1. A supporting structure applied to a backlight module, the backlight module comprising at least a plurality of optical sheets, the supporting structure comprising:
a fixing component with a through-hole and two openings; and
a supporting component, comprising:
a supporting pin having a top end and a bottom end, the top end for supporting the optical sheets;
an elongated block having a width and a length that is greater than the width, the length of the block defining a longitudinal direction of the block, the block being disposed at the bottom end;
a plate disposed on the supporting pin and being disposed above the block and separated thereby by a narrowed neck portion; and
two protrusions disposed at two opposite sides and directly on a bottom of the plate and facing the bottom end, the protrusions corresponding to the respective openings, an angle being defined between a direction connecting the protrusions and the longitudinal direction of the block, and the angle being larger than zero degrees;
wherein after the block goes through the through-hole and is rotated by the angle, the plate presses against an upper surface of the fixing component the block presses against a lower surface of the fixing component, and the protrusions engage in the corresponding openings for positioning the supporting component, so as to fix the supporting component onto the fixing component.
2. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the fixing component comprises a back plate.
3. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the plate is disposed at a distance from the block, the distance is substantially equal to the thickness of the fixing component.
4. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the angle is substantially equal to 90\xb0.
5. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the block comprises an elliptic cone.
6. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the through-hole is an ellipse.
7. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the supporting pin comprises a cone.
8. The supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein the plate comprises a circular plate.
9. A backlight module comprising:
a plurality of optical sheets;
a supporting structure comprising:
a fixing component having an upper surface, a through-hole and two openings, the upper surface facing the optical sheets; and
a supporting component, comprising:
a supporting pin having a top end and a bottom end, the top end for supporting the optical sheets on the fixing component, the optical sheets parallel to the fixing component;
an elongated block having a width and a length that is greater than the width, the length of the block defining a longitudinal direction of the block, the block being disposed at the bottom end;
a plate disposed on the supporting pin and being disposed above the block and separated thereby by a narrowed neck portion; and
two protrusions disposed at two opposite sides and directly on a bottom of the plate and facing the bottom end, the protrusions corresponding to the respective openings, an angle being defined between a direction connecting the protrusions and the longitudinal direction of the block, and the angle being larger than zero degrees;
a circuit board disposed on the upper surface; and
a light emitting device disposed on the circuit board for providing a backlight source;
wherein after the block goes through the through-hole and is rotated by the angle, the plate presses against an upper surface of the fixing component the block presses against a lower surface of the fixing component respectively the protrusions engaging in the corresponding openings for positioning the supporting component, so as to fix the supporting component onto the fixing component.
10. The backlight module according to claim 9 wherein the plate is disposed at a distance from the block, the distance is substantially equal to the thickness of the fixing component.
11. The backlight module according to claim 9, wherein the angle is substantially equal to 90\xb0.
12. The backlight module according to claim 9, wherein the fixing component comprises a back plate.
13. The backlight module according to claim 9, wherein the block comprises an elliptic cone.
14. The backlight module according to claim 9, wherein the shape of the opening is an ellipse.
15. The backlight module according to claim 9, wherein the supporting pin comprises a cone.
16. The backlight module according to claim 9, wherein the plate comprises a circular plate.
17. The backlight module according to claim 9, wherein the light emitting device comprises a light emitting diode (LED).
The claims below are in addition to those above.
All refrences to claim(s) which appear below refer to the numbering after this setence.
1. A method for the treatment of nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases from technical processes, such as flue gases, for the purposes of removing andor separating off the nitrogen oxides andor for the purposes of reducing the nitrogen oxide content, in particular a method for the denitrification of exhaust gases from large technical installations,
characterized
(a) in that, in a first method step, the exhaust gases are selectively cooled; and
(b) in that, in a simultaneous andor subsequent second method step, the nitrogen oxides are removed andor separated off from the exhaust gases.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in method step (a), at least one coolant is introduced into andor contacted with the flow of exhaust gases from technical processes, in particular the flue gases.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the coolant is a cooling liquid, in particular a non-ignitable andor inert cooling liquid, preferably water.
4. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant is introduced, in particular sprayed or injected, in finely distributed form into the exhaust-gas flow.
5. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow by means of injection devices, in particular injection lances, wherein in particular, each injection device has one or more, in particular 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5, nozzles for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the injection devices are arranged in 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, injection planes, particularly preferably in one injection plane, wherein in particular, each injection plane has 1 to 20, in particular 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 12, injection devices, andor in that the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow by means of 1 to 200, in particular 2 to 100, preferably 5 to 60, preferably 3 to 36, particularly preferably 1 to 12, injection devices.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the injection devices are controlled individually andor in groups, preferably individually, wherein in particular, the discharge of the coolant from the injection devices is controlled for each injection device individually andor for groups of injection devices.
8. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow such that a desired, in particular preset, temperature profile of the exhaust-gas flow is set, wherein in particular, a uniform temperature profile, in particular with a consistent temperature andor a narrow temperature interval, is set over the entire cross section of the exhaust-gas flow, andor wherein in particular, a temperature profile with a non-uniform temperature distribution is set.
9. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow causes the exhaust-gas flow to be cooled in its entirety or in regions, wherein in particular, the entire cross section of the exhaust-gas flow is cooled, andor wherein selected regions of the cross section of the exhaust-gas flow, in particular perpendicular to the main flow direction of the exhaust-gas flow, are cooled.
10. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gases are cooled in particular at least in regions to temperatures in the range from 750 to 1200\xb0 C., in particular 800 to 1150\xb0 C., preferably 850 to 1100\xb0 C., wherein in particular, the entire cross section of the exhaust-gas flow is cooled, andor wherein selected regions of the cross section of the exhaust-gas flow are cooled.
11. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitrogen oxides are separated off andor removed from the exhaust gases by means of chemical reduction of the nitrogen oxides.
12. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the method, in particular the reduction of the nitrogen oxides, is performed in the absence of a catalyst, andor in that the method is carried out as selective non-catalytic reduction, in particular as an SNCR method.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that at least one nitrogen-containing reducing agent is contacted with the nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases andor introduced into the flow of the nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the contacting andor the introduction areis performed such that the reducing agent reacts with the nitrogen oxides, in particular reduces the nitrogen oxides, preferably to form elementary nitrogen.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the reducing agent reacts with the nitrogen oxides to form elementary nitrogen by comproportionation.
16. The method as claimed in one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the reducing agent used is in the form of an aqueous solution, wherein in particular, as reducing agent, use is made of ammonia andor urea, in particular in the form of their aqueous solutions.
17. The method as claimed in one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the reducing agent is introduced, in particular sprayed or injected, in finely distributed form into the exhaust-gas flow.
18. The method as claimed in one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the reducing agent is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow by means of injection devices, in particular injection lances, wherein in particular, each injection device has one or more, in particular 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5, nozzles for introducing the reducing agents into the exhaust-gas flow.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the injection devices for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow are arranged in 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 5, injection planes, wherein in particular, each injection plane has 1 to 20, in particular 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 12, injection devices, andor in that the reducing agent is introduced into the flue-gas flow by means of 1 to 200, in particular 2 to 100, preferably 5 to 60, injection devices.
20. The method as claimed in claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the injection devices for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow are controlled individually andor in groups, preferably individually, wherein in particular, the discharge of the reducing agent from the injection devices is controlled for each injection device individually andor for groups of injection devices.
21. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that different injection devices are used for the coolant and for the reducing agent, in particular in different injection planes.
22. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow at the same time as andor temporally prior to, preferably temporally prior to, the introduction of the reducing agent, andor in that the coolant and the reducing agent are introduced into the exhaust-gas flow in alternation andor in a defined sequence, preferably in a spatially andor temporally, preferably spatially, defined sequence, wherein in particular, in the case of the initial introduction, the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow at the same time as andor temporally prior to, preferably temporally prior to, the introduction of the reducing agent.
23. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow is performed at temperatures in the range from 750 to 1200\xb0 C., in particular 800 to 1150\xb0 C., preferably 850 to 1100\xb0 C.
24. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow, in particular the quantity thereof andor the time of introduction, is controlled by way of an evaluation of the load signal andor the determination of the exhaust-gas temperature, wherein in particular, the introduction of the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow is controlled by way of an evaluation of the load signal andor by way of the determination of the exhaust-gas temperature.
25. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow, in particular the quantity thereof andor the time of introduction, is controlled by way of the determination of the exhaust-gas temperature andor of the residual nitrogen oxide content in the purified gas that results from the treatment, wherein in particular, the introduction of the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow is controlled by way of an evaluation of the load signal andor by way of the determination of the exhaust-gas temperature andor by way of a comparison between, on the one hand, a measured value for the residual nitrogen oxide content in the purified gas that results from the treatment and, on the other hand, a predefined setpoint value.
26. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature of the exhaust gases is determined over the duration of the method at least at defined andor predefined measurement points, andor in that at least one temperature profile of the exhaust gases, in particular in the form of one or more planes, is established, in particular by means of acoustic andor optical temperature measurement, preferably acoustic temperature measurement.
27. The method as claimed in claim 26, characterized in that, on the basis of the determined temperature values of the exhaust gases andor of the determined temperature profile of the exhaust gases, the exhaust-gas flow is divided into sections, wherein the sections are assigned defined individual injection devices for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow andor defined groups of injection devices for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow.
28. The method as claimed in claim 26 or 27, characterized in that, on the basis of the determined temperature values of the exhaust gases andor of the determined temperature profile of the exhaust gases, the exhaust-gas flow is divided into sections, wherein the sections are assigned defined individual injection devices for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow andor defined groups of injection devices for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow.
29. The method as claimed in one of claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the injection devices for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow are controlled, in particular individually or in groups, on the basis of the determined temperature values of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the determined temperature profile of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the load signal.
30. The method as claimed in one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the injection devices for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow are controlled, in particular individually or in groups, on the basis of the determined temperature values of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the determined temperature profile of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the load signal andor on the basis of a comparison between, on the one hand, a measured value for the residual nitrogen oxide content in the purified gas that results from the treatment and, on the other hand, a predefined setpoint value.
31. The method as claimed in one of claims 26 to 30, characterized in that the injection devices for introducing the coolant and the injection devices for introducing the reducing agent are controlled jointly on the basis of the determined temperature values of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the determined temperature profile of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the load signal, wherein in particular, the injection devices for introducing the coolant and the injection devices for introducing the reducing agent are controlled in an inter-coordinated manner.
32. The method as claimed in claim 31, characterized in that the injection devices for introducing the reducing agent are controlled additionally on the basis of a comparison between, on the one hand, a measured value for the residual nitrogen oxide content in the purified gas that results from the treatment and, on the other hand, a predefined setpoint value.
33. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, as reducing agent, at least two mutually different nitrogen-containing reducing agents are contacted with the nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases andor are introduced into the flow of the nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases.
34. The method as claimed in claim 33, characterized in that the mutually different reducing agents react with the nitrogen oxides under mutually different reaction conditions, in particular at mutually different temperatures andor under mutually different kinetic andor thermodynamic conditions.
35. The method as claimed in either of claims 33 and 34, characterized in that at least one reducing agent is used in the form of an aqueous solution, and in particular, all reducing agents are used in the form of aqueous solutions.
36. The method as claimed in one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that ammonia, on the one hand, and urea, on the other hand, in particular in the form of their aqueous solutions, are used as mutually different reducing agents.
37. The method as claimed in claim 36, characterized in that ammonia is provided andor used in the form of an aqueous solution with an NH3 content of 10 to 35 wt %, in particular 15 to 30 wt %, preferably 20 to 30 wt %, preferably approximately 25 wt %, andor in that the urea is provided andor used in the form of an aqueous solution with a urea content of 10 to 50 wt %, in particular 20 to 50 wt %, preferably 30 to 50 wt %, preferably 40 to 45 wt %, wherein in particular, the aqueous ammoniacal solution andor the aqueous urea solution have additional water added thereto before introduction of the solution(s) into the exhaust-gas flow.
38. The method as claimed in one of claims 33 to 37, characterized in that the mutually different reducing agents, in particular ammonia and urea, are introduced into the exhaust-gas flow temporally andor spatially separately from one another, andor in that the mutually different reducing agents are introduced into the exhaust-gas flow jointly, in particular after prior mixing, wherein in particular, over the course of the method, the mutually different reducing agents are introduced into the flue-gas flow both temporally andor spatially separately from one another and jointly after prior mixing.
39. The method as claimed in one of claims 33 to 38, characterized in that ammonia and urea are introduced into the exhaust-gas flow in a weight-based ammoniaurea ratio of 99:1 to 1:99, in particular 95:5 to 5:95, preferably 9:1 to 1:9, preferably 7:1 to 1:7, more preferably 4:1 to 1:6, even more preferably 2:1 to 1:5, in particular in the case of joint introduction of ammonia and urea.
40. The method as claimed in one of claims 33 to 39, characterized in that the reducing agents, in particular ammonia and urea, are introduced into the exhaust-gas flow in such quantities that the molar ratio, in particular the equivalence ratio, between, on the one hand, the entirety of the reducing agents used and, on the other hand, nitrogen oxides to be reduced is set in the range from 1:1 to 5:1, in particular 2:1 to 4:1, preferably approximately 2.5:3.5.
41. The method as claimed in one of claims 33 to 40, characterized in that the weight-based ratios of the reducing agents relative to one another, in particular the weight-based ratios of the mixture of the reducing agents, andor the concentrations of the aqueous solutions of the reducing agents, are set identically for all injection devices, andor are set individually for individual injection devices, in particular each injection device, andor for groups of injection devices, preferably for each injection device.
42. An apparatus (installation) (1) for the treatment of nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases from technical processes, such as flue gases, for the purposes of removing andor separating off the nitrogen oxides andor for the purposes of reducing the nitrogen oxide content by means of chemical reduction of the nitrogen oxides, in particular an apparatus (installation) (1) for the denitrification of exhaust gases from large technical installations, preferably for carrying out a method as claimed in one of the preceding claims,
characterized
in that the apparatus (1) comprises:
(a) a reactor (2) for contacting at least one coolant and for contacting andor converting at least one reducing agent with the nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases, wherein the reactor (2) has a multiplicity of injection devices (3A, 3B), in particular injection lances, for the introduction, in particular injection, of at least one coolant (4) and has a multiplicity of injection devices (5), in particular injection lances, for the introduction, in particular injection, of at least one nitrogen-containing reducing agent (6, 7), wherein the injection devices (3A, 3B, 5) can be regulated individually andor in groups, preferably individually,
(b) at least one storage device (8), in particular a reservoir vessel, which is in particular assigned to the reactor (2) and which is preferably connected via at least one feed line (8A) to the injection devices (3A, 3B) and which serves for storing andor releasing at least one coolant (4), and
(c) at least one storage device (9, 10), in particular a reservoir vessel, which is in particular assigned to the reactor (2) and which is preferably connected via at least one feed line (9A, 10A) to the injection devices (5) and which serves for storing andor releasing at least one reducing agent (6, 7).
43. The apparatus as claimed in claim 42, characterized in that the discharge of the coolant (4) from the injection devices (3A, 3B) can be regulated for each injection device (3A, 3B) individually andor for groups of injection devices (3A, 3B).
44. The apparatus as claimed in claim 42 or 43, characterized in that each injection device (3A, 3B) for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow has one or more, in particular 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5, nozzles.
45. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection devices (3A, 3B) for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow are arranged in 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, injection planes, particularly preferably one injection plane, wherein in particular, each injection plane has 1 to 20, in particular 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 12, injection devices (3A, 3B) for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow.
46. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) has 1 to 200, in particular 2 to 100, preferably 5 to 60, preferably 3 to 36, particularly preferably 1 to 12, injection devices (3A, 3B) for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow.
47. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge of the reducing agent (6, 7) from the injection devices (5) can be regulated for each injection device (5) individually andor for groups of injection devices (5).
48. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each injection device (5) for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow has one or more, in particular 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5, nozzles.
49. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) has 1 to 200, in particular 2 to 100, preferably 5 to 60, injection devices (5) for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow.
50. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection devices (5) for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow are arranged in 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 5, injection planes, wherein in particular, each injection plane has 1 to 20, in particular 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 12, injection devices (5) for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow.
51. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection devices (5) are designed for introducing, in particular spraying, preferably injecting, aqueous solutions of the reducing agent (6, 7), in particular aqueous ammonia andor urea solutions.
52. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) comprises:
(c1) at least one first storage device (9), in particular a first reservoir vessel, which is in particular assigned to the reactor (2) and which is preferably connected via at least one feed line (9A) to the injection devices (5) and which serves for storing andor releasing at least one first reducing agent (6), and
(c2) at least one second storage device (10), in particular a second reservoir vessel, which is in particular assigned to the reactor (2) and which is preferably connected via at least one feed line (10A) to the injection devices (5) and which serves for storing andor releasing at least one second reducing agent (7) which differs from the first reducing agent.
53. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) is connected downstream, in particular directly downstream, of a combustion device (11), in particular of a combustion boiler.
54. The apparatus as claimed in claim 53, characterized in that the apparatus (1) is arranged between a combustion device (11) and a heat-exchange device (12), andor in that the apparatus (1) is connected downstream of a combustion device (11), in particular of a combustion boiler, and extends into the region of a heat-exchange device (12).
55. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) has at least one water storage device (13) for storing andor releasing water, wherein in particular, the water storage device (13) is assigned to the reactor (2) and is preferably connected via at least one feed line (13A) to the injection devices (5) for introducing the reducing agent.
56. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) has at least one gas storage device (14) for storing andor releasing possibly compressed gases, in particular compressed air, wherein in particular, the gas storage device (14) is assigned to the reactor (2) and is preferably connected via at least one feed line (14A) to the injection devices (3) for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow, andor in that the apparatus (1) has at least one gas storage device (14) for storing andor releasing possibly compressed gases, in particular compressed air, wherein in particular, the gas storage device (14) is assigned to the reactor (2) and is preferably connected via at least one feed line (14B) to the injection devices (5) for introducing the reducing agent into the exhaust-gas flow.
57. The apparatus as claimed in claim 56, characterized in that the pressurization of the injection devices (3) for the purposes of discharging the coolant (4) into the reactor (2) can be performed by means of the gases stored in the gas storage device (14), andor in that the pressurization of the injection devices (5) for the purposes of discharging the reducing agent (6, 7) into the reactor (2) can be performed by means of the gases stored in the gas storage device (14).
58. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) has at least one dosing andor mixing device (15), wherein in particular, the dosing andor mixing device (15) is connected to the storage devices (9, 10) for the provision of the reducing agent and to the injection devices (5) for the introduction of the reducing agent and, if appropriate, to the water storage device (13) that may be provided.
59. The apparatus as claimed in claim 58, characterized in that the dosing andor mixing device (15) is designed such that the concentrations of the aqueous solutions of the reducing agent (6, 7) can be regulated identically andor can be individually regulated for individual injection devices (5), in particular for each injection device (5), for introducing the reducing agent andor for groups of injection devices (5) for introducing the reducing agent, preferably for each injection device (5) for introducing the reducing agent.
60. The apparatus as claimed in claim 58 or 59, characterized in that the dosing andor mixing device (15) is designed such that the weight-based andor volume-based ratios of the reducing agent (6, 7) relative to one another, in particular the weight-based andor volume-based ratios of mixtures of the reducing agents (6, 7), andor the concentrations of the aqueous solutions of the reducing agents (6, 7) can be regulated identically andor can be individually regulated for individual injection devices (5), in particular for each injection device (5), for introducing the reducing agent andor for groups of injection devices (5) for introducing the reducing agent, preferably for each injection device (5) for introducing the reducing agent.
61. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the coolant (4) into the exhaust-gas flow can be controlled by way of a determination of temperature values of the exhaust gases andor by way of a determination of a temperature profile of the exhaust gases andor by way of a load signal andor in that the introduction of the reducing agent (6, 7) into the exhaust-gas flow can be controlled by way of a determination of temperature values of the exhaust gases andor by way of a determination of a temperature profile of the exhaust gases andor by way of a load signal andor by way of a comparison between, on the one hand, a measured value for the residual nitrogen oxide content in the purified gas that results from the treatment and, on the other hand, a predefined setpoint value.
62. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the coolant (4) and the introduction of the reducing agent (6, 7) into the exhaust-gas flow can be coordinated with one another.
63. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a temperature profile of the exhaust-gas flow can be set by way of the introduction of the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow, wherein in particular, a uniform temperature profile or a non-uniform temperature profile of the exhaust-gas flow can be set.
64. The apparatus as claimed in claim 63, characterized in that the exhaust-gas flow can be set at least in regions to temperatures in the range from 750 to 1200\xb0 C., in particular 800 to 1150\xb0 C., preferably 850 to 1100\xb0 C., by way of the introduction of the coolant (4).
65. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) has at least one measurement device (16) for determining temperature values of the exhaust gases andor for determining a temperature profile of the exhaust gases andor for determining a load signal andor for determining a value for the residual nitrogen oxide content in the purified gas that results from the treatment, in particular for the purposes of controlling the introduction of the coolant (4) andor of the reducing agent (6, 7) into the exhaust-gas flow.
66. The apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the apparatus (1) has, arranged in particular upstream of the injection devices (3) for introducing the coolant, a measurement device (16) for determining the temperature of the exhaust gas andor for establishing a temperature profile of the exhaust gas, in particular by means of acoustic or optical temperature measurement, preferably by means of acoustic temperature measurement.
67. The use of an apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims for removing andor separating off nitrogen oxides from nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gases from technical processes, in particular flue gases.
68. The use of an apparatus as claimed in one of the preceding claims for the selective cooling of exhaust gases from technical processes, in particular flue gases.
69. A method for the treatment of exhaust gases from technical processes, in particular flue gases, preferably for the purposes of cooling the exhaust gases, in particular as part of a method for removing andor separating off nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases from technical processes, in particular as part of a method for the denitrification of exhaust gases from large technical installations,
characterized
in that the exhaust gases are selectively cooled andor in that the flow of the exhaust gases to be treated is subjected to selective cooling.
70. The method as claimed in claim 69, characterized in that at least one coolant is introduced into andor contacted with the flow of the exhaust gases from technical processes, in particular of the flue gases.
71. The method as claimed in claim 69 or 70, characterized in that the coolant is a cooling liquid, in particular a non-ignitable andor inert cooling liquid, preferably water.
72. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant is introduced, in particular sprayed or injected, in finely distributed form into the exhaust-gas flow.
73. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow by means of injection devices, in particular injection lances, wherein in particular, each injection device has one or more, in particular 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, particularly preferably 1 to 5, nozzles for introducing the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow.
74. The method as claimed in claim 73, characterized in that the injection devices are arranged in 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 7, preferably 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, injection planes, particularly preferably in one injection plane, wherein in particular, each injection plane has 1 to 20, in particular 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 12, injection devices, andor in that the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow by means of 1 to 200, in particular 2 to 100, preferably 5 to 60, preferably 3 to 36, particularly preferably 1 to 12, injection devices.
75. The method as claimed in claim 73 or 74, characterized in that the injection devices are controlled individually andor in groups, preferably individually, wherein in particular, the discharge of the coolant from the injection devices is controlled for each injection device individually andor for groups of injection devices.
76. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coolant is introduced into the exhaust-gas flow such that a desired, in particular preset, temperature profile of the exhaust-gas flow is set, wherein in particular, a uniform temperature profile is set over the entire cross section of the exhaust-gas flow, andor wherein in particular, a temperature profile with a non-uniform temperature distribution is set.
77. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow causes the exhaust-gas flow to be cooled in its entirety or in regions, wherein in particular, the entire cross section of the exhaust-gas flow is cooled, andor wherein in particular, selected regions of the cross section of the exhaust-gas flow, in particular perpendicular to the main flow direction of the exhaust-gas flow, are cooled.
78. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust gases are cooled at least in regions to temperatures in the range from 750 to 1200\xb0 C., in particular 800 to 1150\xb0 C., preferably 850 to 1100\xb0 C., wherein in particular, the entire cross section of the exhaust-gas flow is cooled, andor wherein in particular, selected regions of the cross section of the exhaust-gas flow are cooled.
79. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the introduction of the coolant into the exhaust-gas flow, in particular the quantity thereof andor the time of introduction, is controlled by way of an evaluation of the load signal andor the determination of the exhaust-gas temperature.
80. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature of the exhaust gases is determined over the duration of the method at least at defined andor predefined measurement points, andor in that at least one temperature profile of the exhaust gases, in particular in the form of one or more planes, is established, in particular by means of acoustic andor optical temperature measurement, preferably acoustic temperature measurement.
81. The method as claimed in claim 80, characterized in that, on the basis of the determined temperature values of the exhaust gases andor of the determined temperature profile of the exhaust gases, the exhaust-gas flow is divided into sections, wherein the sections are assigned defined individual injection devices andor defined groups of injection devices.
82. The method as claimed in claim 80 or 81, characterized in that the injection devices are controlled, in particular individually or in groups, on the basis of the determined temperature values of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the determined temperature profile of the exhaust gases andor on the basis of the load signal.
83. The method as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at the same time as andor subsequently to the selective cooling of the exhaust gases, further treatment, in particular for the reduction or removal of undesired constituents, of the exhaust gases is performed, andor in that, at the same time as andor subsequently to the selective cooling of the exhaust gases, a method for further treatment, in particular for the reduction or removal of undesired constituents, of the exhaust gases is carried out.
84. The method as claimed in claim 83, characterized in that, at the same time as andor subsequently to the selective cooling of the exhaust gases, further treatment for the reduction or removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gases is performed, andor in that, at the same time as andor subsequently to the selective cooling of the exhaust gases, a method for the reduction or removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gases is carried out.
85. The method as claimed in claim 83 or 84, characterized in that, at the same time as andor subsequently to the selective cooling of the exhaust gases, at least one exhaust-gas treatment medium is introduced into andor contacted with the exhaust-gas flow, in particular injected into the exhaust-gas flow.