a driving mechanism for causing the trolley to translate along the length of the mast assembly.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the each of the mast segments have a square outer cross section, and a first end of a first one of the mast segment includes a cylindrical-shaped male-type connection member and a first end of a second one of the mast segments includes a cylindrical-shaped female-type connection member that connects with the male-type connection member of the first mast segment to connect the two mast segments together.